Basil 1: Iminyaka karhulumente, ingakumbi kwezopolitiko, umfazi nabantwana bakhe

I ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-13. kunye nekota yokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-14. ngokuba Grand Duchy of eMoscow kuphawulwa ngamaxesha kunokuba cwaka, ngaphandle ukungazinzi lwangaphakathi kuphela kuhlasela olunye anayo. Territory landa ngokuthi kongezwe kumazwe abatsha, ukwanda zolawulo feudal. Konke oku kwaba Bulelani kunokwenzeka ukuba inkqubo ngononophelo lo mfana. Eli lixesha xa itrone njengenkosana ahlala unyana ka nguDmitry Donskoy, Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily 1. Xa kwakulawula yomphathi kunye odumileyo kwakunye isishwankathelo nentsapho yakhe kunye nabantwana, uya kufumana kweli nqaku.

yokurekhoda khan kaThixo

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-13 yi ubukhosi zobugorha Genghis Khan Wawahlula urhulumente omtsha - zolotaya Orda, apho yayikhona kufutshane oozilawuli Russian de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14. Nangona ukugcina sokumiswa lwabo, ulawulo kunye nebandla emagxeni abo elinzima umthwalo xexo ukuhlawula irhafu. Lo myalelo onikwe yinkosana eyahlukileyo ngokukhupha ilebhile Khan, lowo, njengoko linika ilungelo itayitile Grand Duke, kwakunye nenkxaso yezopolitiko neyeemfazwe anayo. Ngasemva kwayo ekuqaleni waya eMongolia emva koko barn.

Ngowe-1832, emva kokuntlithwa Moscow nguDmitry Donskoy I bathumela igqiza le Khan Tokhtamysh ukuze afumane ilebhile ukuba ngukumkani, ekhokelwa oneminyaka eli-11 ubudala, unyana omdala Dmitri, i-Grand Duke elizayo Vasily 1, ngexesha ukubusa yaqala ngo 1389

ixesha lokuqala

Igama lakho isikhulu elizayo waba imbeko yaseSt Basil aseKesareya, ekubeni wazalwa ngomhla phambi ukuvuyela inkumbulo yakhe - December 10, 1371 uMama Basil Eudoxia of eMoscow evela Suzdal ke intombi ka-Grand Duke Suzdalskogo Dmitriya Konstantinovicha.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, emveni kokutshatyalaliswa eMoscow ngo-1882, umthetheli oselula kwakhokelela igqiza le anayo. ileyibheli Khan kaThixo safunyanwa Dmitriem Donskim, kuphela unyana wakhe Tokhtamysh washiya nje zibulawa. Vasiliy wasinda xa wayeneminyaka eli-14 ubudala. indlela wakhe walala nge lahlaselwa Peter Musat. In Russia kokuba elifikeleleka kuphela ilifa Polish kunye Lithuanian. NguDmitry Ivanovich wathumela ukuhlangabezana nonyana izinduna, ngubani kwafuneka baqubuda kwicala yenkulu zezibonda. Kwimeko yakhe yoosaziwayo baphumelela base wamnikela Basil eMoscow.

Vasily Dmitrievich 1: Ebudeni bolawulo

Ilungelo kwetrone Vladimir hlokondiba Basil I zazifumanayo ngo-1389, emva kokufa kukayise wakhe. Ukuzikhusela kunye nemimandla zabo, yena phantse nangoko waqalisa thethwano kontanga yayo kakhulu kakhulu: uYuri Dmitrievich umzalwana nomalume Vladimir namagorha. Imvelaphi ilifa Dmitriya Donskogo Zvenigorod Ruza, Galitch kunye Vyatka, kwaye eyesibini - yaba prince of Serpuhovskoy, Compostela, Borowski, kunye Dmitrovsky Uglitskikh. Malume Basil wavuma ukubheka kutshintshiselwano kwezinye iminyinyiva mhlaba.

Ngokubanzi, ebudeni bolawulo Basil 1 lwaqalisa nokuqhubeka amaphulo kayise, ingakumbi abo ngokuphathelele ulwalamano esemthethweni phakathi Grand Duke kunye nelifa ngokucwangcisiweyo nokuqinisekisa indima yayo ephambili, kodwa kwangaxeshanye eshiya abangaphantsi ubunini nanonelela emazweni eMoscow. nkqubo True uyise notatomkhulu wakhe, waba kwixesha elizayo. Inkxaso kunye noncedo yokujongana nemiba yezopolitiko umlawuli oselula ngaphandle Metropolitan uCyprian kunye eMoscow yezikhulu.

Prince wafa ngoFebruwari 27, 1425, eneminyaka engama-53. Ingcwaba ise -zingelosi Cathedral Moscow yesicelo. omlandelayo wakhe unyana omncinane - Vasiliy Temny (ifoto ngasentla). Ukuqala kobukumkani bakhe igcwele zembujiswano imfazwe e impangele.

Ubudlelwane kunye hlokondiba

Ne Golden mkhosi Basil ndazama ukugcina sengqondo cala. Ngowe-1392 yena kuqala wathenga ilungelo Nizhny Novgorod, ukuthumela Gorodetsky prince ukuze isonjululwe ngokunyanzelekileyo Suzdal. Emva koko safunyanwa Meschera, Gorodets, Moore kunye Tarusa. Ngoko ke, eneneni, kwakunjalo kunye zithengwe zorhwebo weendlalifa ezikhoyo ngokusemthethweni. Labels phezu ubunini ekhutshwe phambi kuphela kumhlaba engafunwanga.

Basil 1 (lokulawula - 1389-1425), ngokokubona ukuzimela lawo loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene, kwaye phantse akazange ukwabelana ingeniso yabo Khan. Ithunyelwe unikelo emveni kokuphuma nokuba nto okanye izipho bangamahlwempu kakhulu. Noko ke, ngo-1407-1408 gg. phantsi umyalelo Temnik Edigei ukuhlasela abazinikeleyo of impangele. Luvuthondaba eli phulo yaba singqingiwe njalo ke yesicelo kangangeeveki ezintathu, nto leyo ke, asiphumelelanga. Basil Andizange ukuthumela umkhosi, kodwa bazama izivumelwano, ngaloo ndlela uqhubekeko imfazwe igunya ngaphakathi anayo. Ndakuqonda ukuba kuphuma omnye umdlali Yedigei ungxamile, washiya ikomkhulu Russian, uthathe kwinceba elifanayo bawonakalisile izixeko ezininzi ubulawuli, kuquka Ryazan, leyo itshiswe.

Relations ne Lithuania

Ukwazi ukuba ozakuzo kunye nothetha-thethwano - yenye iimpawu eziphambili lowo i-Grand Duke Vasily 1. Iminyaka urhulumente eMoscow waqalisa phantse ngaxeshanye umtshato wakhe intombi i-Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas ngo-1390. Kubonakala ukuba eli nyathelo kuya kunceda ukusombulula iingxaki kunye Novgorod. Kodwa Vytautas waba iinjongo zakhe kunye nezicwangciso. Grand Duke of Lithuania, waqala ngo-1392 yaye wayedla ukusebenzisa amaqhina entsapho omtsha kuphela xa izinto zabo kwezopolitiko.

Ubungqina oku ngokuthinjwa ESmolensk ngexesha kwiingxwabangxwaba phakathi kwendlu njengenkosana. Basil I ayithimba, kuqwalaselwa ngakumbi efanelekileyo ukuya kwindawo yokugcina ihlabathi, kunokuba aye kulwa ngumlawuli onamandla olubawayo. Ke Vytautas wahlasela ulawulo Ryazan, yaye ngokutsho yemihla, wayeceba ukusebenzisa ngenxa anayo ukuseka igunya layo phezu eRashiya. Ngowe-1405, emva kokuba waya Pskov, Basil ndaqalisa ukuba ahlanganise umkhosi, ebiza lo nangezinto tverichey. Abamelene nayo lezimali emlanjeni kufuphi Tula, kodwa idabi zange zenzeke. An ukuxolelana yaqukunjelwa ukulungiselela unyaka omnye.

Ekugqibeleni, kwicala Lithuanian ka Basil Ndenza minyinyiva ezinkulu ngokoMthetho indawo, avunyelwe ukuba angenele INkosana Lithuania kwimicimbi yangaphakathi, kodwa ngaxeshanye, umgaqo wakhe negalelo ukungena phantsi kolawulo Moscow Lithuanian Orthodox begazi, ukuthintela igazi phakathi oozilawuli asebenzise igunya Vytautas ukuba ukunqanda ingxabano .

Umkakhe nabantwana

Ngowe-1391, ngomhla koSuku lweKresimesi, Basil 1 (walawula 1389-1425) watshata Sophia - Lithuanian Princess kunye intombi kuphela ye-Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas. Wazala abantwana abasithoba Basil: amantombazana amane, omnye wabo kwixesha elizayo watshata umlawuli John VIII Palaeologus, kunye namakhwenkwe ezintlanu, kubo omnye kuphela abasindayo. Ngowe-1425, Sofia (kulo mfanekiso ungentla inkosazana kunye nendoda yakhe) waba ibamba yindlalifa minor Basil II nangokomyinge Vytautas nePrince uPetros Andrei Dmitrievich. Ebudaleni ikwandim, umfazi wenkosi uya baya ukwenyuka Monastery, apho waqhubeka ukuyakha indlu Ascension, leyo lwaqala umfazi D. Don. Inkosazana wafa-Oktobha 27, 1453 eneminyaka ivuthiwe labadala (engama-82).

Oku kuphela ibali emfutshane echaza indlela weza namandla ebudeni bolawulo Basil 1. nokuba wenza Grand iNkosana Russia - enye izihloko ezininzi umdla embalini. ilandela lakhe baya ngokufanelekileyo oluzinzileyo kwezopolitiko imeko ulawulo lwangaphakathi nolwangaphandle, hayi wonakele iimfazwe imini, yaye ukuze kwandiswe kakhulu kuloo ntsimi.