Smirnova Aleksandra, Intombi bendili: biography, imvelaphi

Ukuqala umdak 'ubomi, boyise bonke abantu abadumileyo imbonakalo nje kuphela, kodwa akwenzakalise ibe likhaba bengqondo, akukho zimpawu ukufa kukrakra umntu ukufiphala osezingqondweni kwi dementia saka. Smirnova Aleksandra waba phantsi avukwe lumens ukudangala ebutsheni bakhe, na indawo, ngexesha kwayo kwaye inomtsalane kunye kutyatyamba.

ebuntwaneni

Aleksandra Smirnova, Osipovna patronymic, wazalwa e Odessa ngo-1809, unyana ka-Osip Ivanovich Rosset, indoda engumFrentshi kwintsapho ophucukileyo imvelaphi. Emithanjeni sikanina igazi German kwaye Georgian iye oxutywe. Alexander Ndandilizibulo, kamva, ukuba ubakhanyisele abazalwana abane. Usapho eyayikhona kumvuzo kayise, kwingqwayi- kwizibuko Odessa. Kodwa xa intombi wayeneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, wafa ngexesha bhubhane isibetho. Umama watshata okwesihlandlo sesibini, wamnika Ugunyaziso makhulu. Childhood Alexandra Rosset waya kwilifa kwi Ukraine. Lena iminyaka ukukhanya ukuba yomntu odyojwe kukungcola ubomi bakhe abadala inkumbulo kunye nendlela kamva N. V. Gogolem uthando lwabo kuvamile Ukraine. Ewe, kwatsho ngokwakhe kamva a Ukrainian. Xa abantwana bakhula, la makhwenkwe zathunyelwa bafundiswe Corps of Pages, kunye Sasha - i-Catherine Institute eSt Petersburg.

intombazana ngodumo

Ngowe-1826, langutana uDowry Smirnova Aleksandra (ngoko Rosset) ekupheleni kweli ziko liye umkhonzazana of imbeko kuqhotyoshelwe kwinkundla yokuqala ukumkanikazi-nonina, yaye emva koko, ngo-1828 - Alexandra Feodorovna, Agasti umfazi loMlawuli Nicholas I.

Indawo Palace zezi yayahluke kunye nobomi umkhonzazana uzuko. Babehlala elisezantsi kophahla lakwaWinter Palace, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni amanyathelo 80. Ngamnye kubo igumbi lahlulwe kwagxunyekwa gray somthi izigaba ezibini. Igumbi bakhonza kunye lokulala, kunye nendawo yokuhlala. Nabakhonzazana Sasihlala kwigumbi elincinane, kodwa n'wina. Ngomhla umsebenzi omkhonzazana of imbeko wayenxibe ngako isikhundla sakhe wamlinda umnxeba intando yakhe ukufunxeka. Kuyimfuneko ukuba sikulungele. Ngokubanzi, yaba abakhonzi eliphezulu, apho azisoloko imivuzo ehlawulwa rhoqo. Ngemihla simahla umsebenzi, umkhonzazana ngamnye wazama ukubaleka ukusuka Winter, ukuba wena a ngobubele kunye nosapho.

Apha kwaye ndandihlala kwibhotwe Smirnova Aleksandra, umkhonzazana of imbeko uKumkanikazi oselula. Kodwa ingqondo yakhe liqikelelwa umlawuli isithsaba of Russia, naye akazange athandabuze ukunxibelelana.

intombi enkulu

ubuhle bayo, ingqondo ngqindilili, ukukwazi juggle iingcinga kunye ngobabalo lula bili kuye kwatsala lot of abalandeli Smirnova Aleksandra. Photo of kuye, Kakade, kwaye imizobo, nto leyo ebonisa eni abafazi ababonisa abatsha, emana Uyinzwana engenasiphako bakhe.

igumbi freylinskaya lakhe eqhelekileyo kumgangatho wesine yaba salon boncwadi. Uye yamkelwe kakuhle esaluni odumileyo E. A. Karamzinoy kunye nabahlobo kunye indodakazi yakhe, Nozipho Nikolaevna. Around kuyo lwehla bonke abantu abadumileyo 20-30s: A. S. Pushkin, V. F. Odoevsky, PA Vyazemsky, VA Zhukovsky, M. Yu Lermontov.. "Chernook Rossetti" wabhala kwelicwecwe A. S. Pushkin, naye waba nobubele bangacalula umsebenzi wakhe omtsha. "Amehlo baseMzantsi" kumntla Virgin, lithambile yaye uyakuthanda, wachukumiseka gqitha kukubona PA Vyazemsky. Kuba ukunyameka isibindi, wazibiza yaye Donna Sol, kunye Donna Pepper.

"Izulu devil Little" wambiza wakhe Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky. Amazwi Vasiliya Tumanskogo (laso, uNobhala of State) "Ndamthanda amehlo aluhlaza, yaye ngoku ndiyakuthanda abamnyama ..." ngolangazelelo Rosset, ingoma ebhaliweyo, abawenzileyo namhlanje. Pushkin wayesele etshate uNatalie Goncharova, badla intsapho yasingatha Alexandria, owayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela abadala kwe Natalya Nikolaevna. Wehla waya ukuthetha Manene sizifunde imibongo ezintsha. Ngu * uKhesare Smirnova Aleksandra wayeselapho abasenyongweni. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa ukumkani wakhe wamnika Pushkin nemvulophu kunye amanqaku akhe phezu yesandla ye 'Eugene Onegin ".

umshado

A. S. Pushkin wayevuya gqitha xa efumanisa yokubandakanyeka kwakhe Nikolaem Mihaylovichem Smirnovym, lowo wadibana ngo-1828. Wenza zayichukumisa kakhulu kwi imbongi - abafundileyo abantu Russian, kwaye ngexesha elinye owasemzini babehleli yesali, nditsho IsiNgesi.

Yaba indoda ezolileyo, ngandlel onekhwele, kunjalo, kodwa izityebi efanayo kunye umsebenzi wabaleka ukunyuka intaba. Umtshato lwenzeka kwi Winter Palace. Kwaba khona ngamalungu asebukhosini. Alexander Osipovna watshata imali. Umama wakhe wanika bonke ubutyebi bakhe abantwana umtshato wakhe wesibini. Alexander Osipovna uza ukunceda ngasekhohlo zabo ngaphandle kuthetha ngaphandle imivuzo abazalwana esemthethweni.

Ngenxa umahluko abalinganiswa kunye nokubalwa Smirnova Aleksandra umtshato wabo ayikwazanga ukwenza bonwabe. uphawu lakhe awahlali, Ukuziva udakumbile. Umyeni wakhe, yena, ayikwazanga kuqhayisa ukuba ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo lo mfazi 'ibunzi. Ukongeza, Herzen kunye Ogarev ngokuphindaphindiweyo wagxeka tyekelo ingenalo novelwano, kwakunye yokuba ukubukelwa amagosa voruyuschim. Kodwa ke, kunjalo, leri yena kwayeka up. Young wahlala eSt Petersburg. Eluchochoyini lomsebenzi Nikolaya Pavlovicha Smirnova yaba indawo irhuluneli St. Petersburg, kwakunye yokuba waba leNdlu yeeNgwevu yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Kodwa ngoxa babeselula, nendlu yabo ukutyelela A. S. Pushkin kunye lokuqala ukufunda imbali yemvukelo Pugachev. Baba kule ndlwana zolinganiso uMikhail Shchepkin, umhlalutyi oselula kodwa laziwa Vissarion Belinsky, imbongi nombhali Alexei Tolstoy.

Kamva kulo mzi uya kuhamba M. Yu. Lermontov, owabhala kwelicwecwe kumgca ilibaleke, nto leyo iya kubonakaliswa iimvakalelo ukuba imbongi khange lucacise phambi Alexandra. umfanekiso wakhe akazange amlibale imbongi, waza wamazisa ibali zaqala "Lugin". Smirnova Aleksandra enze apho phantsi igama Minsk, leyo kuhlolwa kwaye ubuhle bayo, kunye nombono original izinto.

Smirnova Aleksandra: abantwana

wazalwa ekupheleni kuka-1832 Ufile na umntwana wokuqala. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, bazalwa iintombi amawele - Alexandra (1834-1837) ne-Olga (1834-1893). Kukho amarhe okuba abantwana yoMlawuli Nicholas. Kodwa nantsi A. S. Pushkin kodwa abayi ukunikela ingqalelo. Emva koko ke uya kuzalwa yintombi Nozipho (1836-1884), Ithemba (1840-1899) kunye yokugqibela omnye - unyana kaMikayeli (1847-1892).

Relations kunye N. V. Gogolem

Bona zaqaliswa yi A. S. Pushkin. Phantse lonke ixesha Rosset ilingane kunye UNikolai Vasilyevich, yena uya kuhlala nabo kwilifa Begichevo e ukulungela kufuphi Moscow Spassky nokusebenza umqulu yesibini "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo". Ngokuphindaphindiweyo Aleksandra Smirnova kuhlangana naye, abahlala kwamanye amazwe eRoma. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1845 yena vyhlopochet umbhali ukuba umlawuli ukuba ipension ngonyaka, imali leyo eya kuba 1000 engange. Gogol iyayithanda abe iperile phakathi kwabafazi.

ulwalamano

Sharp-yombini, abuhlungu intlekisa, Smirnova Aleksandra, xa amazwi Pushkin, ngubani ukubhala ikopi fair "neziqhulo ingqumbo abamnyama" ngo-1844, wayeyithanda Nikolaem Dmitrievichem Kiselevym, esikhulu ngu msebenzi ubizo lwe Don Juan.

Anna Olenina, ngubani wayesazi Aleksandru Smirnovu, wayevakalelwa kukuba isandla wakhe nomvakalelo onamandla nonobubele zikaPlato, engalindelekanga kakhulu ukuba umntu isigqebelo onjalo.

ukuguga

Ngelishwa, ufuzo qwa Rosset waba nezinzima. Eselula waba Ukuziva udakumbile, ukuba "ukudangala". Ngowe-1846, le wabonakala ngokucacileyo kakhulu, kwaye okusenza ukuya izithethe zonqulo. Ingasekelwanga lukholweni, kodwa ukusebenza langaphandle izithethe yena wabuyela ethile uzibambile. Kubalulekile ngeli xesha ithe ubunzima, ulahlekelwa ubuthongo. Ezi izikhewu phakathi kokukhanya kunye namaxesha ezimnyama kunye naye yonke iminyaka yobomi. Kodwa e Paris, abantwana kufuneka ebathethelela ngo-1879 phezu ukusekwa ngabalondolozi phezu kwakhe, nikholwe ukuba ngokonakala imeko yakhe yaqala kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, eMoscow. yengqondo Modern, ukuhlalutya imeko yayo, zithetha ngokubonakala esixhalabisayo semithambo. Thina ke kungekho ngaphandle kunye nezalamane zalo ekufuphi, phantse bonke abachatshazelwa ukuphazamiseka - intombi Olga, Sofia, unyana kaMikayeli. Ezintathu abazalwana bayo ubunzima okuthile engqondweni.

Ngowe-1883 e-Paris, wasinda umyeni wakhe kweminyaka eli-13, yaye phantse zonke abahlobo Smirnova Aleksandra wafa. Biography, ubomi nokufa engaqhelekanga nje engaqhelekanga yayikukuba umntu kunye nam, ukhathazeke abantu abaninzi endleleni yayo.