Yintoni indlela wobomi esirhangqiweyo iLeningrad?

indlela Transport, esenzeka ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II lonke Lake Ladoga, walibiza Road of Life. Ekubeni ekwindla ka-1941 kunye nobusika ka-1943 kwaba phantse kuphela indlela bebeke iLeningrad, nto leyo kakhulu elifutshane izinto. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga oko endleleni yobomi, uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

qala ukuvimba

Le kuvalwe iindlela isixeko hero of iLeningrad waqala Septemba 8, 1941, xa imikhosi isiJamani kuvala i encirclement ngokuthatha Shlisselburg. Kungenxa esixekweni yathatha ukubeka indlela yokugqibela eyayidibanisa iLeningrad kunye eSoviet Union. Ngoko ke, ithemba lokugqibela ukusindisa abemi yindlala baba zasebusika kuphela kunye umkhenkce of Lake Ladoga.

Ukusiwa lokuqala yindlala

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ichibi yaba iimeko yokukhangela nzima kakhulu, yaye zonke iindlela ubonelelo yakhiwe udluliselwe Lake Ladoga. Kunxweme kwedike akuzanga exhotyiswe nayiphi zankomo okanye pier. Kodwa akazange ayeke umyalelo ukuqala Ukuhanjiswa ukutya ngoSeptemba. Route Road of Life yabanjwa ukusuka Volkhov e Novaya Ladoga , uze emva koko emanzini ukuya Osinovets lighthouse. Phakathi kuSeptemba weza apha amaphenyane zokuqala ezimbini phezu kwayo apho bekukho ngaphezu kweetoni 700 zengqolowa kunye nomgubo. Ukususela ngoko, umhla ka Septemba 12 mini xa ndaqalisa ukusebenza Ladoga indlela yobomi. Nje phambi kokuphela kuka-1941 kwidolophu njengehlwempu wazala malunga 60 lamawaka. Iitoni ezahlukeneyo zeempahla 33,5 amawaka bakhutshwe abantu. Isiseko yonke impahla ethuthwa indlela yokuphila iye kwaneendiza ezaneleyo, ukutya, amafutha kunye emthethweni. iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zobuqhawe zizityebi kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, nasekuxinweni lwe eLeningrad kunye nezixhobo Road of Life, mhlawumbi - enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo.

wempilo

Ukutya, amayeza kunye iimbumbulu ayikho. Ingxaki yaba ukuba isigqibo indlela yobomi (i ice oludlulayo). Ekupheleni November, ubukrelekrele eSoviet waba yokuhlola elipheleleyo edikeni kunye umendo elizayo, yaye ngoNovemba 20 ukuya ngumkhenkce kunye Vaganova iLeningrad ekuhleni ngaphandle kuloliwe yokuqala, apho elikhokelwa uLieutenant M. Moores. 350 iitoni ebusika 63 yomgubo kokuba athunyelwe. Sele kusasa ngoNovemba 21 hide kufika kule ndawo, nto leyo ugwetyelwayo ukusebenza kunye wanikela umyalelo ocacileyo ukuqonda ukuba yintoni na indlela yobomi ukuba unikeze iLeningrad.

Ngosuku olulandelayo esixekweni ukuvimbile 60 izigadla abasuntsubala ndingaz-AA ( "polutorok") wayethunywe, nguMphathi B. nemibutho Porchunov. Indlela yokuphila kumsebenzi kwaliwa lisebenze kangangoko, kuphela zasebusika yokuqala 360 kweetoni eziliwaka impahla zazihanjiswa, apho amawaka 260 - .. ukutya. Iimoto, zibuyela mpumalanga, qiniseka ukuba emzimbeni wakhe abemi abaninzi beso sixeko, bakhutshwe kunyaka wokuqala kwafa ngeenxa 550 lamawaka. Man. Ngenxa izithuthi eyondeleleneyo nokudla eLeningrad abandisiweyo kwaye abantu baba ndisitya.

Inqanaba elitsha kobonelelo

Inqanaba elilandelayo yeNavigeyishini kwi Lake Ladoga waqala ngasekupheleni ngoMeyi 1942, iinqanawa impahla uthuthwa kumacala omabini ngaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 kwempahla, apho 700 lamawaka. Ngaba eLeningrad. Ukuya wase babalekiswa amawaka 445. Abantu ukusuka umphakathi. Kwicala umva ukuya phambi kokuba zisiwe malunga 300 lamawaka. Military.

42 ihlobo wenza kube lula ukwakha umbhobho ngpaha komzantsi Lake Ladoga, okwenza ukuba isixeko anike amafutha, kunye nentambo lokunika igunya yombane ukuya kwi Volkhov kwisitishi kagesi.

Ukususela phakathi kuDisemba 1942 ukuya kuMatshi 1943 iye kwakhona baqalisa ukwenza sele indlela edume zobomi. Ngeli xesha, kuye zathuthwa ngaphezu kwamawaka 200 of eyonakalayo ezahlukeneyo bakhutshwe 100 lamawaka. Man.

January 18, iinjongo 1943, i-Red Army nxeba ngenxa yotshaba Shlisselburg, kwaye kuvalwe iindlela iLeningrad waba eyaphukileyo. Ngoko nangoko emva kwesi siganeko, lenziwe kaloliwe, apho waya kuyo yonke imizi Georgia ngaphandle naziphi na iingxaki. Kamva le ndlela ogama Victory Road. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, indlela Ladoga waqhubeka ukusebenza de okukunyusa wokugqibela zokungqinga kuwo umzi, oko kukuthi, de ngoJanuwari 1944.

Inkcazelo yendlela

Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: "Yintoni na le Indlela Yokuphila" - akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwenkcazelo ngokucokisekileyo indlela yayo. Oku kwaqala kwi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Finnish nomhlaba uye walandela ngakuLwandle Ladoga, uze ngqo kwi edikeni zibambene. Kulo mzekelo, i-Road ohamba of Life kwenzeka neekhilomitha nje 25 ukusuka kwizikhundla utshaba elunxwemeni, ukusuka apho umlilo ihamba neenqwelo. Abaqhubi zithwele izithuthi rhoqo esichengeni ubomi babo, ehamba phantsi umlilo zokudubula German kunye nomkhosi womoya kunye esichengeni ukuze bawe phantsi kwe ice echibini. Ke, phezu kwazo zonke iingxaki endleleni yonke imihla ubaleka ukusuka iitoni ezintlanu ukuya asibhozo nemithwalo eyahlukeneyo.

Ngexesha ukusetyenziswa, indlela edume wamiswa ngokwenene ukwazi; ngabangcangcazelisi kakhulu ekusebenziseni intshukumo kule ice - hayi ehlasela ngu ekuhlaseleni German, kunye nentshukumo kwisantya resonant. Kwesi sikhundla, nayiphi na imoto waya phantsi womkhenkce kwindawo apho kwiiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambili yabanjwa tyazhelogruzheny wonogada. Ngoko ke, isantya intshukumo kwingingqi nganye chibi kulawulwa ngokungqongqo.

I ngakumbi okumiselwe Road of Life

Njengoko usazi, entwasahlobo ka-1943, xa kwafa isangqa iLeningrad olwaludiliziwe, indlela yobomi indawo indawo Victory Road entsha, nto leyo umgca isebe ukusuka Volkhov ukuya eLeningrad. Kodwa ukutya ebusika esixekweni ekhutshwe yi indlela endala - ngaphesheya Lake Ladoga.

Angels Leningrad yaye kuvalwe ngakumbi, bayimizekelo yinkulumbuso umoya uthando lokwenene elide. Izigidi zabantu abangazange kwiNgxowa elutshabeni, ubunzima bonke ubunzima kunye iingxaki zaloo minyaka yemfazwe. Yintoni indlela yobomi? Le yenye uqulukubhode xa abaninzi abantu Soviet kule minyaka imfazwe.