Ubume yomqolo yabantu: scheme, ukonyulwa kumasebe eziphambili. iimpawu zezakhiwo

Umnqonqo yenye izakhiwo ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. Kuyo, thina bathembele kwaye usebenzise yona ukuhambahamba. Imilo egobile yomqolo - elastic irubhrikhi, ngenxa leyo asimbongozanga izothuso ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zibekho phantsi ntshikilelo obukhulu. Yena kuvumela umntu ukuba bahambe ngqo kwaye ugcina iziko womxhuzulane. Kweli nqaku siza kuqwalasela isakhiwo yomqolo yabantu. Uphawu zeesekethe, imisebenzi, kunye nokwakheka zityhila impendulo yayo eneenkcukacha.

imisebenzi

Spine ekulungiseni inkxaso engundoqo. Khawuthelekelele ubomi ngaphandle lo mzimba akunakwenzeka. Ukuba umsebenzi wakhe kantu, ngoko ke umntu nje ndingakwazi ukuhamba, kodwa ume nje. Kwimo yazo ixhomekeke ngqo kwimpilo jikelele. Ukuba ujonga isakhiwo yomqolo yabantu (leligama yesekethe thaca ngezantsi), oko lubonakale uyavela ngohlobo ngentonga bhetyebhetye. Kuye faka amathambo igxalaba, amalungu omzimba. Esi sisiseko epheleleyo umzimba uphela, kuba kwakhona kugcina intloko, iimbambo, clavicle kunye scapula.

Umnqonqo likhusela umnqonqo, obuso umsebenzi kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kweenkqubo zibalulekileyo kunye namaziko. Zoqhankqalazo, umonakalo, iimeko engentle yokusingqongileyo zibangela umonakalo omkhulu empilweni. Ukusuka zonke ezi ziphumo siya kuqwalaselwa likhusela skeletal system. Ngenxa amalungu ephakathi omqolo, kukho intshukumo. Ikholam vertebral apho kukho malunga amahlanu. Makhe sifunde isakhiwo yomqolo yabantu, uphawu yesekethe leyo ebonisa ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nokubaluleka.

isakhiwo jikelele

Umnqonqo lenziwa ngamasebe mahlanu inani elifanelekileyo omqolo. Ngomhla sagittal kunye iinqwelomoya ngokungqalileyo , kukho ilenze. Enkosi kubo, umthwalo abelwa ngokulinganayo. Ezigoso ziza ngeendlela ezininzi: kwexeshana phambili ngokuba lordosis, emva - kyphosis, ecaleni - zokufota.

Ukuba ujonga isakhiwo yomqolo yabantu, isicwangciso, ukwalathelwa yayo ingakumbi ngokucacileyo ibonisa oku, siphawula kulo amagophe zendalo. Kodwa ke, ukuze babe ngokugqithiseleyo. Koko uthethe utshintsho zophendlo lwezifo. Nika amalungu kwesakhiwo ingqibelelo, nemisipha kunye IiCD intervertebral, ezivumela isindululo damping isiphumo. Esi sakhiwo unique yomqolo yabantu ivumela ukuba ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo.

Amasebe kumhlathi spinal

Kwikholam spinal zezi amasebe ezintlanu:

• entanyeni;
• lwebele;
• empontshwa;
• sacrum;
• tailbone.

Ikholam spinal iqala emqolo wesibeleko, nto leyo imelwe ugobile khaxa. He is the ezihambayo, ngoko umntu uyakwazi zithambekele uphendule intloko entanyeni move. Oku kuqinisekiswa amacandelo ezimbini zokuqala. Zinelungelo imilo icici apha ziinkqubo ezizodwa ukuya Occipital umngxuma.

umnqonqo wesibeleko becala kubizwa ngokuba. Ezintathu amathambo asixhenxe abe isakhiwo okhethekileyo. Ekuqaleni, ndingenabo obam umzimba kodwa jike ezimbini uxhomekeke isiseko ukakayi. Oku kuthiwa sabheka vertebra. Okulandelayo epistrophe bone ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Front uye inkqubo odontoid ukukhonza yomqolo, ngenxa yokubolekisana sabheka. umnqonqo wesibeleko efana kakhulu ebuchotsheni. Inika eqhelekileyo yokusebenza "umcimbi hina." Umonakalo apha kunokukhokelela ekufeni.

Isifuba (amayeza ibizwa ngokuba thoracic) kujikwa C-ezimile. Ekubeni inxulumene ngqo eludongeni elingasemva esifubeni ngenxa iimbambo leyo ziqhotyoshelwe amathambo. Le umnqonqo ayisebenzi, kwakhona, ngenxa kufutshane esifubeni. Kodwa apha, sekunjalo ekwaziyo tilting. Nje degree wabo kakhulu ngaphantsi xa kuthelekiswa namanye amasebe. Khawula intshukumo iimbambo, ekubeni ukukhusela amalungu ezibalulekileyo ezifana emiphungeni kunye nentliziyo. Ezi zama intervertebral asezantsi, kodwa iinkqubo spinous - elide ngokwaneleyo.

Empontshwa (okanye empontshwa) iqulethe amathambo inkulu. Yena sinikezwe egopheni gentle lebhokisi sacrum kunye namasebe thoracic. Inxalenye yonke engentla umzimba ayicinezele phezu kwakhe, yiyo ke le nto ebangela ukuba umsebenzi kakhulu. Kuyinto eli sebe kunye nencum ithatha umthwalo omkhulu: ukuhamba, ukutsiba okanye wabaleka, nguye onoxanduva yonke ukunceda umzimba. Ngoko ke, kwezi ndawo kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba kwenzeka ngezifo okanye umothuko.

Icandelo amabini asezantsi phantsi kwemiqathango ethile kuphela ekuthiwa omqolo. Le sacrum iquka ithambo elingunxantathu eziquka ezintlanu omqolo tho. Ngenxa kuye, wenza umnqonqo uqhagamshelwano isinqe. Coccyx - oku eposini liphantsi. bembonakalo yayo ifana imilo egosogoso iphiramidi zocaphulo. Coccyx lebhokisi nemisipha kunye nemisipha ezizalanayo kwindlela genitourinary. Yena osithwalela umthwalo isinqe, ngelo xesha, lo fulcrum. Oko kubizwa ngokuba lwesiko umsila, nto leyo inxenye ongcambu zawo zisekelwe ithambo zangasese. skeleton Female yahlukile amadoda kule ndawo. bone Coccyx nga diverge kancinane phambi delivery, nokwandisa ubukhulu umjelo kubeleka, ngaloo ndlela ngokuququzelela inkqubo zombini umfazi omithiyo, nangenxa umntwana. Apha ngezantsi kukho imaphu epheleleyo, nto leyo ichaza ngokweenkcukacha isakhiwo yomqolo yabantu. Scheme imisebenzi abizwa ngalo nazo ziyafumaneka.

omqolo

Umnqonqo iquka omqolo 24, lidibane kuthotho kunye nabanye. Basonta:

• umnqonqo wesibeleko (iiyunithi ezisixhenxe);
• ibele (ezilishumi elinambini);
• empontshwa (ezintlanu).

vertebra nganye ngokumila zezindlu. Kwaye ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ethembekileyo umthwalo lokuzala element. It has a imilo i arc - kwisangqa kunye ephumayo kulo iinkqubo. Kwi i arc komzimba vertebral kunye umngxuma wadala. Ndiyila on vertebra ngalinye, ukuba ngokudibeneyo ukudala emjelweni spinal, nto leyo ibekwe umnqonqo, imizwa kunye imithambo yegazi.

compact intervertebral

Ezi zinto kufuneka nomzimba tyaba setyhula kulwelo ekhethekileyo ngaphakathi undoqo kunye disk. Enjengesakhiwo lomqolo yabantu (umzobo uphawulo ungabona kwakhona mzobo ngezantsi), ngenxa disks elastic inikeza ukunceda ngexesha intshukumo nkqo. ring ezinezikhondo, siluleka ukubana le omqolo, ezingqonge pulposus ngumongo. It buthathaka abanezifo yomqolo, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu komsipha, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba kukho Ithemba intervertebral.

amalungu omzimba

Umnqonqo awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle amalungu. Bona ukudibanisa amathambo. Amalungu anxibé ulusu egudileyo, intlala, ngenxa apho i-iimpikiswano zochuku omqolo intlungu. Ngaphakathi amalungu na ukudla ulwelo intlala ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe. Ngenxa yoko, othe wayama phezu aze ajike kumacala ahlukeneyo yaye yenza ezinye iintshukumo zomzimba.

iinyanda

Iinyanda iza ngeendlela ezimbini:

• yellow, edibanisa i arc;
• yokukhulisa omqolo longitudinal yokungena kule nxalenye kwikholam.

Phambi utshintsho lwezidumbu, yokuhamba kwamalungu nemisipha bazama ukuze kubuyekezelwe drive. Ngenxa yoko, kukho hypertrophy. Jonga isakhiwo yomqolo yabantu: scheme, lokutyumba Russian ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi. Ngenxa umfanekiso kulula ukuqonda indlela apho amalungu omqolo kwaye basonta ntoni isebe ukuba.

imisipha

Izihlunu zomzimba olungqonge umnqonqo. Ngenxa oku kunciphisa kakhulu umthwalo umngcipheko umonakalo. Ngasemva kukho izihlunu and enzonzobila. Uncedo lokuqala ukuya emagxeni nokolula emqolo. Ezi ziquka latissimus, trapezius, rhomboid, izihlunu serratus.

izibilini

Ngaphakathi kumhlathi spinal ke umnqonqo, engqongwe oonokrwece eqinileyo, arachnoid kunye ezithambileyo. Lo mzimba asuka wobuchopho iphela ngomhla wokuqala nowesibini esinqeni vertebra. Elowo isebe lakhe linoxanduva amalungu athile omzimba womntu. Lo msebenzi kuqinisekiswa yi umsebenzi neemvakalelo-luvo abavela umnqonqo yaye uyohlala ngqo izibilini. iingcambu-luvo kunye neeseli apha emqolo kukho imali enkulu. A iimpawu noshowo lomqolo ukuvumela ukuba iphumele foramen intervertebral.

ukuguga

Njengalo naluphi na ilungu lomzimba womntu, umnqonqo ebudaleni iba abadala. imikhwa emibi zibulale kuyo. Ngenxa emzimbeni iimpawu Ukuncipha balahlekile, kunye nemisipha namathambo akukho elide sithambe ngokwaneleyo ukuze aqale izokhula. Ukonakala zingenzeka kwi drive, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba isininzi ezimbi asakhasayo.

isiphelo

Xa sifundisisa isakhiwo yomqolo yabantu, ukuchongwa wesiphaluka, ukwakheka komzimba zibaluleke kakhulu. Abawaqapheli ukubamba ndicinga ukuba, njengesiqhelo, kule eziphilayo ezintsonkothileyo akukho nto eyolukileyo ngokwakho. kwilungu ngalinye uphumeza umsebenzi wayo. Ukuba ikhonkco encinane, inika kunye nezinye izakhiwo umzimba uphela.

Ukwazi oko enjengesakhiwo yomqolo yabantu, kucaca indlela ekubaluleke ngayo ukuba ayinike ingqalelo. A umzimba ibangela imimoya kwizihlunu, ezinye Nezingathanga ukuxhasa umqolo konke konke. mode enjalo ebangela ukuba ezinye iindawo umthwalo bafumana eyandisiweyo, kunye nezinye kukho ingozi yokulimala kwanaxa fatigue encinane.