Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich: biography, usapho

I elizayo revolution Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich wazalwa ngo November 22, 1893 kwidolophana encinane Cabana, ukuba kwiphondo Kiev. Ulwazi malunga uyise entle. Kwi leSoviet, kwaye kugxininiswe ukuba Kaganovich weza ndiphuma kusapho oluhlwempuzekileyo. Noko ke, biographers mihla qaphela ziyaphikisana olu guqulelo lwe ubungqina kubantu ababezazi umntwana uLazaro. Ngoko ke, abanye babo wabiza uMoses Kaganovich Prasol - umthengi-up iinkomo neholo obukhulu.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Othe kuyise, hayi unyana elandelwayo emkhondweni wakhe. Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich njengoko umntwana waqalisa ukuba bagqwese wobuchule izihlangu. Iminyaka 14 wayesebenza mveliso wezihlangu. Kaganovich a a ri Muyuda, ezingenakulinganiswa kuchaphazela indawo yayo kuBukhosi Russian. Inkoliso yabantu yamaYuda kwanyanzeleka ukuba anyamezele Pale of Settlement kunye nothintelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, amaYuda amaninzi wangena revolution.

Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich kule ndlela akukho ngaphandle. Noko ke, iqela lakhe ukukhetha engaqhelekanga ukuba ungumYuda. Nangona abantu abangamaJuda endle ukujoyina i Anarchists, Mensheviks, njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo zoLuntu Bundists. ULazaro bamlandela emanyathelweni umzalwana wakhe omdala, uMikayeli, yaye ngowe-1911 ejoyina iiBolsheviks.

intsha yamaBolshevik

ubomi mfana waba ngumzekelo nje imeko olululo. Waye rhoqo wabanjwa ixesha elifutshane, yaye yamaBolshevik ukutshintsha rhoqo indawo yabo yokuhlala: .., Kiev, Ekaterinoslav, Melitopol, njl Kuzo zonke ezi zixeko Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich wadala izangqa iqela kunye nemibutho yabo bezicathulo kunye abasuki. Ngomhla olwandulela revolution wazinza Yuzovka. Ukusebenza kunye ukukhankasa kumzi-mveliso wezihlangu lasekuhlaleni, Kaganovich wadibana Nikitoy Hruschevym oselula. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuba igcinwe kwebala phezu iminyaka umsebenzi wakhe iqela.

Emva kokuba October Revolution Kaganovich waya Petrograd, apho kunyulwa kwiNdibano neqela kuluhlu ye'Bolsheviks. Kwixesha elizayo, wahlela imisebenzi agitational, kuquka asanda wadala Red Army. Xa imfazwe yamakhaya imfazwe, ilungu ngokwenene zaqala ukusebenza ngaphambili: e Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh kunye Central Asia.

In Turkestan Kaganovich waba lilungu RCP yasekuhlaleni (b) kwaye wangena iRevolutionary Military Council of the Turkestan Front. Party omcimbi wamiselwa ongusihlalo isixeko ibhunga Tashkent. At the Kaganovich efanayo wonyulwa ukuba Central Executive Committee RSFSR. Ngokungxama ngenxa ilungu leri nomenklatura aselula iqela akanakuhlala ngaphandle ingqalelo Stalin, ngelo xesha isikhundla sokuba Abantu Commissar for kwiintlanga.

henchman Stalin kaThixo

Phantsi uLenin oselula Kaganovich waba nomxhasi azinikele kukaStalin, ngokuxhasa kumzabalazo engaphakathi-party. Ungquzulwano phakathi iinkokeli ye'Bolsheviks imfazwe ngoko nangoko emva kokufa kwenkokeli kwakhe babengekaze ngo-1924. Stalin, ukulungiselela kokuyaphula noTrotsky kunye namanye amalungu kuye Politburo mnandi, waqalisa yonyusa nabalandeli bakhe. Koba yaba zisisibonelelo yolawulo, njengonobhala weKomiti Central ukuba zityumbe abantu bakhe ukuba izithuba ezibalulekileyo iqela.

Ndifumene indawo yayo kwesi skim Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Nolutsha nosapho igosa abotshwa ngokuqinileyo kunye Ukraine - kuba apho uNobhala Jikelele we-Central Committee oomasipala kucetyiswa ukuba Stalin. Nangona kungekho ukulawulwa oseke. Noko ke, amandla yaso wayengenangxaki isindululo, kwaye iqela wamkela kwindawo ebalulekileyo.

e Ukraine

Kanye e Ukraine, Lazar Kaganovich waqalisa ukufundela i-nkqubo nxamnye "Ukrainization" - .. Khuthaza inkcubeko lesizwe, isikolo, ulwimi, njl kwisikhundla sakhe esitsha yamaBolshevik ndafumana ezininzi abachasi hardware, ekwakukho phakathi uSihlalo Republican Council of Abantu Commissars Vlas Chubar kunye Commissar of Education Alexander Shumsky . Ngowe-1928, bona bangena endleleni yabo, kunye Stalin, Kaganovich ukhumbula eMoscow. Ngoxa unobhala jikelele ofisi Communist Party (iiBolsheviks) of Ukraine yenze wobuyiselo ezithile emva kweMfazwe Civil.

Guide collectivization

Ukubuyela elikomkhulu Kaganovich, Stalin amshiya cohort yakhe abasebenzi kunye nonobhala weKomiti eMoscow zeqela elimisiweyo. Ukongezelela, Lazar waphumelela indawo kwi- Politburo. IKomiti Central, waba linoxanduva lokujongana nezolimo. Nje Ekuveleni 20 kunye 30. abalimi wanyamezela ukuhluthwa. Kaganovich wayebukele indalo kweefama ezidityanelweyo. Le nto umntu onyanisekileyo kukaStalin kunye elilawulayo wenza uxanduva iphulo karhulumente ezintsokothileyo elalini.

Ukuze igalelo collectivization ka Kaganovich, omnye wabantu bokuqala ukufumana i ntsha Order of Lenin. Stalin, kwakhona uyohlwaywa ngabo ukuthembeka kwakhe, wenza uMongameli wakhe uTimoti zeKhomishoni, wenza ihlanjululwe enkulu iqela ka 1933-1934. Ngeli xesha Kaganovich wahlala e Moscow "ophetheyo" xa yinkokeli wemka ngenxa leeholide zehlobo kuLwandle Black.

Xa intloko yaBantu Commissariat of Railways

Ke wokuqala Unyaka-Five Plan. Ugqatso kwezoqoqosho ifumene ukusetyenziswa Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Biography omcimbi abuyonto ngaphandle ukukhankanywa komsebenzi sakhe, esemantloko of the People kaThixo Commissariat of Railways. Babekwe kule ndawo ngo-1935, wayeka isithuba yakhe kwiKomiti eMoscow zeqela. Izixhobo lobeko kwanikezwa ukwanda. Ukususela ngokombono Stalin, Kaganovich intshukumo Zingena kwinkqubo yayo, apho akazange buzinze ezandleni uTimoti izithuba ezininzi kakhulu kunye namandla.

Xa Lazar kwi yaBantu Commissariat of Railways ziphucukile kumanqanaba yendlela, kubalulekile ukuba maxesha ke ngenkani. Sakha iindlela ezintsha nehlaziyiweyo ezindala (inxenye kubo ukwimeko buhlungu ngenxa ubomi obude kunye nobunzima kweMfazwe Civil).

isakhiwo eMoscow

Ngokuba impumelelo yakhe Kaganovich wawongwa Order of Labour Banner. Ukongeza, ngo-1936 - iminyaka 1955. igama lakhe wayefake Moscow Metro (kamva wafumana igama Lenin). Yaba yaBantu Commissar of Railways owayeququzelela ukwakhiwa 'ngokufihlakeleyo "kwikomkhulu. Phantsi kolawulo lwakhe lwenziwa kunye kuvuselelwa eMoscow. City wafumana umfanekiso omtsha kwekomkhulu karhulumente sabasebenzi. Ngelo xesha, ababeziwisile iicawa ezininzi. Abantu Commissar le dubulo owayephethe indlu ka Krestu unguMsindisi.

Ngasekupheleni 30 Kaganovich ngaxeshanye waya amandla kunye namasebe kwezoqoqosho (amafutha enzima kunye namashishini oli). YaBantu Commissars (government) waba usekela-sihlalo yamaBolshevik comrade Molotov.

Kule minyaka zocindezelo

Ngowe-1937 Stalin lasungula iphulo elitsha engundoqo uthe kweli iqela kunye Red Army. Kaganovich, njengoko kufuneka, nangamandla akhe onke inkxaso inyathelo oyintloko. Yena zafaka ingcinezelo nje kuphela Abantu yayo Commissariat of Railways, kodwa wacela ukuba bajonge ukuba zihlaselwe iintshaba abantu ngamaxesha onke amanqanaba eluntwini eSoviet.

Kaganovich - ngumhlobo osenyongweni Stalin, ukufikelela kuluhlu, leyo shot kunye nemvume ubunkokheli beqela. Yokugcina yesicelo of abaninzi amaxwebhu zasayinwa yaBantu Commissar. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali babale kuphela abo shot idwelisa abantu 19.000. Okunye anjengokuthi Stalin baba Molotov, Voroshilov kunye Yozhov (kamva shot). Kaganovich wakhokela uthe kwaye emhlabeni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wahamba-1937 kwezinye iingingqi USSR (in Vol. H. Yaroslavl, Ivanovo kunye nommandla Kiev). Party omcimbi ndabandakanyeka kunye edume Katyn kubulawa - ukubulawa amagosa kwikhompyutha Polish.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, Kaganovich (njengoko Abantu Commissar of Railways) yayinoxanduva ukufudusa namashishini empumalanga kweli lizwe. Isihlabo inkulu lwabekwayo uluntu bakwaloliwe, apho bahlangabezana ngokubanzi ekwenzeni umsebenzi wabo. kushishino eSoviet wakwazi ngokukhawuleza ulungise umsebenzi ngasemva kwaye uqale zonke izinto eziyimfuneko ngaphambili. Ngowe-1942, yaBantu Commissar iqukiwe Military Council of the North abaseAfrika Front. Kodwa ubukhulu becala wasebenza eMoscow kwaye abafikayo emzantsi watyelela. Kanye e Tuapse, apho isithuba umyalelo ngexesha iziqhushumbisi, wathuthumela ngenxa eziyingozi kwi ingalo. Phambili Kaganovich yokumsukelisa kwakhe umsebenzi wakhe iinkundla zomkhosi kunye nabatshutshisi zomkhosi.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini imfazwe Stalin waqalisa kubandakanya iKomiti State lezoKhuselo amalungu amatsha. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Iincwadi mbali ibonisa ukuba akazange adlale indima enkulu T-amatyala kwaye mzobo ubukhulu becala wesiqhelo kunye nobugcisa.

ukulahleka kwamandla

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela Stalin, Kaganovich laqhuba ukuba kweso izithuba zikarhulumente phezulu. Njengoko "olungisa", wafakwa lijongane Ministry of Construction Materials Industry. Ukongezelela, Lazar wabuyela Politburo lwe CP CC (b) of Ukraine.

Emva kokufa kukaStalin , Kaganovich wathabatha umzabalazo party enogonyamelo. Ekuqaleni wayezixhasa kubulawe Beria. Noko ke, ngo-1957 kunye Molotov kunye Malenkov yaqukwa kwi "qela anti-Party 'ezitsha yaye yasuswa zonke izithuba zakhe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba Kaganovich, Khrushchev wayesazi ukususela kwixesha revolution kunye ngaxa amanye negalelo ekuphakameni kwakhe ukuba inani le nomenklatura kaStalin.

Owayesakuba Abantu Commissar wathumela ekuthinjweni yekhethelo e Asbestos, apho wahlala umsebenzi iqela. Ngowe-1961, waza ekugqibeleni wagxothwa kweliqela nokundulula esibizwa. Kaganovich ukwaluphala wachitha bodwa - nembonakalo yakhe ayikhange ibonakale elundini kwezopolitiko. Kakade ngexesha ngokutsha phambi kokuba akwazi ukufikelela zintatheli kwabhalwa iinkumbulo omnye kakhulu-oluphezulu amagosa Soviet le Stalin kwexesha. Owayesakuba Commissar wafa ngoJulayi 25, 1991 eneminyaka engama-97.

usapho

Njengabo bonke ilingane Stalin, Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich, ubomi lakhe siqu ihlanganiswa inkonzo, ndiye ndafumana idrama usapho ngaphezu kwesinye. umkhuluwa wakhe, uMikayeli, kuqala wajoyina yamaBolshevik Party, waye yaBantu Commissar of Aviation Industry USSR. Ngowe-1940 wasuswa e-ofisini yaye yakhupha isilumkiso. UMichael, sisazi ukuba kungekudala ukuze abe lixhoba le NKVD, waba wazibulala. nabanye abazalwana ababini Kaganovich luckier. AmaSirayeli wayesebenza kule zobisi inyama namashishini, noSirayeli yaBantu Commissariat of Trade Foreign.

umfazi Kaganovich ka-Maria Privorotsky wajoyina RSDLP ngo-1909 .. Kwi leSoviet, ukusebenza iimanyano zabasebenzi, wayiqhubela amakhaya abantwana yaye usekela le Moscow City Council. Xa uMariya useleganelwe kwimisebenzi agitational yomntu, wadibana nendoda yakhe elizayo Kaganovich Lazar Moiseevich. Abantwana besi sibini: intombi yakhe Maya (walungisa ukupapashwa memoirs kayise), neyamkelweyo nonyana, kaYuri.