Abalawuli Russian enkulu ngokulandelelanayo

Eli nqaku liza kuqwalasela abalawuli Russia, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Siya kuzama ukuba ziqaqambise imisebenzi kakhulu abathetheli, ookumkani nabalawuli. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho abafazi. Kuba iminyaka eliwaka, zininzi izinto ezitshintshileyo zikarhulumente Russian.

Makhe siye ngokusebenzisa milestones libalulekileyo kwimbali yelizwe lethu.

sokumiswa

Abalawuli ezinkulu Russian badlale indima ephawulekayo hayi kuphela kwiinkqubo zangaphakathi ukubunjwa sokumiswa. Abaninzi kubo baye abanegama kwezopolitiko ngamazwe. Umzekelo imveliso yelizwe kwibakala lehlabathi na utshintsho wabalawuli izihloko ze Duke kumlawuli.

izikhulu Novgorod

Okulandelayo uya thaca kunye nabanye abalawuli eRashiya. Ukuze yokulandelelana etroneni, wabanumzana, vysokorodstva kwindawo yokuqala zazisoloko Rurik. Yayingubani ngunozala hlobo? Edume ngexesha lokulawula yeenkosana Novgorod?

Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", izizwe Slavic wabiza neenkosana zakhe Normans. Baba Rurik kunye nabazalwana bakhe. Ibonakala kunye konung Rerik evela eDenmark.

Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe yabalasela ukwanda yempembelelo kwi izizwe kumazwe Novgorod, Ryazan kunye Murom. Indlalifa, wemka Igor minor, ungumgcini-efanayo xa yaba Amazwi Oleg.

umzabalazo yokugqibela odumileyo nxamnye Khazars, ukutshintshwa eyinkunzi ukuya Kiev ne iphumelele iphulo lokulwa Byzantium.

Olga

Umlawuli Imazi yokuqala eRashiya. Emva kokufa komyeni wakhe, Igor, kwafuneka ukuba athathe amandla ezandleni zabo. kamva Chroniclers uyakhumbula ngokuthi "ukusa phambi isifingo." Loo uthelekiso udinga ukuba ngowokuqala yezikhulu kuguqukela kubuKristu.

Njengoninzi abalawuli kwixesha ukusuka yesithoba kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinanye okanye unyaka wokuzalwa kwakhe, nendawo naluphi na uhlobo ngayo - akwaziwa. Kukho yeengcinga eziliqela.

Eyokuqala ithi ukuba yena bayinzala Vikings, wesibini - evela Pskov. Kukho nenye kwinguqulo Olga - intombi Olega Veschego. Yinto eyaziwayo nje ukuba wazalwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesithoba.

Waye utshate Igor, yena waphila iminyaka eliqela kwiiwadi, ayengawenzi malunga ebhodini. Kodwa emva kokufa kwakhe ngexesha yingqokelela lwesiqhelo inani Drevlyane, Olga waba imiyalelo kakhulu ngqo.

Into yokuqala awayenzayo yaba ukuziphindezela ngokutshabalalisa kakhulu Drevlyane oyiswe isizwe. Okulandelayo wayithabatha yokwanda koqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko eRashiya, kwakunye kubuKristu ngexesha uhambo eConstantinople.

Unyana wakhe, Svyatoslav, waza wahlala yobuhedeni, waza waqalisa ukulawula kwanaxa ubomi sikanina. ukuziphatha okunjalo - ukutshintsha ukholo - squad kunye nabantu abaninzi amanene of Kiev waqonda kakubi.

Kodwa lo sengqondo ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Kungekudala yonke into yatshintsha.

Vladimir Red Sun

Vladimir Svyatoslavich, ibizwa ngokuba Enkulu. Yintoni na odumileyo? Siye abakhankanywe kweli nqaku abalawuli abaninzi Russian. Umhla weBhodi lungabanjwa phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-yesithoba umlawuli lokugqibela, wadubula kwiBolsheviks. Kodwa Vladimir yenza isenzo eziphembelele ukukhula kwe-lizwe.

Uyayazi 988 babhaptizwa Rus. Loo ithuba lweziganeko negalelo rapprochement kunye Byzantium kunye isiqalo kokuyaphula eNtshona Yurophu kunye kumazwe aseMpuma.

Kookumkani neerhuluneli of Russia kwimbali yelizwe wenza izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Sokwandisa nezidibeneyo ummandla ukuze alwe utshaba, abathintela loo mvukelo, kodwa kwasondeza inkulu yabantu kuye ngokuthi "Red Sun". Yaba uthando lwakhe nokuqonda amagcisa ezilula kunye nabalimi, kwakunye ukuphakamisa umgangatho yenkcubeko eRashiya ngegama Vladimir wahlala ukutyhubela iminyaka.

Ukongeza, yena lamiselwa.

Yaroslav Mudry

Enye iinkosana mkhulu kwimbali lweZwekazi looMawokhulu - Yaroslav, nyana Vladimira Velikogo, ebengabhaptizi Rus. Yena idume ngeso bakhohlisa abantu kwezemfundo "mnyama", kwakunye ngenxa umtshato abantwana babo babe olomeleleyo wahlobana amazwe aseYurophu.

Yintoni eyaziwayo namhlanje ngale ndoda enkulu?

De kube ngoku, kukho iimbambano malunga umhla wokuzalwa Jaroslav. Ukuba nithe nandibuyisa kunye data evela yeziKronike ezininzi, singatsho kakuhle ukuba wazalwa phakathi kweminyaka 983 no 986.

Waqala wobukumkani bakhe kunye Rostov, apho "kubeka phezu kwetafile" uyise. iziganeko Eminye ngendlela efanayo, njengoko benza bonke abalawuli Russian. Ngokulandelana kwazo, behamba ukulawula oonyana Vladimir, ukusuka abadala omncane. Ngoko ke inyathelo elilandelayo (emva kokufa yenkulu Novgorod Vysheslav, umkhuluwa) yaba ukutshintshwa Yaroslav e Novgorod.

Ezi iiphiriyodi ezimbini kakuhle olukhanyayo ngokwaneleyo. Of umdla ezinkulu iziganeko emva imvukelo yakhe noyise, iTshawe Kiev. UVladimir wafa, waza zicinezelwa eMasa. Emva kokufa kwakhe, iqala nomzabalazo ikomkhulu Kiev.

Svjatopolka waqhubeka imiqobo kunye Cumans kunye Jaroslav waqesha Vikings. Ngenxa ye lokulwa 1019 Yaroslav waba prince of Kiev.

Ngeli xesha ke waqhubeka ukusukuzana Polovtsy (Nozipho Cathedral, ngasendleleni, wabeka wokuwonga elaa uloyiso phezu kwabo). Kwaye uqinisa ukutshata kunye namazwe angaphandle. Wayenabantwana abalishumi - oonyana abasixhenxe neentombi ezintathu. Elizabeth, Anastasia kunye Anna satshata eNorway, Hungary kunye neFransi, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Kubo oonyana ababini kuphela washiywa kucingwa ukuba kwamanye amazwe. Izyaslav ePoland, kunye Vsevolod eGrisi, kamva wazala unyana, Vladimir Monomakh.

Asingabo bonke abalawuli Russia neRashiya liyi ukuba "Umalume" ngabalawuli ezininzi yaseYurophu ngexesha lakhe.

nguDmitry Donskoy

Kulikov edabini, mhlawumbi isiganeko idumileyo ebukumkanini abalawuli Russia. Kwathi ngo 1380. It is a idabi chithi «i». Ukususela ngelo xesha, impangele waba umdlali ebalulekileyo kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Hlokondiba, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Byzantium aqale emsebenzini nayo.

Yintoni eyaziwayo nguDmitry Donskoy? Yintoni eyayiphembelela ukuyilwa inkokeli yomkhosi loo elumkileyo uphumelele? Makhe sijonge phambili.

I-Grand Prince elizayo eMoscow Vladimir wazalwa eMoscow ngo-1350. umgcini yakhe Metropolitan Alexei, nto leyo enefuthe ukubunjwa nguDmitry.

Kunye bokudlala amanene nokuzinikela kwakhe ibhodi karhulumente ka ithe yabola ngenxa ye-Golden mkhosi. Emva kokufa Berdibek nomzabalazo ngamandla. Kodwa Dmitri kunjalo ufumana emfutshane kulawulo Khan. In Russia inkxaso candidacy wakhe, ukongezelela eMoscow, Nizhny Novgorod izibandakanya endaweni Vladimir. imenza yokugqibela ukwahlula ulawulo.

Isisombululo esimbaxa kuba yinganga yaba ukungathobeli evulekileyo mkhosi Khan. Oku kwenzeka xa Lithuanian-mkhosi Union ligqibe ukuba uTimoti Vladimir. Dmitriy wahlanganisa umkhosi wakhe, weza nxamnye imposter.

Ngelo xesha linye i-Duke Ozukileyo uye nokudityaniswa zamazwe ngeenxa eMoscow. Njengoko imbali weRashiya, nobabaphathi beli xesha ndawo becala odityanisiweyo we izilawuli saa zibe bengatshatanga.

Ukungathobeli ibutho Khan bamqumbisa yokugqibela. Mamay uqokelela amajoni aye eRashiya. Endleleni, yena kusihlutha i Ryazan ukubusa. Kwicebo Khan yaba ukuhlasela joint kwi eMoscow, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba Lithuanians, mercenaries ngamaRoma kunye Ryazan. Kodwa nguDmitry Donskoy wasibona ithuba enjalo kweziganeko, walile ukuba ndothulele umnqwazi loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, aphuma amajoni ukuba ganga ngoku Mama. Eyona njongo ephambili kudibana edabini kunye Khan ngaphandle namahlakani ayo.

Idabi kwenzeka kummandla ezikwere zeekhilomitha ezilishumi Kulikovo (namhlanje ummandla kummandla Tula). Ngenxa yoko, phantse "uloyiso Pyrrhic" elo. Prince akazange aqhubeke ukufuna kwaphulwa Khan kwakuthetha ilahleko enkulu. Noko ke, Mamaia Tokhtamysh wadibana endleleni eya eCrimea, baza ukoyiswa lokugqibela.

Ukuba a Khan Tokhtamysh epheleleyo-epheleleyo incoko iya eMoscow, esitsala kuyo, kodwa nguDmitry uyavuma ukuba kulondolozwe kumazwe Russian zomthonyama wakhe ngenxa unikelo. Kamva, waqalisa ukuseka ubudlelwane kunye Grand Duchy of Lithuania ukuba simchase mkhosi Khan.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uludwe amagama abalawuli Russian nguDmitry Donskoy liya kuba phakathi iphambili. Wayekwazi nje ukuqhubeka ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba emva Ivanom Kalitoy, kodwa yabangela ukoyiswa kakhulu i-Golden mkhosi mkhulu kunene, wakha ezimhlophe-ilitye eMoscow Wazomeleza amaqhina dynastic kunye eMpuma Yurophu.

Ivan Grozny

Njengomlawuli elandelayo, esiza kuxubusha kamva, uIvan Grozny waba inani ephawulekayo kwimbali. Ngokusemthethweni, waba yokugqibela "Grand Duke" kwaye lokuqala "Kumkani All Russia."

nemvelaphi yakhe nje emangalisayo. Kwaba ihlanganiswa sodidi Rurik, Mamaia (umseki Glinskikh) kunye Palaeologus (ababekwe abalawuli Byzantine). Ngoko musani ukuyiqhayisela abalawuli abaninzi Russian. Ngokulandelana kwazo imisebenzi Ivan IV sibheka phambili.

Ngokusemthethweni, iNkosana Grand, waba iminyaka emithathu, kodwa bukumkani abathanjisiweyo elinesithandathu. anyukele kwetrone zadityaniswa umdla abaninzi. Okokuqala, wayefuna kulawula. Okwesibini, Metropolitan Macarius wayefuna ukuqinisa Orthodox, apho zehla kancinane kwelo xesha. Okwesithathu, Byzantium kwakufuneka sizana kwaye kukholeleka ukuba ukumamela uluvo soMhlekazi.

Enyanisweni, uIvan wazibonakalisa ukumkani ozimeleyo, enamandla ababuqiqileyo nomphathi. Njengoko imbali weRashiya, ukomeleza iirhuluneli karhulumente okanye uzibhuqabhuqe oliqhophololo lwangaphakathi nazo ezininzi ngaphambili wadala. E Grand Duke efanayo zadityaniswa zombini ezi mpawu.

Ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe wenza uhambo phantse bonke abamelwane. Livonian Order and Krymskoe Hanstvo, eSweden, Kazan kunye Astrakhan. Amanye amaphulo aye aba yimpumelelo, uninzi - hayi. Ingxaki engundoqo yaba ungquzulwano kunye ithi yaseYurophu.

Inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokuqala, yonke into ihamba kakuhle: uMyalelo woyiswa, i iCrimea khan lamoyisa. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha oprichnina, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi, bonke bewela phandle. Ukumkani yokuqhelanisa kwakhona iingxaki zasekhaya wanikela elifut- iintshaba amazwe.

Ngenxa yoko, emva kweshumi elide yemfazwe Russia waphulukana onke amazwe kuthinjwa entshonalanga, wanika yinxalenye kamasipala, ezijeca ngoko ukungena elwandle. Nxamnye nokuthanda abazalwana kakumkani Ermak Stroganoff bababamba iindawo ezinkulu eSiberia ngaphezu yanceda urhulumente kakhulu.

Masibhale Ngoku sithethe ngalo oprichnina. Yaba intshukumo sezopolitiko kukumkani, apho wayefuna ukwenza neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo, ususe zonke izinduna zaneliswe. Kule minyaka oprichnina babulawa yaye batyakatywa usapho ezininzi baziincamisa.

Xa intloko nonogada bema Malyuta Skuratov, olubalaseleyo abantu baqalisa intloko inja kunye pomelo ebotshelelwe ihashe undim.

Ingxaki eli xesha kukuba injongo oprichnina zakhe kufikelelwe, waza watyala "isiphithiphithi enkulu ingxabano phakathi kwabantu." Kangangokuba, ukuba Ivanu Groznomu waba unyaka ukuba etroneni eMoscow Khan ukuba niphume kule meko. Kunyaka ka imini yamva "Grand Duke" ukumkani ndalahla nonogada ezininzi eziphakamileyo, wabonisa abantu banabo abalawuli kubi.

Ngexesha lolawulo ngabalawuli Russian abazange babe ngesothuso lwangaphakathi kangangokuba benze Ivan Grozny. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uye negalelo phantsi amandla kukarhulumente kunye yokusiwa kwee onke amazwe ukuya ngasentshona.

Ngaloo ndlela, ubukumkani Ivan waqala ukuthatha soyise, kodwa akakwazanga ukumelana "izinduna free-iingcinga," yaye zibandakanyeke amelana. Le nto ke iye wazisa ilizwe ekuncipheni.

Peter I

Ukususela Peter I, abalawuli ezinkulu kwegama Russian kaKesare. Yena ngokwakhe, enyanisweni, yaba wokugqibela ababethwele kwisihloko yokumkani.

Ngokubanzi, uvavanyo labaphandi ngokunxulumene nemisebenzi yayo bohluke. Abanye bathi kuye mkhulu wabaHlaziyi, abanye ivakalise malunga ngqo, kwaye kabukhali wagxeka umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kule minyaka wobukumkani bakhe.

Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni eyabangela ncomo ezahlukeneyo.

Peter A. waye umntwana elinesine kayise, Alexei Mikhailovich. Ukuntsonkotha ityala lakhe walala yokuba unina wakhe Natalia Naryshkin, umfazi wesibini kakumkani. Loo nto itrone yakhe angaya kuphela njengecebo lokugqibela.

Esengumntwana, uPetros wafumana imfundo ihlwempu, ngenxa ukudideka phakathi abefundisi waphakamisa oomabhalane yayo yesiqhelo. Noko ke, izikhewu kulwazi sethiyori ngokulula wenziwe ngenxa yokusebenza kamva, nangona yena wabhala ubomi bakhe bonke ekulahlekisweni.

indlela lakhe ulawulo yaqala emva imvukelo Archer, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni twist umdla kwimbali Russia. Xa ngokuthi of musketeers, ukuya etroneni sele etyalwe ngexesha elifanayo ookumkani ababini. Eyokuqala yaba ungumzalwana omkhulu Ivan ukusuka Sofia Alekseevna, uPetros yesibini. Namhlanje ungabona kwi Izikrweqe wetrone zabo ezimbini.

Emva Nozipho lade ngendima umgcini, uNatalia Naryshkin kunye nonyana wakhe wathunyelwa kwidolophana yoTshintsho, apho uPetros wachitha kwasebuncinaneni bakhe.

Kulapha umlawuli elizayo lwaya indima umphathi omkhulu nesazi-nzulu. Yena uthwele umdlalo lamajoni kwihlabathi yokwenene kwaye kudala ezishelifini Ukuhlekisa Usebenziso.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, uPetros uba usongo Queen Sofia. Uzama ukuphelisa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba umkhosi ngokwelo inkosana entsha, umlawuli wabhukuqwa yaye elubhacweni eMonastri.

Eyokuqala into uPetros emva kokufika kwakhe ngamandla, yaba kuthinjwe Azov. Ngoku avula ndiye Azov kunye Black Seas.

Kodwa ukuba akhuphisane iintshaba bamazwe, ezifana Ottoman, ngoxa Russia abakwazanga. Ngoko ke, ukumkani ithumela oselula elunge eYurophu "uqeqesho", yaye kungekudala uya yena.

UPetros - umlawuli wokuqala Russian owangenela phambili inkqubela. Akumangalisi bathi ukuba "wavula ifestile eYurophu" kunyaka apho batyelela aseBalti, eNetherlands, eOstriya, eNgilani. Injongo yale ofisi yayiza kufumana namahlakani kumlo nxamnye Ottoman.

Kodwa ukongeza lamaphulo ongunozakuzaku uPetros imikhumbi kodwa kakuhle, ndatyelela Foundry, ndaqhelana kwimisebenzi yePalamente British.
Isiphumo yalo mnqophiso wayengekho imfazwe Ottoman, njengoko kusenokubonakala, kwaye yokuqhelanisa kwakhona ngokupheleleyo umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente Russian. Ngoku izinto ukumkani yabe kwi aseBalti.

Emva ekhaya, ukumkani eziliqela iinguqu, ezifana izinduna iindevu uchetyiwe "ngendlela yaseYurophu." Ukongeza, waphathwa Unyaka Omtsha yokubhiyozela ngoJanuwari 1.

Eminye imicimbi phambili kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Uloyiso in Northern kwiMfazwe eSweden, niye kwibhanya-Ottoman, Iran, ukuphuhliswa eSiberia. Isiphumo yezi zenzo yaba inguqu Russia ukusuka kurhulumente yesiqhelo aphakathi ibe ubukhosi enkulu.

UPetros wathabatha kwisihloko mlawuli yokuqala eRashiya. Ixesha ookumkani phezu. Urhulumente sangena kwibakala lehlabathi.

Akumangalisi bathi ukuba uPetros I Omkhulu - umlawuli ilungileyo Russia. Ifanelwe ngokupheleleyo isihloko impumelelo ebomini bakhe.

uCatherine II

Omnye umntu obaluleke eziphembelele ukukhula ngakumbi ngamandla ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ilizwe ehlabathini, waba Sofiya Angalt-Zerbst, akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba Orthodox engaganiweyo uCatherine.

Wazalelwa kwintsapho yesikhulu saseJamani. ERashiya kwaba yintando yendalo. Ummpress, ekhangela umyeni wakhe unyana wakhe, wakhetha u-candidate.
Unina waxoshwa e-Russia "njengentlola ngokuthanda iPrussia", kodwa oku kungabikho ukuthintela uCatherine ukuba abe ngumfazi kaPeter III.

Ekuqaleni i-Empress ekuqaleni ayifanelekanga kwintsapho entsha.

Ukulandelelana kwabalawuli baseRashiya kwakuye kwahluka, kodwa ngokuziphatha komyeni wakhe noninazala. UPetros wasuka ngokukhawuleza kuCatherine, eyabangela kakhulu ukubonakala kweentando zakhe, kunye nobudlelwane obufihlakeleyo kunye neBrithani.

Njengoko ukuthandwa kwentombazana yaseJamani kwimizila ebalulekileyo yenkampani enkulu yanda, ukuzithemba ku-emperor kwawa kuphela. Ingqumbo yayisisigqibo sikaPetros emva kokufa kukaElizabethe. Emva kokuwina amaninzi ekunqobeni kwimfazwe nePrussia, ubonisa isivumelwano esingenakunceda. Ibuyisela intsimi yokugqibela, kwaye iyanxulumana neDenmark.

Yona mgaqo-nkqubo kaPetros omfutshane owawunceda uCatherine ukuba aqhube. Ngoxhaswa nge-Anglo-French inkxaso kunye nenkxaso yomkhosi, waba ngumbuso omtsha waseRussia.

Abalawuli besifazane baseRashiya babedla ngokubandakanya imisebenzi yabo nenkcubeko, kunye nokuqiniswa kwezithethe ezikhoyo. UCatherine akazange asiyeke loo ndlela. Yena, ngoncedo lweenkokeli ezivela kwimikhosi yamagosa aphezulu, wandise intsimi yelizwe ngexabiso likaNovorossia kunye noRzeczpospolita.

Ukongezelela, umzuzu obalulekileyo yile ngcaciso yeMpress kunye nabafundi baseFransi. Kwamnceda kakhulu uCatherine ukuba abe ngumfanekiso welizwe elizayo elinabantu abafundisiweyo.

Ukunciphisa ixesha lokulawula kwakhe kwakunobulungisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo i-empress yahamba malunga nezintandokazi kunye nabathandi bakhe, zanikela iziza, iidolophana, zichitha i-treasury. Ukuziphatha okunjalo kubangele ukuphuhliswa kobuqhetseba kwilizwe.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sithatha umfanekiso wolawulo lukaCatherine oMkhulu ngokubanzi, ngoko sinokuthi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba wayelawula ilizwe kwi-veinism e- absolutism. Kuyafana nakumazwe aseYurophu.

UNicholas II

Kwiimbali kunye neenkwenkwezi zenzululwazi, apho abalawuli baseRussia bathetha ngokulandelelana, igama likaNicholas II livalela umkhosi wokunqoba wabalawuli. Emva kwakhe, iinduna ze-proletariat zihamba ngokusesikweni.

Umlawuli wokugqibela waseRashiya ukhumbula ntoni inzala?

UNicholas II wawa unenviable. Ukususela esemncinci okhuliswe ngumoya wenceba kunye nenkonzo kwi-Fatherland, waphoqeleka ukuthatha umthwalo onzima emahlombe akhe. Namhlanje abaphandi abaninzi bathambekele ekucingeni ukuba ekuqaleni akafuni ukusayina i-manifesto kwaye athathe iinqongo zikaRhulumente ezandleni zabo.

Kubonwa kakhulu kwaye kungekhona kakhulu, abalawuli kunye nabacingisi, abakhanyayo kunye nabatshayili. Bonke babengabalawuli baseRashiya. Ngendlela yokulandelana, bajonga imfundo kwaye bome. Siza kuzama ukukhangela ebomini bombusi wokugqibela ukusuka kwinqanaba elithile.

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, uNicholas II wayeqhelekile kwimfazwe, nangona ulaka lwakhe lwaluzolile, lube noluxolweni kwaye lube nolungileyo. Ukudibanisa iimpawu kubangele ukufikeleleka komlawuli onobulumko noxanduva.

Ngethuba leminyaka ka rhu lumente, wakwazi ukukhokela eli lizwe kwinqanaba lezoqoqosho, xa umbuso waseRussia uthatha indawo yokuqala kwiluhlu lwamaninzi aphuhlisiwe. I-soft, ihlala ixhomekeke kwimpembelelo yabacebisi kunye nabahlobo bakhe. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuzange kuthintele iphulo lakhe eliphambili kwiMpuma Ekude, imfazwe neJapan kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala.

Ukwakhiwa kwezitimela, ukulungiswa koqoqosho, ukuphucula imeko yabasebenzi. Olu luhlu oluthile lwegalelo lakhe ekuphuhlisweni kwelizwe. Kodwa akukho nto inokuthintela ukunganeliseki kwabantu. Izixhobo ezinobulungisa bezijikeleza ngokubanzi, kwaye abantu babezimisele ngokutshintsha imeko yezemicimbi.

Konke oku kubangele kwiNguqulelo kaFebhuwari, nangemva kweNguqulelo ka-Oktobha. Ngomnyaka we-1917, walahla itrone kwaye yena kunye nentsapho yakhe babanjwa phantsi. Emva koko, uRhulumente oNgezelelweyo uyabathumela eTobolsk. Kwaye ngoJulayi 1918, phantsi kweYekaterinburg, yonke indlu yasebukhosini yadutshulwa yiBolsheviks.

Kukho iinguqulelo apho omnye okanye abantwana abaningana bakwazi ukuphuma, kodwa akukho namnye kubo oqinisekiswayo.

Kule nqaku banikwe abalawuli baseRashiya bevela eRurik ukuya kumlawuli wokugqibela uNiclas II weGazi. Nangona kunjalo, wayenokuvuselelwa kwaye usekwe njengosanta.

Ngaloo ndlela, siyazi kakuhle ngokukhawuleza amaphepha aqaqambileyo evela kwimbali yoMama wethu.