Long-term memory ye computer. izixhobo zokugcina

A ikhompyutha esetyenziswa ukwandisa ukwanela yomsebenzi kwabantu. Kodwa nantoni na eneriseka, ukuba abanakho ukuyigcina data? Ngokwenza njalo, oko kunceda (non-zingazinzanga) ezingundoqo nangaphandle memory ye computer. Nangona mxholo uphambili nqaku wesibini ukuze ugqibezele lo mfanekiso, omnye icandelo phantsi nqaku liza udelon kuqala.

Oko kuthetha ukuba imemori main?

Oku kuquka:

1. A imemori yofikelelo oluzenzekelayo. Kuyinto eguquguqukayo, yaye zonke iinkcukacha ukuba agcinwe kuyo utshabaleleyo xa ikhompyutha amvalele phantsi.
2. isixhobo yokugcina ngokusisigxina. It is non-aziphethe ngayo. Kuyo na ulwazi kufuneka ingabi nakuguqulwa. Okokuqala, kumayelana uqwalaselo PC kunye software oluvavanya izixhobo candelo phambi kokuba yokulayisha indlela yokusebenza. omnye yeendima ezibalulekileyo nayo igcinwa apha - inkqubo basic igalelo / imveliso, eyaziwa ngokuba BIOS. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ROM kunye kwinkumbulo yexesha elide ikhompyutha banezinto ezininzi abafana ngazo. Kodwa ngenxa umahluko ulwazi olugcinwe, ukubaluleka isabelo sawo.

imemori oluncediswayo

Ngoko wabiza indawo yokugcina elide iintlobo data ayimiselwanga okwangoku kusetyenziswa icandelo yokusebenza ikhompyutha. Ezi ziquka iindidi lweenkqubo, iziphumo izibalo, itekisi kunye nangaphezulu.

imemori yangaphandle is non-aziphethe ngayo. Kwakhona, iluncedo ukuthutha kwiimeko apho iikhompyutha hayi amanyene LAN okanye WAN. Ukusebenza imemori yangaphandle, kufuneka ufumane i drive. Esi sisixhobo ezizodwa (s) olwenza ukurekhodwa kunye nokufunda lolwazi. Kwakhona kwakufuneka iindlela zokugcina - media.

Umehluko ebalulekileyo ukusuka kwimemori RAM non-aziphethe ngayo kukuba akukho unxibelelwano ngqo kumqhubekekisi. Ngesiqhelo izimo ezithile yokuba nzima isakhiwo PC. Ngoko ke, lo imemori esebenzayo kunye ixesha elide yomsebenzi computer kunye: ukusuka data yesibini ezosulela kuqala, uze emva koko ngokusebenzisa cache okanye ngqo kumqhubekekisi.

Yintoni ifakiwe kwimemori bangaphandle?

Ukuze siqonde oko sisebenzisana, kuyimfuneko ukuba nomfanekiso-sixhobo sangaphandle yokugcina iinkcukacha. Ngoko ke, ngayo:

1. drives hard disk. Ubungakanani indawo yokugcina data kusetyenziswa isalathisi ubungakanani iinkcukacha egcinwe kwi computer.
2. Thina ukuqhuba floppy disks. Lixesha. Isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zothutho kunye namaxwebhu phakathi kwee computer.
3. Drives kwi-CD. Zisetyenziswa ukugcina izixa ezikhulu data.
4. Drives flash. Zisetyenziswa ukugcina izixa ezikhulu data nakwizinto ezincinane.
5. Kuba kwimemori lwangaphandle ezinye zonke drives, nto leyo ngokulula kudluliselwa kwezinye iikhompyutha. Ngenxa umthetho, ukuba sezishiywe lixesha kwaye aphume ejikeleza.

niwafake

Zizixhobo yokugcina zahlulwe iintlobo kunye neendidi. Njengoko imigaqo lembombo uthabathe yawo, i-software zokusebenza zobugcisa, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nezinye iimpawu. isixhobo nganye inayo technology ukurekhoda / ukugcinwa yayo / ukudlalwa kumajelo enkcazelo. Eyona eziphambili iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kubasebenzisi (kubo kunokwenzeka lokuhlela):

1. Isantya of exchange data.
2. umthamo ulwazi.
3. Ukuthembeka ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha.
4. Iindleko.

Apha kwi ezinjalo iparameters kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo yokugcina. Kakade ke, kusekho izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa baya kuba nomdla kuphela iingcali.

izixhobo magnetic

Lo mgaqo uyasebenza zezi zixhobo isekelwe kulwazi yokugcina apho iimpawu kazibuthe izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Zizixhobo ngokwawo, ngokokuqhelekileyo kuba namacandelo ukuba zinoxanduva wokufunda / ukubhala kunye yenethiwekhi ngemagnethi apho bonke egcinwe. Yokugqibela zohlulwa ngokwendidi kuxhomekeke iimpawu zabo ngokwasemzimbeni zobugcisa kunye neempawu yokusebenza. Amaninzi cell tape kunye disk. Zinelungelo iteknoloji, esinobudlelane ngalo: umzekelo, usebenzisa magnetizing alternating Imagnethi yomhlaba lisetyenziswa kwaye ulwazi ukufunda. Ezi nkqubo kuvame ukwenziwa kunye namasimi concentric. Ezi imizila ezizodwa ibekwe kulo moya inkxaso rotary. Ukubhala lwenziwa kwi khowudi lwedijithali.

Magnetization kufezwa ukusetyenziswa iintloko efundiweyo / ubhale. Zi- circuit ubuncinane ezimbini controllable iinkcukacha ngemagnethi kunye engundoqo. sidla AC ombane jiko zabo. Ukuba ixabiso layo itshintshiwe, oku kwenzeka ngokufanayo ulwalathiso imigca emagneti. Xa le nkqubo kwenzeka, ixabiso ulwazi bit batshintshwa ukusuka 0 ukuya ku-1 okanye ukusuka ku-1 ukuya 0. Oku kuba ifowuni ihlelwe memory-computer aziphethe ngayo.

Nangona nobuntsompothi okubonakala kunye iyalibala kwenkqubo enjalo, engeze ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi kokucingelwayo akangeniswanga ugwetyelwe. Ngoko ke, lo ikhompyutha le mihla hard disk drives ingaba kuba ngamaxesha athile ukuze ufumane imali eninzi inkcazelo. Ukuba into imveliso ukusebenza, esi sixhobo sangaphandle imemori, wakhululwa kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, oko kuya kuba amakhulu okanye amawaka amaxesha ngaphezulu kwe abo zadalwa engamashumi amabini edlulileyo.

umbutho

Idatha kuba operating system systematized kwaye zidityaniswe zibe kumacandelo namaculo. Eyokugqibela kwi mali lamaqhosha mane okanye asibhozo ezi amakhonkco emxinwa concentric kwi didki. track nganye yahlulwe ezahlukeneyo, ezibizwa amacandelo. Xa ufunda okanye ukubhala, ndisoloko ukuwafunda elipheleleyo. Ke ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni ngokwexabiso lolwazi ecelwayo. Ubungakanani candelo omnye 512 bytes.

Kufuneka kwakhona ukuba sele beyiqhelile le kota, njengokuba njengesilinda. Ngoko siyakuthi inani elipheleleyo lengoma, uyakwazi ukufunda ulwazi ngaphandle ezihambayo intloko kuyo. ukubekwa data iseli (okanye cluster) ubizwa ngokuba ndawo zincinane disk esetyenziswa yi indlela yokusebenza ukubhala ifayile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bayaqonda amacandelo omnye okanye ngaphezulu.

Malunga drives. hard drive

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukusebenza ngeekhompyutha mihla neenkcukacha zokugcina kufuneka drives nzima kuthi. Ngazo package omnye kudla ezifakwe ngqo eliphakathi read isixhobo bhala / kunye inxalenye nojongano (ukubizwa ngokuba isilawuli). Ukuba izixhobo ezinjalo adityaniswa indawana ekhethekile, apho phezu umgca enye yaye basebenza kunye neyunithi intloko indlela ephambili eqhelekileyo. hard njengangoku izixhobo ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kunye nomthamo - ngoku bambalwa kakhulu abantu baya kuba nako iniqubule ndaweninye kuba zilikhaya lokuphuhlisa ulwazi 1 okanye 10 terabytes. Kodwa kunjalo kuchaphazela isantya msebenzi. Ngoko ke, xa ndaqalisa umsebenzi, inkqubo yokufunda data ingathatha ngaphezu kwemizuzwana kweshumi. Nangona, xa kuthelekiswa ne-imifuziselo abadala, isantya inkqubela ibonakala.

On drives, device ephathekayo

drives nzima, njengoko kuye kwagxininiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, uyakwazi ukugcina isixa esikhulu data, kodwa transposition kwabo ukusuka kwenye ikhompyutha ukuya kwenye akuyonto ilula. Kwaye apha kokusebenzisa izixhobo eziphathwayo.

Oku iindlela ezithile apho kunokwenzeka ngaphandle iingxaki ezinkulu ukudlulisela ulwazi phakathi iikhompyutha ezahlukeneyo. Umthamo benkumbulo bangaphandle ukuba akazange kangaka like a hard diski, kodwa ngenxa lula yokuthuthwa laza uqhagamshelwano (kwaye ngoko ukufunda iinkcukacha) baye bafumana umtyhi zabo. Okwangoku, ethandwa kakhulu iintlobo ezimbini zixhobo: flash drive kwaye akwazi ezamehlo. Nganye kuzo ineendlela zayo kunye neengxaki, kodwa ihlabathi kudala kuye utyekelo yokuphangwa yayo chu uhlobo lokuqala izixhobo.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, ukuya kwinkumbulo yexesha elide computer kusebenza ezininzi izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Bonke bephela zibonelela yokugcina idatha kangangexesha elide, kwakunye ithuba ukususwa yabo.

UPawulos, singatsho ukuba kwinkumbulo yexesha elide computer kusizalisekisa ngokupheleleyo oko ezisebenzayo.