Neolithic - Neolithic is ...

Yintoni Neolithic? Eli gama livela kwigama lesiGrike elithi 'neos "(new) kunye' lithos" (ilitye). Izazinzulu elide oku kubizwa ngokuba kwixesha elitsha kuphuhliso loluntu. Ngokufutshane, i Neolithic - i New Stone Age, okt kwinqanaba lokugqibela ye Stone Age. Ke yena uyaziwa ukuba amaxesha amathathu yophuhliso: basic, aphakathi kunye ezintsha. Ngamnye kubo luphawulwa ezinye iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Lahamba la maxesha ibizwa ngokuba Paleolithic, Mesolithic, yaye ekugqibeleni Neolithic. Table imbali ukuzazi ubonisa iimpawu nganye.

-Ziza zakudala IsiNgesi ngenkulungwane odumileyo yeshumi elinesithoba Lubbock ebizwa Neolithic Palaeolithic inkcaso - esinye isithuba ye Stone Age. osemqoka kwayo kuba phambi izixhobo komhlaba kunye kombiwa kuyo.

Xa ixesha le Neolithic?

Umhla ezithile ekuqaleni kweli xesha umntu akakwazi gama, kuba ezinye izityalo baye bangena kulo ngaphambili, ngoxa abanye - kamva. Abantu bokuqala abaye benza linyathelo elibheka phambili kwaye asikafikeleli kwindawo entsha yophuhliso yezembali, kwakukho abantu abahlala kummandla yakuMbindi Mpuma kwenye 9.5 amawaka. BC. Ivela kweli xesha esidityaniswe utshintsho ukusuka appropriating uhlobo nenkcubeko (lokuzingela nokuhlanganiselwa) ukuya kwimveliso yokutya (izilwanyana, ukulima kunye nezolimo). Xa kwimbali yoluntu Neolithic kugqalwa nesiqalo ebalulekileyo xa kuthelekiswa Mesolithic kunye Paleolithic. Xa isifundo awayebalasele nganye maxesha kwesaziso Stone Age ukuba izinto ezininzi ezintsha kwenzeka kwixesha sesithathu nesokugqibela. Noko ke, ngaphaya, kobugcisa izixhobo amatye, nkqu kakhulu ngobuchule wayekwazi eyenziwe yothuba elithile sexesha, abantu sele akaphumanga. Ngokufutshane, ixesha Neolithic iphela kanye xa ukubuyisela izixhobo amatye kufika ngentsimbi. Emva koko, njengoko nisazi, kuza ubhedu, intsimbi kunye nezinye eminyaka. Noko ke, ukuza kuthi ga kweli hlabathi kukho iintlanga (izizwe American nabemi iziqithi Oceania), nto leyo kodwa basuke Neolithic ukuya Iron Age. Kwaye ukuba sicingela ukuba, ngoko singatsho ukuba ngeli xesha kodwa ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba uluntu luphela. Ngokufutshane, kwanawo Iron Age okanye Neolithic - kungathethwanga ukulandisa ixesha. Njengoko zommandla yethu, apha, eli nqanaba laqalisa ehlabathini BC ngewaka yesihlanu, kwaqhubeka de wesithathu, oko kukuthi 2,000 eminyaka ubudala.

Yintoni wanika abantu Neolithic?

Ewe, kukho izinto ezininzi. Umzekelo, izixhobo nangona aba ngamatye, kodwa kungekhona isintu njengoko kwi Paleolithic and Mesolithic. ibengezela zabo, okwenza kungqameko made yaye libukhali, ukuba bemba imingxuma njengoko kuyimfuneko (lokusila ukuzazi). Abantu Neolithic kwakhona abazibandakanya ukwaluka kwaye zaveliswa ngenxa ilokhwe lula kwaye isikhuselo, abo owayehlala kufutshane nemilambo kunye namachibi, wenza ekubambiseni intlanzi kunye nezinye abemi okugcina amanzi. babelawula Fish, kwakunye inyama, eveliswe ezingela, kunye amandongomane, amaqunube kunye neengcambu ezahlukeneyo wavumela abantu bakudala kangangexesha elithile ukuze ahlale endaweni enye, oko kukuthi, ajike mbuya kuhlala. Kwaye oku, yena, kwakhokelela ulwakhiwo iidolophu yokuqala encinane uze imizi. Umzimba nayo yafak 'isandla ukuvela ngodongwe kunye ngodongwe. Imizamo yokuqala ukusebenzisa udongwe njenge material lokuvelisa impahla kunye nezinye iimpahla lwenziwe kuMbindi Mpuma, emizaneni Jarmo, Çatalhöyük kunye Hacılar. Kodwa kwiMpuma Ekude yayisele ihambile inkcubeko Jomon. Abahlali le ndawo nje baqala kuphela ukwenza kwaye usebenzise zomdongwe, kodwa wayisa ezinye iintlobo zezityalo egadini kunye nemifuno. Ke ukuba inxenye yaseYurophu zezizwe Neolithic olwalukho usaqala kuphela eGrisi.

Esi sixeko sidala kweli hlabathi, kwaqalisa ixesha Neolithic

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ulwakhiwo sezixeko zokuqala sele kuqalile ngexesha New Stone Age. Owayemdala kubo iYeriko. Kwathi ekupheleni Mesolithic nasekuqaleni Neolithic. Uqhekekile umzi yakhelwe phezu elunxwemeni loMlambo iYordan, yintoni na ngoku ePalestina. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa sezixeko zokuqala ujoliso iinqaba zokungqinga. Kwaye uthi ngaloo maxesha phakathi kweedolophu iimfazwe zazilwela. Ngenxa yoko, umkhosi rhoqo, nto leyo yayimenza amagosa omkhosi kuye kwasekwa. Ngokufutshane, i Neolithic - na ixesha xa uzelwe na impucuko okuqala, kwakunye nakumaziko ezinkulu labemi - umzi-inqaba.

Le revolution Neolithic

Eneneni, yintoni eyenzeka kweli xesha zembali, oko kubizwa ngokuba revolution. Okokuqala, lo ngowona inguqu ukusuka iimbovane kwezoqoqosho nemveliso, ukuvela zodongwe (okokuqala kwinkcubeko ekuqaleni Japanese), ukuvela izixeko, ukuyilwa umkhosi yobungcali, abazibandakanya yokuloba kunye nezolimo, kunye nabanye.

isigaba Neolithic

Izazinzulu bahlule amaxesha amathathu uphuhliso eli xesha: ekuqaleni, phakathi kwexesha nasemva kwexesha. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, kufuneka ukubhekisela esigangeni ngaphambili kuMbindi kunye Ekude, yaye inxalenye yaseYurophu - Greece. Ubumba eliphakathi Neolithic kukuveliswa kwiMpuma Yurophu e China. Okwesithathu, isigaba lokugqibela - ongasekhoyo Neolithic. A yayiliziko nophuhliso imi kummandla nakwelaseTshayina kule mihla sikuyo.

Iinkalo ezithile zobomi kweli xesha "Stone Age"

Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba ukuphila umzimba kukhokelele kwinto yokuba abantu baqalisa ukwakha amakhaya ngokomelela nezinzileyo ngakumbi. Ngophuhliso iseramikhi kunye zomdongwe ukuze kwakhiwe izindlu zabo eyayingekaphuhli ekuqaleni abantu baqalisa ukuvelisa iibhloko zodongwe. Ezi zindlu kwakhiwa enye ecaleni kwenye. Ngoko baqala ukuvela uluntu yezizwe. Kufutshane yokuhlala waqalisa ukuba balime ilizwe ukuze sibe nonikezelo lokutya. Kwathi ukufuywa kweentlobo ezithile zezilwanyana, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekubeni kuphuhliso ukufuya iinkomo. Kwelinye isebe loqoqosho lwesizwe, nesuka kwaye yaphuhliswa kwixesha Neolithic - unokwakhela. Kuba abemi zokuhlala ezintsha nucleated, apho kamva wajika kuwo umzi, kwakuyimfuneko ukuba nokuveliswa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo: impahla housewares, .. iinkcukacha Clothing, ifenitshala likumgangatho ophantsi, izacholo, njl Ngendlela, inkalo ebalulekileyo ixesha Neolithic yi ukuvela ngokufaka. Kakade ke, oku akuzange kwenzeke kwangoko. Ngaphambi koko, abantu baye bafunda ukuba sifake ezingobozini, iminatha yokuloba.

exchange

Kwimeko nganye kwezi zizwe bema amagcisa wayemazi waphumelela ekuvelisweni ezinye izinto ezithile. Oko kukuthi, ukuba zithathwa ziinkosi ubugcisa babo yaye baqalisa ukulungiselela ezi zinto hayi nje kuphela ngenxa akubo, kodwa lezizwe asebumelwaneni. Wesuka ke ingqikelelo unaniselwano.

Ibunzi - iintlobo eziphambili ilitye kwixesha Neolithic

Olu hlobo abantu beli xesha zembali, geni ngeendlela ezimbini: qokelela phezu komhlaba ezintilini lomlambo kunye nemveliso emigodini, ukuba ekuqalekeni kwemigodi. lenyengane basebenza ukudala izixhobo umsebenzi ngeendlela ezininzi: .. Retouched, pholstery amabini, iitshiphusi, njl iinkosi Kamva abaphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha, oko kukuthi, umama, ukugaya namarhela. Ngala ubuchule, armourers baqala ukwenza izixhobo mbini. Ngoko ukuba handpieces kusetyenziswa ithambo. Neemela zizidibanise zombini ngethambo lenyengane iinkcukacha. Ezinye izinto ezaye zakhokelela ngonaphakade Neolithic - kweminyaka izixhobo ezitsha ngamatshe - nezamazembe, zokutshweza, nezembe, basike, njl Ekubeni abantu izembe sakwazi ukwakha izikhephe, eYafo, izindlu zomthi, njl ....

art

Kwakhona abantu Neolithic gravitated nezobugcisa. Imifanekiso ethathwe ngeli xesha, kubekho umsebenzi Awakening yengqondo zabantu. Kuba Imizobo emihle zobugcisa lunokwamkeleka enikelwe nenkcazelo emfazweni. Rock umzobo ibalisa iziganeko ezenzeka kwelo xesha. Eyona umdla na imizobo afumaneka kummandla Norway yanamhlanje. Apho abantu kunye nezilwanyana umfanekiso akukacaci ukuba ubonisa nekhono lokuhlaziya. Ezinye izinto zixhonyiwe ngohlobo iimilo zejiyometri, oko kukuthi, ukuthini ezi zinto, kodwa akazange kudlula kuzo ncam.

isiphelo

Neolithic - New Stone Age, ngexesha lokugqibela phambi kokuba abantu basungule izixhobo zentsimbi ukusuka Stone Age ukuya Bronze wawela.