Ziziphi iinkalo nkqubo agrarian ukuba oorhulumente emhlophe ngethuba leMfazwe Civil?

Kuxhomekeke koko ufuna olona waba umgaqo wezolimo oorhulumente White wakha ubuhlobo babo kunye nabalimi, ekuxhaseni amaKomanisi, iintshaba zawo. Ngexesha leMfazwe Civil, Denikin, Kolchak kunye Wrangel wakwazi ukuphuhlisa inkqubo yonke enxulumene nezolimo, kodwa zange ke zimiliselwe.

Ukubaluleka kwemiba zasemaphandleni

Ababhali-mbali nangoku uphando oko waba nkqubo ingakumbi ezolimo oorhulumente ezimhlophe. Uphando olutsha kwenzeka ukufunyanwa amaxwebhu ngaphambili ayaziwa, njalo njalo. D. Xa imeko kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Civil, indawo nabalimi wakhe ukuba ibalulekile naliphi na igunya. Ukuba abahlali baba ngumqolo yomkhosi, yaye wayexhomekeke ngethamsanqa imithetho ezingazinzanga yezopolitiko. Rise of the poor anezikrokro inokuba yingozi kuba iiBolsheviks nangenxa abaxhasi ukumkani okanye republic.

Ngoko ke, zonke njengorhulumente ukukusela ngo-1917, wazama ukuba yayikukukholisa lali, nezimo ngokomdla wabo. Phambi kokuba October Revolution, umba ilizwe zisonjululwe ngokuthe wasebenza imithetho kunye nemimiselo. Xa e Petrograd iiBolsheviks bababamba amandla, le meko iye yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo. izisombululo Primitive, utshintsho ngokwendlela iziganeko zexesha elifutshane - ezi iimpawu-nkqubo agrarian ukuba oorhulumente emhlophe ngethuba leMfazwe Civil.

utshintsho khawuleza

Naphantsi Nicholas II yaba wenyama kubomi yokuvuselelwa Stolypin kaThixo nokuhlaliswa abalimi izama eSiberia kunye nokuthengwa komhlaba ngetyala. Le program ayikwazanga zisebenza ngendlela ngokupheleleyo-impi emkhosini kummandla Russia.

Njengoko zamkelwa lisebe ngezoqoqosho kunye sobulumko uPetros Struve, bonke anti-amaKomanisi kwafuneka ngokukhawuleza ukulahla kwepropati ukusuka kurhulumente ukuze kuxhamle lali. Ngamanye amazwi, uthengiso komhlaba kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza yaye ngokufuthi akazange kunxibelelana norms zomthetho. Le meko sibi kukuba abalimi ukuba inxalenye abaninzi babezazi imithetho kunye namanye amaxwebhu yolawulo.

imisebenzi ndandingaqinisekanga emzantsi

Ngoko ke zintoni na iimpawu ze-nkqubo agrarian ukuba oorhulumente emhlophe? yokucinga ezisisiseko ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo iimbono kweenkokeli. Ngoko ke, Commander VSYUR Anton Denikin wabiza imigaqo emithathu: ukuba kugcina ubunini, ukuba benze nantoni ukugcina ucwangco lizwe, ukuxhasa imveliso okuziinkozo kunye nezinye izityalo kwinqanaba elaneleyo ukondla emkhosini. Onke la manyathelo okwethutyana. Denikin ngokwakhe wavuma ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo lonke abelungu kwi Kuban kunye Don postpones kuphela umbuzo agrarian de amaxesha ngcono, xa amandla lonke eli lizwe ekugqibeleni uya kuba ezandleni ezisemthethweni kunye iiBolsheviks bakhubeka phantsi.

Yaba sengqondo kunokuba njengembi. Nangona ezimhlophe lenyuka, uLenin sele lamkela Ndiwise umthetho phezu komhlaba, apho ipropati lathathwa ngumnini - Azintshaba ezindala kunye ngabacinezeli ze abalimi. Oku wanika ye'Bolsheviks eninzi inkxaso kule lali. Denikin kunye nezinye White kubohlwaya abaqeshisi ayaba nako, kuba wayengomnye yeentsika umyalelo omdala, kuba inkoliso yabo ezisokolayo.

Rhoxisa yamaBolshevik nezimiso

Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha iimpawu nkqubo wokwandisa yoorhulumente amafama amhlophe suschimi kwabonakala nto kuthelekiswa yobukomanisi imfazwe, apho yaziswa kulawulo yiSoviet. Emizaneni, irikhwizishini ndomelezeka - abahlali basiwa kwi-70% yemveliso.

Yindlala belali waya Denikin, Wrangel, Kolchak, njalo njalo. E., Xa bafunda ntoni ukuba umgaqo ingakumbi ezolimo oorhulumente ezimhlophe. Ngokufutshane, iqela amaKomanisi, yayimdimaza kubo nayiphi na indawo nangoko wabubhangisa bonke imithetho Soviet kunye nemimiselo yenkqubo surplus-mali. Ukuba umnini wangaphambili yesiza yayingekho, ngoko ebeka yasiwa okwethutyana-mali karhulumente.

Umzekelo eSiberia

ESiberia, ingakumbi nkqubo agrarian loorhulumente ezimhlophe, ngamafutshane, ezahlukeneyo ukusuka Denikin ngenxa ekusoluleni yonxibelelwano kunye indawo ebanzi. Ngokukodwa, iprofayili uye wadala Ministry of Agriculture, leyo wayenza yokulungisa iingxabano zomhlaba phakathi abanini. Baye zemstvos ukusungulwa. Baba iyunithi minimum zolawulo. ibhunga District abathembekanga emhlabeni, walandela inviolability amalungelo obunini.

ukuguqulwa Siberian ngumzekelo obalaseleyo nkqubo xa urhulumente uzama ukusombulula umba othile kwi ingxoxo yoluntu. ibhunga abakhethekileyo ezisekelwe le njongo. Wawuhlanganisa na amagosa kuphela Ministry of Justice and Agriculture. kwabakho ubuhanjelwe abameli abakhethiweyo abalimi kunye nabanye abahlali bendawo bommandla othile.

Kule meko yo fanekisela, xa Kolchak ngexesha ukubonakala karhulumente eChelyabinsk ngowe-1919, wachaza into nkqubo ingakumbi ezolimo oorhulumente ezimhlophe. Impendulo elifutshane: umlawuli omkhulu Russia wayekholelwa ukuba ngokuhamba kwexesha, kuyimfuneko ukuba bayeke umyalelo omdala, xa ilizwe kwakukho ukubusa abanini ezinkulu. Kolchak uthi urhulumente kufuneka elincinci kwaye womelele eziphathekayo neyabalimi, eya kuba sisiseko kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe.

isiphelo

NgoMatshi 26, 1919 theses ngasentla umlawuli ephakamileyo eRashiya zaye zaphuhliswa ngendlela elungiselelwe ngokukodwa "isixhobo zomhlaba." Government White ugxininisa ukuba kwixa elizayo iya kukhathalela amahlwempu kunye nabalimi abahlwempuzekileyo, amakhaya wobubi. Izaphuli lapapashwa abo ukususela kwimini zifakiwe okanye ekwabelwana umhlaba yomnye umntu.

Ngokubanzi, abachasi-nkqubo agrarian le iiBolsheviks linokuchazwa njenge nkqubo ingqalelo kwipropati yabucala. White wayenethemba elizayo ukwenza ingxowa-mali karhulumente owawuza kusasaza lonke ilizwe ingxabano phakathi nxaxheba emarikeni.