Radio ceba: iiphazili zembali

Le impikiswano owasungula unomathotholo obuzenza eminyaka. Kwi-West bakholelwa ukuba ubuqambi fanele ukuba sisazinzulu Italian Marconi. Russia wabeka phambili umgqatswa yaso - Aleksandra Popova. Ngoko ke ngubani na ke umbhali le fyabo?
Imbali yonke into eyaba olukhulu ubuncinane isibini - contenders ezintathu ukuba negunya. Kunomathotholo, uyakwazi ukuthetha into enye.
receiver A. yehlabathi yokuqala S. Popov thaca Meyi 7, 1885 eSt Petersburg sixeko.
Marconi wenza iseshoni radio yokuqala ngo-1896, kodwa ifowuni igqibelele ngakumbi. uluhlu uphawu malunga nekhilomitha enesiqingatha, lo gama isixhobo Popov abagubungela iimitha ezingama-250 kuphela.
Zombini abaqambi, bethetha ulwimi kwezemidlalo, baba 'intloko entloko "phantse.
Nangona Alexander Stepanovich lwagqibelela wokusungula kwaye ihlolwe endle, a Italian ekhawulezayo likwazile ukuqala imveliso kwezixhobo isityalo telegraphy ezingenazingcingo eNgilani, yaye ngowe-1909 babesele bawongwa ngeMbasa kaNobel kuyilo "yakhe".
Kubonakala ukuba umbuzo owasungula radio kunokuthathwa lavalwa, kodwa akukho ilula kakhulu. Komxholo othi "Ngubani owavela kunomathotholo yokuqala" iye yaqhubeka. Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe Marconi, umfuziselo theoretical irediyo Nikola Tesla ibalwe. Hi ndlela leyi, yamachiza Serbian uthe wazo enkundleni. Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuphela Second World War, i-American iNkundla Ephakamileyo iye yayiqwalasela lomfundi ovela kwelinye Serbian ezifanayo yokuqala Umsunguli kunomathotholo.
Ngubani owavela kunomathotholo ebomini? Ngenxa yokuba ngoku zicelo kunye yi Nikola Tesla, ngubani iphuhlise imodeli theoretical component. Kodwa kwenzeka ukuba akukho bonke. Kwangokunjalo 1896 e Kolkata Scientist George. Bose laqalisa isixhobo efanayo ezithwala isandi mgama. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, i-Indiya wenza intetho kwintlanganiso ziinzululwazi Royal Society.
Ngokutsho amanqaku ngembali, Marconi wadibana eLondon kunye noMnu bose. Abanye umrhanelwa ushlogo Italian ukuba nje wayiba Indian notebook yakhe ngemizobo waboleka ingcamango coherer mercury.
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-Italian akazange akwazi ukuchaza indlela umdla njengoko waba nako ukusombulula ingxaki amaza erediyo, ecanda imiqobo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, wazithoba isixhobo ukuba phantse i-ezifanayo ngqo ngoko wadala bose.
Ngenxa yoko, Kungaphikiswa ukuba umbuzo owasungula koonomathotholo uvuliwe namhlanje. UMnu Marconi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, unyana ka ngabazali afumileyo, yaye iphuma ngoko yorhwebo kuwo yasungulwa ngokwaneleyo. Ngoko ke wangxama ukuba afumane igunya okuvelisiweyo, lo gama izazinzulu AS Popov noYohane. Bose imali okanye udumo abanamdla ngokukhethekileyo.
Hi ndlela leyi, Alexander Popov akazange athi kuba discoverer yetayitile radio. Luzuko wawanika Nikola Tesla, bekholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe theoretical yenza isiseko kokusungulwa.
Isixhobo Oliver Lodge, ogama lakhe nalo rhoqo uvela kuluhlu abayili radio, nabo bonke imisiwe phantsi scheme Popov, lowo ngelo xesha babesele wabonakala kwiijenali zenzululwazi.
Eminye imithombo zinika ulwazi kwimbalelwano yokuqala engenangcingo wasungula umlimi eqhelekileyo ukususela eKentucky. Hi ndlela leyi, wenza iminyaka 4 kwe Popov kunye Marconi ngaphambili. Kodwa uMnu Stubblefield ke akunakwenzeka ukuba kufumaneke isihloko Umsunguli irediyo, isixhobo wakhe babesebenza kumgaqo yoqheliso.
Ababhali-mbali abaninzi, kunye nabantu nje onengqondo, umbuzo zabhalwa Marconi kokusungulwa radio ebekela enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-Italian weasely ummangalelwa kuphela ngokweba uphuhliso nabanye abantu ngokwenzululwazi, kodwa yokuba wachitha ixesha elide ukupha udliwano zonke iintlobo iimpapasho, adumileyo wazinikela ngenxa izimvo zabo kunye nemibono Nikoly Tesla. Yaba kuquka ukosuleleka engenazingcingo yamandla.

Xa ebuzwa into kwemoto irediyo, kakhulu, unokuphendulwa ngeendlela ezimbini. I-Russian Day Radio yabhiyozelwa ngo May. Noko ke, xa kokusungulwa yocingo engenangcingo nerediyo, ekwimo yayo yesiqhelo, wabonakala kuphela ngo-1921.