Berlin udonga

I-Berlin Wall sisigqeba ukuzithethelela. Ku yakhiwa ngo-1961 nge-13 Agasti. Ukwakhiwa Berlin Wall yaba inyathelo urhulumente GDR. Kude kube 1989, nothango yahlula umzi. West Berlin wahluka ukusuka eMpuma kunye waseJamani Democratic Republic. Ngokutsho urhulumente wakhe lonke ixesha lokudla ucingo ngexesha izama ukuwela yaza yabulala abantu malunga 125. Noko ke, ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, inani lamaxhoba yaba ukuba akukho ngaphantsi kwe abantu 1245.

I-Berlin Wall ibe ngomnye iisimboli ithuba 'imfazwe lokulayita ".

Phambi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kukho umda evulekileyo phakathi inxalenye empuma nasentshona kweso sixeko. Umgca lidala wabalekela kwindlu ngendlu, imijelo yamanzi, izitrato nemisele yamanzi. Ngokusemthethweni, kwabakho njengendawo 81 ezitratweni, 13 sikaloliwe kunye kaloliwe phakathi komzi. Ngelo xesha kwakukho iindlela ezingekho mthethweni. Kwakukho engaphezu ikhulu. Yonke imihla, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo kufuneka ukusuka 300 ukuya 500 lamawaka wawela umda. Ngenxa yokungabikho lomda ecacileyo emzimbeni phakathi kwiindawo ezimbini, kukho ngokufuthi ungquzulwano kunye ezivuzayo ezinkulu ziingcali German. AmaJamani, owayephila kwinxalenye esempuma, bakhetha ukufunda eMpuma Jamani (apho oko free), kunye nokusebenza kummandla Federal Republic of Germany.

Ukuvela kwe-Berlin Wall negalelo ukuqhubela kakhulu imeko yezopolitiko ngeenxa Berlin. Urhulumente West German zenyuse "Hallstein Imfundiso" ngo-1957. Ilungiselelwe i ikhefu nangoko lobudlelwane bezozakuzo kunye naliphi na ilizwe elo wayeyiqonda GDR. Ukongeza, urhulumente West German balahla isiphakamiso inxalenye Mpuma waseJamani, ukuyilwa a Confederation of States zaseJamani. Endaweni yoko, i-West Berlin zanyanzelisa nokhetho. Ngelo xesha, ngowe-1958 abasemagunyeni GDR ebacacisele amabango kulongamo phezu kwenxalenye yasentshona lizwe, ngokusekelwe "kuma phezu kummandla GDR."

Imiqathango zisiba malunga eBerlin imeko kwixesha ukusuka 3 ukuya 5 Agasti 1961 intlanganiso ziiNtloko wamaPolisa kaRhulumente yaqhutywa eMoscow. It Walter Ulbricht (inkokheli GDR) zanyanzelisa ukuvalwa emdeni. Emva kokufumana inkxaso kumazwe encedisayo ngoAgasti 12 ngokungqinelana nale samkelwa liBhunga labaPhathiswa of the GDR. E East amapolisa Berlin neziphumo ezilungisele ngokupheleleyo. 13 Agasti lixa lobusuku waqalisa iprojekthi ebizwa ngokuba "Wall 2". Malunga 25 amawaka amaqela axhobileyo ahlala umda. izenzo zabo zibe phantsi ngesebe yomkhosi East waseJamani. Kunye nomkhosi Kwakhona zikulungele.

Ngomhla we-15 Agasti, inxalenye yaseNtshona ngokwemida ngokupheleleyo ngocingo oluhlabayo. Waqalisa ukuyakha Berlin Wall. ekwakhiweni kwayo kunye Ukuvuselela ngangosuku 1962 ukuya 1975.

Emva kokuba wakha Berlin Wall, abemi GDR imvume ekhethekileyo ukutyelela kwinxalenye esentshona umzi. Ncokola unokuwisa umhlala kuphela. Ukuzama ukubaleka ukusuka GDR bukhatshwa sisohlwayo entolongweni iminyaka esibhozo. Ukuzama ukuba atshabalalise izakhiwo protective kucingelwa entolongweni hayi ngaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu. Ukufumana uncedo ukuzama ukubaleka ukusuka kurhulumente GDR entolongweni ubomi.

Ngowe-1898, phantsi kwempembelelo yiSoviet perestroika Hungary watshabalalisa iinqaba umda kumda kunye Austria. Nangona kunjalo, i-GDR (iqabane Austria kwi Pact) wayengazimiselanga ukulandela umzekelo wakhe. Kungekudala Republic German ezilahlekileyo ukulawula iziganeko ezenzeka ngokukhawuleza. Amawaka abemi GDR waqalisa ukuya kwamanye amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu ngenjongo siphume eJamani. BaseJamani wasabela West nge Hungary kunye. Ukuvulwa umda Hungarian, ndayihluthwa kengoku ubukho Berlin Wall.

Ngowe-1898, November 9 kule press-inkomfa usihlalo urhulumente saseGDR Schabowski Sibhengeze imithetho emitsha ngokundwendwela eli lizwe. Kwi ngokuhlwa, abahlali wabalekiselwa elucingweni.

Yokwaphuka Berlin Wall waba iholide kazwelonke. Amawaka West Berliners Waphuma waya kukhawulela iindwendwe eMpuma.