I-perch iyona enkulu kunazo zonke eRashiya nasehlabathini. Iimpawu zesakhiwo kunye nokuziphatha kwebhekisi

Iqhawe eliqhelekileyo kwiintlanzi zokuthabatha abathanda ukuloba, ngokukodwa ebusika enye, ngumlambo womlambo. Ikhonksi enkulu yiyona nto inqwenelekayo, kwaye uyibamba le ntlanzi, ufuna ukuyifumanisa ngokukhawuleza, uyilinganise uze uthathe umfanekiso.

Kule nqaku siza kuthetha ngale ntlanzi enhle kunye nendlela ubukhulu kunye nobukhulu be-perch buhambisana ngayo nobudala bayo. Ungakwazi kwakhona ukufumana apho i-perch enkulu kwihlabathi ibanjwe khona.

I-Perch: indawo yokuhlala

Umlambo weMlambo ungomnye wezilwanyana ezininzi ezifundwe kwaye eziqhelekileyo e-Eurasia. Kodwa ke, eneneni, imiba ephathelene ne-biology ye-perch ikhulu kakhulu kuneempendulo. Kuye kwenzeka ukuba ezinye iintlobo zeentlanzi zibi kakhulu.

Umlambo weMlambo uhlala phantse kuwo onke ama-Eurasia. E-Asia, itholakala nakuma-kasentla (Kolyma), kwaye yakuba yinto ebonakalayo njenge-subspecies ehlukeneyo. Emazantsi, kwiLake Balkhash, le ntlobo ikufutshane nebhekisi leBalkhash.

EYurophu, ukuhlala kwayo kuqala kwandiswa kwinxalenye esemantla yeBritish Isles, kumantla enyakatho yeSenandula yaseScandinavia nasenyakatho ye-Kola Peninsula. Ummandla wasezantsi ujikeleze phantse iYurophu yonke. Kodwa ngoku iindawo apho le ntlanzi idibana nayo iya kwanda, ekubeni umlambo we-perch, ube yizilwanyana ezikhuphisanayo, ngokuqhelekileyo ithatha indawo yabamele abemi bendawo xa befakwa kwiindawo zokuhlala ezintsha.

Namhlanje i-perch ibonakala ngasenyakatho ye-Ireland neBritani, ngamanye amaxesha e-Iran, eTurkey, eChina nakwi-Afrika. Wayekwazi ukulungelelanisa kokubili e-Australia naseNew Zealand. Kuphela e-USA le ntlanzi ayifumananga ingcambu ngenxa yokufuduka kwayo ngeentlobo zendawo ye-perch ephuzi, efana nomlambo owodwa.

Umlambo omkhulu kumlambo wawuhlala kuMlambo iNayile. Ngale nto ncinane ungayifumana apha ngezantsi.

Inkcazelo

I-Perch ineeplastiki yezinto eziphilayo, kwaye ngoko ke, ukulungelelanisa kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi, kunokubonakala kuhluke. Ngokomzekelo, kumachibi aseKarelian umntu unokufumana abameli abamnyama beentlobo. Lo mbala ubavumela ukuba bafihle kakuhle. Kwimijelo emininzi, apho ihlabathi elisezantsi lihlala khona, le ntlanzi, ngokuchaseneyo, ilula kakhulu. Nangona imivimbo emzimbeni wayo ngamanye amaxesha ayibonakali.

Kwakhona, ubungakanani, ubungakanani, inani kunye nombala weempahia ziyahluka. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba zonke iifom ezikhoyo azikho iiprospecies. Iimpawu zabo zangaphandle azizuli njengefa, kwaye emva kwexesha, umzekelo, umbala omnyama we-paranali wase-Karelian, ubeke kwindawo echibini ngokubhekiselele, ucaciswe ngokuthe ngcembe.

I-grouper enkulu eRussia ithathwa njengesiqingatha ngaphantsi kwama-kilogram ayi-6, kodwa le nto yinto engavumelekanga. Nangona ubunzima obuba malunga ne-1.5 kg, le ntlanzi ibonwa njengenkulu, kwaye ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezimbini zikhulu kakhulu. Kwimizimba yamanzi amancinci, ubunzima bomyinge we-perch abufaneki ufike kuma-700-1200 amagremu.

Iiperki ezinkulu azikho ezinkulu. Ngokona nxalenye, bayakhula ngokuphakama nobunzima. Ubude babo bu malunga no-54 cm, kwaye ubukhulu kunye nobude buba malunga no-18 no-27 ngamentimitha ngokulandelanayo.

Indawo

Umlambo oMlambo (omkhulu okanye omncinci), kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu, uhlala kwindawo yamanzi kunye nemifuno okanye ezinye indawo zokuhlala. Ngokuqhelekileyo akukho mizila enjalo kumacandelo okwangoku, okanye abuthathaka.

Njengomthetho, le ntlanzi igweba indawo ngeemitha ezinamandla. Ngako oko, eli nani lincinci kwimilambo yeentaba (ngenxa yokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye namanzi abandayo kakhulu).

Umbhebhe waseRashiya

Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bebhebhe abudluli kwi-1200 grams. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, zifikelela kuma-2.8 kg, kwaye kuphela kumachibi amakhulu, umzekelo, kwi-Onega, kukho i-3 kilogram okanye ngaphezulu, kunye neLake Peipsus-4 kilogram. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eNtshona yaseSiberia, iziqhwala azinasisithakazelo. Amachibi ase-Ekaterinburg kunye neendawo zokuhlala ezijikelezileyo zihlala kwikhaya elingu-5 kg.

I-perch enkulu ebanjwe eRashiya ngamaqanda amabhinqa, ubunzima obufikelela kuma-5.965 kg. Wabanjwa kwiLake Tishkin Sor ngo-1996, kwingingqi yeTyumen (isithili se-Uvat).

Eyona nto iphakamileyo i-perches ibanjwe eSiberia kunye ne-Lower Volga. Oku kubangelwa kubukho bomhlaba omkhulu wefowuni kunye nexinzelelo elincinci lentlalo.

Ixesha leentlanzi lichongiwe ngamacangci anyaka aphawulwe kumhlathi ophezulu nangethambo laryngeal. Phantse kwiminyaka engama-23 inokuhlala kumlambo womlambo. Eli xesha lirekhodiwe kwi-perch, owayehlala kwaye wabanjwa eMongolia, kwisibini saseKhubsugul. Ubude bayo buyi-44.7 cm, kwaye ubunzima bomzimba - ngaphezu kweekhilo 2.

Bobabini ubungakanani kunye nokulindela ubomi beentlanzi zezi ntlobo zixhomekeka kwiimpawu zendawo. Iphika elikhulu lihlala khona eRussia? I-specimen enkulu inokudibana kwii-deltas emifuleni yaseKuban naseVolga nasezintabeni zaseSiberia.

Iintlobo zepaki

Kwiindawo ezininzi zokugcina izilwanyana, i-perch population imelwa yimidyarwana emibili, nganye leyo ineendawo zayo zokuhlala, ukulinganisa nokuziphatha kwayo kuphela. Kwiindawo ezinxweme, kumanxweme enxweme, kukho into ebizwa ngokuba ngotshani, kwaye yinto eninzi, kodwa ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Ixhaphaza i-specimen ngokukodwa ngama-invertebrates, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwayo ixhoba labaxhamli. Ngokuqhelekileyo ubanjwa ekulobeni lokuloba ngexesha lokuloba.

Iimpawu ze-perch ezinzulu zingachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: lukhula ngokukhawuleza, lunomzimba obanzi kwaye lukhulu, londla kakhulu kwiintlanzi ezincinci.

Isici esibonisa ukuba kubameli beentlanga zombini kukuba kwinqanaba elithile bahlala malunga nendawo efanayo kunye nokukholisa indlela efanayo yokuphila. Utshintsho kunye nokubonakala kwemeko kubonakala kwinkqubo yokukhula. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwinqanaba elincinci elisezantsi, inani labesifazane liphezulu kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa kukuba iimazi ezikhula ngokukhawuleza minyaka yonke ziyakhula.

Ngokumalunga nesimo semfuyo, abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba akusikho ngokwaneleyo isiseko sefowuni kubo okuthintela ukukhula kwabo, kunye nokuphuhliswa kwe-caviar, ngokubhekiselele kuloo abameli beli zityalo baphuma emva konyaka.

Umlambo weNayile

Umlambo weNayile yiyona iphambili enkulu emhlabeni. Ubude ubude ukuya kwiimitha ezimbini lo mntu ufinyelela, kwaye ubunzima bayo bunokugqitha ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-150.

Ngenxa yobungakanani bayo obukhulu, eli libheke liyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kunoma yiphi indawo yokuhlala. Itholakala ngokukodwa kwimilambo enjengeNayile, iNiger neCongo.

Kwakuyiminyaka engama-50 enkulungwane ye-19 ukuba i-perki ye-Nile yayibaluleke kakhulu kwiintlobo zezorhwebo. Walethwa kumachibi aseMpuma Afrika - iVictoria neTanganyika.

Ukongezelela, le ntlobo nayo yaqaliswa echibini lokufakelwa uNasser, apho lalinywa njengentlanzi yentengiso. Le ngqungquthela iphakathi kwabadobi-abadlali abazithandayo. Ngokumalunga nobukhulu bakhe obukhulu ngokungaqhelekanga kunye nomsindo othukuthelayo kunoma yimuphi umlobi, ungumdlalo owamkelekileyo. Ifoto yesona esona sikhulu sikhombiso sichazwe ngezantsi.

Umlambo weNayile udla ngokutya iintlanzi zezinye iintlobo, i-cancer, inambuzane. Kukho iimeko zokutya abameli abancinci babo. Ikhonkco eliqhayisayo livuya ngokugqoka ngokugqithiseleyo nokugqoka.

Ama-Anglers avela kwihlabathi lonke afika emifuleni nasemachibi aseAfrika ngenjongo enye - ukubamba lo mmeli omkhulu kakhulu. Yaye inyama yentlanzi iyinhle kakhulu.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe ukuba ngo-2002, umlobi wase-UK wakwazi ukubamba i-altare elikhulu leNayile emhlabeni, elilinganiselwa kuma-kilogram ayi-85. Ukongezelela, iLake Victoria yafumana i-deer ngokwemvelo (enkulu kunazo zonke), ubunzima obufikelela kuma-140 kilogram. Kwaye ichthyologists ithi oku akusiyo umda.

Kancinci malunga nokuzala

Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa ukuya kwi-degrees ezili-10 kwaye ukuphuma kweqhwa kuyisishukumisayo esihle sokutshiza umqubhe. Imiqathango enjalo iyimfuneko yokuvuthwa okupheleleyo kwamaqanda, njengoko kuxhomekeke kubukho bokutya kunye ne-oksijini emanzini.

Ukufuduka kwe-spawning kuyinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa ayikho imfuneko, iimeko. Umzekelo, i-perch, ehlala emanzini amnandi, ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna nje iindawo ezifudumalayo kunye neendawo ezingenanto. Kodwa abantu abahlala emanzini amancinci amancinci baya emanzini amancinci okuzalela, kuba i-caviar yabo iyanelisekile kwiityuwa (kwisisombululo se-saline siyafa ngenxa yokudambisa amanzi).

I-perch ye-spawn inexesha elingange-iveki. Inani lamaqanda kumabhinqa amakhulu lifikelela kuma-300,000, nangona ngokomyinge inani labo li malunga nama-20 ukuya kumawaka.

Kwizenzo zentlanzi

Enyanisweni, i-perch iyinhlanzi yesikolo. Kuphela abantu abaninzi kakhulu abagcinwa bodwa. Abantu abancinci ngokuqhelekileyo bangena ezikhulu, kunye nabantu abayi-100 kunye nempahla emfutshane. Nondla amaqanda amancinci amancinci kwezinye iintlanzi kunye nama-invertebrates. Ngoko ke, akulona ubungakanani kwipakethi ebalulekileyo, kodwa indawo enhle.

Abafana be-Perch bagcina imihlambi ye-5-20, kuba kuluhlu olufanayo kufana lula ukuzingela i-fry, kubangqongqo kunye nokudala uhlobo lweebilisi apho izilwanyana zilawuleka zilawule ukuzithiba phambi kwenkcitho enkulu kwaye ziqale ukuhlasela. "Ibhoyili" yokuloba i-optional ekhethekileyo, kodwa amathuba okubamba i-specimen enkulu ayikho enkulu.

Ekugqibeleni malunga neemfuno zendalo

Nantsi intlanzi enomdla ihlala kwiindawo ezininzi kunye nemifula yamaninzi amaninzi kumazwe amaninzi. Iqondo lokushisa kwamanzi elona liphezulu li-10-22 degrees Celsius. Ngokuncipha kokuncinci kweqondo lokushisa, umsebenzi wayo wehla, kodwa akuninzi. Nangona efile ebusika, uyaqhubeka esondla.