Imbali ye-Eiffel Tower eParis

I-Eiffel Tower, uphawu eParis, inembali enzima. Okokuqala, akuyi kukholekisa, ngoko kusetyenziswa, kodwa ngoku bacinge ngaphandle eyinkunzi French ongengowale ndalo emangalisayo.

indawo

Uphawu idumileyo ka Paris, enika isixeko nembono eqhelekileyo ihlabathi, ukwakweli Field Mars, owayesakuba ekundleni emkhosini, ethe aguqulwe ipaki elihle. Yahlulahlulwe yaba iindledlana, ezihonjiswe kwamachibi amancinane kunye neebhedi intyatyambo. Bethabathela malungana nenqaba na ibhulorho ka Jena. design openwork bendawo siyabonakala amanqaku amaninzi eParis, nangona ekuqaleni kwacetywa Eifel na. Ende kwakufuneka enze umsebenzi enye - ukuba abe umnyango engaqhelekanga Wehlabathi Fair.

imvume Project kunye nokuqeshwa loyilo

Imbali ye-Eiffel Tower yaqala ngenkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha. Ngowe-1889, i-Expo yeHlabathi eza kubanjwa kwikomkhulu French. Lo mcimbi obaluleke gqitha eli lizwe. Kuye luphelelwe ungqamane lwekhulu leminyaka emva aphume le Bastille , kwaye nezokugqibela iinyanga ezi-6.

Enye yeenjongo zale mboniso - umboniso ezintsha zobugcisa, ngoko ke abasunguli ezikhuphisanayo eminqubeni, iprojekthi siya kuba lula ukubonakalisa elizayo. Umnyango mboniso wawuza kuba Arch. Abakhi bacelwa ukuba ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa idrafti, nto leyo iya kubonisa amandla zobugcisa beli lizwe kunye impumelelo zobunjineli.

Nikela ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kolu khuphiswano ukusuka kulawulo izindawo lizifumane zonke lobunjineli kunye noyilo ngeentengo wesixeko, kuquka nguGustave Eiffel. Akabanga izisombululo esele zenziwe, waza wagqiba ukujonga into efanelekileyo iiprojekthi inqunyanyisiwe. Kukho into kulo, wafumanana mzobo wenqaba ende, eyenzelwe uMaurice Keshlenom, umhleli wakhe. Nge esakhiweni Emile Nuge yaye yagqitywa kwaye zingeniswe nomlo Eiffel. Iinjineli onobuqili lokuqala lwaqala kunye bemeko- yeprojekthi lomenzi kuyo waza wayithenga evela Keshla no Nuge. Ngenxa yoko, ilungelo elikhethekileyo yelifa phezu kweenqaba zemizobo wegqitha waya nguGustave Eiffel.

Olu khuphiswano yaphakanyiswa iiprojekthi ezininzi ezinomdla kunye impikiswano, kunye nembali Eiffel Tower kwaye ayikwazanga ukuqala. utshintsho Engineering eyenziwe kuyilo ukuyenza zokuhombisa ngakumbi, kunye contenders ezine ezisele ekupheleni ikhomishini kukhuphiswano bakhetha kuye.

Eiffel Tower - umnyaka zigaba ekuqaleni yokwakha kunye ulwakhiwo

Ukwakhiwa isakhiwo omkhulu waqala January 28, 1887. Wawuqala iminyaka emibini, iinyanga ezimbini iintsuku ezintlanu. Ngaloo mihla ngesantya esiphezulu ibonwe. Ichaza zonke imizobo ngendlela ophezulu, nto leyo ngobulumko ubungakanani ngqo ukhankanyiwe ngaphezulu kwama-18 amawaka iinkcukacha zokwakha. Ukongeza, ukukhawulezisa isantya umsebenzi, Eifel isicelo inxalenye olwalusele kwenqaba. rivet kwezigidi ezibini ezinesiqingatha asetyenziswa ukudibanisa zonke iinkcukacha zokwakha. Iinxalenye pre-ngiswe mingxuma rivet sele seligrunjiwe, yaye uninzi lwabo sele lusekiwe, leyo ikhawulezisa ibandla.

Eiffel walungiselelwa ukuba akukho namnye imiqadi pre-ababelotyiwe kunye nezinye iinxalenye isakhiwo hayi ekhathaza kweetoni ngaphezulu kwe-3 - ukuze kube lula phakamisa milenge. Xa ukuphakama inqaba liyalambatha ngamaseko angaphakathi anika ubungakanani izixhobo ngokuziphakamisa, aye kokuncedwa wezakhiwo-esenzelwe ngokukodwa milenge nendlwana adlulele yimiqolo, wadalwa ukuze ikheshi elizayo.

Eyona nto inzima kakhulu nguGustave Eiffel zange ukusebenza phezulu, ngo-300 eemitha ephakame kunye nokwakhiwa iqonga isakhiwo sokuqala. Sand-ezaliswe isilinda metal ukuxhasa ubunzima kwiintsika ezine bethana. Ngcembe uzakukhupha isanti, ukuba zingacwangciswa kwi kwindawo echanekileyo. Xa oku kwenziwe, iqonga kuqala ukufakwa tyaba.

Iindleko imisebenzi phezu ulwakhiwo Inqaba phantse zizigidi 8 franc. iindleko kokwakha ifunyanwe ngexesha lo mboniso (6 months).

Ubunzima kunye nobukhulu izakhiwo

Eiffel Tower kwakhona emingaphi iimitha ophezulu? It obeziimitha ezili-300, yaye ngakumbi eziwela ukuyila kunye nobukhulu lwalo oqingqiweyo of Liberty (93 eemitha kunye lenyengane kwamanqwanqwa).

Yaye iimitha ezininzi kangakanani high Eiffel Tower na ngoku? Emva kokufakela i-eriyali entsha yaba leemitha-24 ngaphezulu. Ubunzima iyonke Tower amawaka 10 neetoni. Ngalinye ukupeyinta isakhiwo xa ukhula ubunzima ngomnye kwiitoni ezingama-60.

Bayahlelwa inqaba emva mboniso sengqondo baseParis

Phantsi imvumelwano zisayinwa Eiffel, nenqaba kwafuneka ukuba lidilizwe kwiminyaka engama-20 emva kokuba umsebenzi wokwakha. impumelelo yawo ngokuca- - ngexesha mboniso abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini ziye wayefuna ukubona ulwakhiwo ngokuhlakanipha yayingekho efana ehlabathini. Kulo nyaka, oko ikwazile ukuba kubuyiswe inkoliso iindleko zokwakha. Kodwa ke baziswa iindwendwe abazange ukwabelana nezazi ubuchule ka Paris. Eiffel Tower (France wayengazi ngaphezu yakuphikisana nezimvo malunga naziphi na ezinye izibonelelo) ukuba kubakho ukungavisisani phakathi kwamagcisa kunye nababhali. Babecinga ukuba ugly, ngathi kwitshimini mveliso, yaye boyika ukuba enokwaphula inkangeleko eyodwa ka Paris, owenziwe kangangeenkulungwane.

Imbali ye-Eiffel Tower ugqibele Ukususwa kwalo, ukuba akukho ilixa kanomathotholo. Kwi-eriyali yerediyo zafakelwa isakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo iye yazuza ixabiso ephambili. Ngomhla ukudilizwa nenqaba ngoku nako ukuthetha. Ngowe-1906, i-Eiffel Tower obekwe kwisikhululo sikanomathotholo, yaye ngowe-1957 kwakukho eriyali TV phezu kwalo.

Inkcazelo Eiffel Tower kunye nezizathu awohluke kokwakhiwa kwayo

Umgangatho ophantsi yi ukwakhiwa iphiramidi. It ukhandwa kwiintsika ezine bethana. On kubo uphumle isikwere lokuqala (65 ubukhulu meters) iqonga yenqaba leyo inde. Uyazixhasa azinike idityaniswe nasemagumbini tracery enhle. Higher kwiintsika ezine liqonga yesibini. Neentsika ezine kwinqaba aqale iyahlangana senginginya nodibaniso phantsi komxholo omkhulu. It liqonga wesithathu. Singasentla esiphezu kunye yokudlalela encinane ngaphezulu kancinane nje kwemitha ubukhulu.

Kumgangatho wokuqala, apho wakhawulwa ngumzobi, yokutyela ibekwe. Kwi okwesibini, kukho enye ivenkile kunye isikhongozelo nge oyile ethambisayo xa iqatyiwe ukuba kugcinwe bekwilift. Umgangatho wesithathu wanikwa phezu kwilebhu (ngeenkwenkwezi kunye zemozulu).

Kuba imilo angaqhelekanga kwenqaba ngexesha le Eifel uye wagxeka. Enyanisweni, injineli brilliant and umyili wayesazi kakuhle ukuba isakhiwo eliphezulu ingozi engundoqo umoya onamandla. Uyilo kunye nokumila kwinqaba yenzelwe ukumelana imithwalo umoya omkhulu.

Eiffel Tower: iinyani ezinika umdla malunga uphawu odumileyo ka Paris

Adolf Hitler ngexesha umsebenzi yaseFransi amabutho aseJamani batyelela eParis yaye ndandifuna ukukhwela i-Eiffel Tower. Kodwa ngaphambi kokufika ilifti drive sele yonakele kakhulu, kwaye wayithunga akukwazeki kwiimeko imfazwe. Inkokeli iJamani akazange akwazi bakhwela nqaba. Emva kokuba wenkululeko Lift eyinkunzi French uzuzele iiyure ezimbalwa.

Umakhi Eiffel Tower wayekhathazeke kakhulu malunga nemiba yokhuseleko, ekubeni umsebenzi lwaqhutywa kwiindawo ezise eliphezulu kakhulu. Nakule kokwakhiwa, akukho namnye abasebenzi ayilahleki - ukuba kwakuhlaziya impumelelo abo minyaka.

Nge Eiffel Tower kunye neziganeko ezinxulumene ezingemnandi - ngo-2009 yena yanikwa indawo yesithathu ngokuthandwa phakathi ukuzibulala.

Ukuze repaint inqaba, kuya kuthatha iminyaka enye enesiqingatha ukusebenza kunye neetoni 60 yepeyinti.

Ngomhla inqaba kubadle umbane kangangoko kwilali encinane zezindlu ezilikhulu.

Paris uphawu edumileyo inayo umbala layo elilodwa lomenzi - "brown Eiffel". Yena esondele kulo lobhedu izakhiwo umthunzi yokwakha.

Kukho iikopi ezingaphezu kwe-300 kwenqaba odumileyo. Eliqela kubo eRashiya: e Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Voronezh kunye Irkutsk.

I-Eiffel Tower kwinkcubeko

Landmark iye into kweemfuno amagcisa, iimbongi, ababhali kunye nabalawuli.

Imbali ye-Eiffel Tower abhalwe ngemithombo bamaxwebhu, namaxesha zayo kunokwenzeka elizayo kuye kwaboniswa xa amakhasethi YeApocalypse. Enye bhanya kakhulu umdla - documentary "Ikamva lomhlaba: ubomi emva abantu." Ibonisa ukuba ngaphandle yesondlo ixesha elide Eiffel Tower akayi kuba nako ukuxhathisa iintshaba zawo engundoqo: namhlwa kunye nomoya. Emva 150-300 kweminyaka inxalenye yayo ephezulu kwinqanaba kweqonga wesithathu ziya kuwohloka baze bawe.

Kodwa ke uninzi Eiffel Tower kunokubonwa kwi imizobo abaculi. Zhan Bero, eyaziwa ngokuba imizobo yakhe uhlobo imifanekiso yobomi bemihla ngemihla e Paris, wadala womzobo "Ehlabathini Eiffel Tower", leyo Parisienne emangele kuqwalaselwa isakhiwo omkhulu. A lot of imisebenzi abazinikele indalo Eiffel Mark Shagal.

isiphelo

Enye izakhiwo ezaziwa kakhulu ehlabathini nguye Eiffel Tower. France uyazingca kolu phawu emangalisayo Paris. Iimboniselo ukusuka kwentungo yenqaba leyo inde lomzi, yinzwakazi.

Bayihloniphe naluphi na imini - indalo okhanyayo nguGustave Eiffel kwaye sivulelekile ukuba iindwendwe ngeempelaveki.