Uqoqosho wobukhosi

uqoqosho feudal waya eYurophu ukubuyisela imo ikhoboka yolawulo kwi AD ngenkulungwane yesithathu okanye eyesine. Utshintsho Kwakungekho namnye-step, ngokuthe ngcembe, ukususela leminyaka kubanini leminyaka isicelo emigudwini yakhe ikhoboka latifundia, waqalisa ukuba banikele ingqalelo into yokuba ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho nemihlaba aqalise ukwehla ngokuthe chu. Oku kwaba ngenxa yobunzima jikelele inkqubo ngamakhoboka: iimfazwe loloyiso waseRoma ngcembe yaphela, yokufika amakhoboka ukususela ngaphandle sele yomile, yaye akuzange iintsapho khoboka ukuba abantwana abaninzi. Kwaye kunye nokuphuhliswa kwenkcubeko agronomic akanamdla iziphumo ngamakhoboka abo zabasebenzi azaba nako, abavuma ngokomgangatho ukuqhubekekiswa mhlaba ngokwanelisayo elibharhileyo.

Yeyiphi indawo ikhoboka eRoma becala feudal aseByzantium nangoko wabonisa nokubanakho kwezoqoqosho. imibuso iqaba esavela kwi kwisiza Western uBukhosi baseRoma, kakhulu, zange ikhoboka. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa kancane kunye nemfezeko yenkqubo yolawulo, apho kamva yaziwa ngokuba "kuqoqosho feudal." Sisifo lobukhoboka eYurophu (ingakumbi kumazwe Muslim) andizange wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho.

uqoqosho feudal ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoluntu, kodwa kwinqanaba elisezantsi kakhulu ebango. Inani elikhulu abanini mashishini amancinane ngokobuqu unfree ukuba kukhuthazwa uphuhliso olumandla kuqoqosho. Labour imveliso kwezi meko ayikwazanga phezulu. Noko ke, hayi ukuba lo mzi. Hayi ngaphandle kwesizathu kumaXesha Aphakathi kwakukho intetho ethi: "Umoya umzi yenza free". Umfama, ngubani wakwazi ukubaleka inkosi yakhe, aphile iminyaka eliqela kuloo mzi, waba free ngokusemthethweni. Xa sisithi "kuqoqosho feudal" kuthetha ngale ndlela aphakathi yokwenza kuphela kwezolimo. Esi sixeko ngexesha yaba zikaloliwe yembali, baza baqalisa ukuba avele phambi nokuqala, ubudlelwane ezintsha zongxowankulu: akukho ukwahlula manufactory yabasebenzi.

Njengoko uluntu iphuhlisa ukungahambisalani serfdom kwacaca nje eliwaka iminyaka ngaphambi koko - ukusilela yobukhoboka. EYurophu, waqalisa ngcembe ukupheliswa serfdom, yonke uqoqosho feudal lihambe phambi wongxowankulu.

Kuninzi yeYurophu , serfdom wabhangiswa ngexesha elinesibhozo - kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Enye ithi yokugqibela uye Russian uBukhosi, apho serfdom wabhangiswa ngowe-1861. Kamva, serfdom Russian kwapheliswa eRomania Bulgaria. Kuzo zonke iimeko, iinguqu sele esibhalwe kwasekwa ubudlelane ezintsha longxowankulu.

definition kwezoqoqosho yoqoqosho lwezopolitiko lwenzululwazi, "azalwe" kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, waba sisiseko sokuphuhlisa ezentlalo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. uqoqosho Classical kunye Post-Ongxowankulu longxowankulu baba kuqoqosho kwakunzima kwiinkulungwane owandulelayo, kunye nangokunyanzelwa kwezoqoqosho ukusebenza - ngaphezulu kakhulu ngempumelelo kunokuba non-qoqosho.