Lomhleli Santiago Calatrava kunye neeprojekthi zayo odumileyo

Inspiration, ukufundisisa yomhlaba, izisombululo zobugcisa, intsimbi kunye eziphathekayo - iinkalo eziphambili izibonelelo buvele esebenza, okudalwe wezakhiwo edume izakhiwo ayikwazi kulityalwa xa kanye wabona. Oku Santiago Calatrava. Imisebenzi yakhe kuphunyezwa eSpeyin, eSwitzerland, eUnited States, eKhanada. Ukudalwa lo mntu okhethekileyo, wabonakala ehlabathini lonke kunye nehlazo. Calatrava evuselela nayiphi na indawo, iyenza sihle ngakumbi yaye zisebenza. umyili Spanish ezifunyenwe ingqalelo ngenxa isimbo lwekamva, ezintsha zobugcisa kunye ubuhle kwizakhiwo ezenzelwe kwaye luyaqaliswa.

Santiago Calatrava: biography

Kufuphi Valencia July 28, 1951 wazalwa umakhi elizayo iibhulorho, izikhululo, zemidlalo kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezichaphazela inkangeleko yazo engaqhelekanga. Santiago athi kayise, nangona ingqalelo umsebenzi zorhwebo, kodwa yena wayemthanda yobugcisa yaye wayefuna ukubethelela umbono zobugcisa ezinobuchule ihlabathi unyana wakhe. Ngenxa yoko, esemncinane le nkwenkwe waya Prado Museum waza waqalisa ukuba nomdla ukugwala imikrolo. Kwiminyaka esibhozo, Santiago Calatrava imibombo sele ezotywe kwiphepha Whatman esikolweni ubugcisa e Valencia.

bokubandezeleka eSpeyin baye phambili imfundo ngaphandle karhulumente zakowabo. Kwiminyaka-13, abazali uhambo unyana Paris kwinkqubo yotshintshiselwano umfundi, apho wayezele nobukhulu sesakhiwo kwesi sixeko esihle. Inyathelo elilandelayo ekwenzeni umsebenzi waqeqeshwa kwi Polytechnic University of Valencia, Santiago Calatrava owaphumelela ngo-1973. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, lo mfo waya eSwitzerland, apho waqhubeka ukufunda into oyithandayo kwicandelo lokwakha, kodwa njengento engineer. kweminyaka emine eSantiago wafunda kwiYunivesithi of Technology yase Zurich. Ngo-1981, waba ngugqirha of Sciences zobugcisa umsunguli istudiyo izakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo eSwitzerland.

Umsebenzi wokuqala kunye nokuqondwa

Omnye wemisebenzi yokuqala, onikhuphileyo ingqalelo ngezizwe eSantiago, yaba kwisikhululo sikaloliwe (Stedelhofen) e Zurich. Nangona uve banga wezakhiwo wavela e Santiago usafunda iziqu. Noogxa babo lwenzululwazi, walungiselela wakha echibini. Kodwa ke kwakungekho kakhulu elula kwindawo yezemidlalo, ukufezwa kwalo kunokwenzeka ukuba sigcine abadlulayo-By ezinekhono ngezantsi.

Projects Santiago Calatrava ngo-1986 wongeza isicwangciso esitsha ukuphunyezwa yi kwindawo linyanzelisa imoto kwebhulorho eziphathekayo in Valencia wakhe. Emva konyaka yingcali eziselula lo msebenzi wawongwa International Union of yabaYili.

Ngowe-1989, Calatrava kunye nomsebenzi wakhe waya kuloyiso yemarike yokwakha French. Ngelo xesha ke wavula studio yakhe eParis wayila kwisikhululo sikaloliwe e Lyon. Santiago Calatrava wavula ngo-1991 kwi-ofisi Valencia izakhiwo kunye nolwakhiwo.

Olimpiki

Amazwe kwi nginginya iziganeko zemidlalo ngamazwe, njengoko umgaqo, lonke ixesha zama ukufumana iindwendwe oyinyaniso, kusimangalise iimvakatjhi izakhiwo zokwakha kunye nokucwangciswa emthendelekweni. Ngoko ke, kuyo yonke iminyaka neengcali ezizezona inxaxheba soqulunqo kweMidlalo YeOlimpiki ngokubaluleka. Ngowe-1992, lezemidlalo zasehlotyeni zabanjwa e Barcelona, nangenxa translation efunekayo lomnxeba enqabeni yawo. Kakade ke, lo wezakhiwo Santiago Calatrava iye sikhethwe yi-kaRhulumente oyingcali ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kweziko kwindawo lwembonakalo lizwe.

Ngomhla entabeni Montjuïc imitha-136 inqaba kwakhiwa kwiminyaka emithathu. Calatrava lomqondo ukwenza isakhiwo kunye imbaleki itotshi. Kule ngokungaqheleki nto ayizange iphele. Le spire luhlobo iiyure utolo, oluba komthunzi nenqaba isiseko, ngaloo ndlela ibonisa ixesha.

Olimpiki Summer 1992 - isiganeko zemidlalo kuphela, apho washiya yamanyala yomsebenzi creator wakhe Spanish. Ngo-2004, Santiago Calatrava, wamenyelwa ngenxa kuvuselelwa eAthene zemidlalo.

Intshukumo - isiseko umsebenzi wezakhiwo

Umakhi le projekthi asetyenziswa aba nomdla wakhe kwinkqubo yezothutho kwaye kuphuculwe ukuhamba kwabantu. Ke phakathi imisebenzi inkosi kufuneka kuqatshelwe egcwele iphepha yokuhlala e Malmö. Klauzury Santiago Calatrava, ezaba sisiseko ekudalweni indlu enkulu, liqulethe ingcamango intshukumo. Kwelinye iintetho kubanjelwa Institute Moscow, Santiago wathi: "Architecture khona ngenxa yabantu, uze umzimba womntu ezichaphazela sesakhiwo ngokwemiqathango etyhutyha, isingqisho kunye nobukhulu."

Esi sakhiwo iqulathe amacandelo iipentagons ezisithoba, nganye ibekwe kwi imigangatho emihlanu. kwilungu ngalinye basonte ngokubhekiselele kwiziseko yangaphambili yokugqibela degrees 90 xa kuthelekiswa kowokuqala. iminyaka emine ukwakha izakhiwo. Ngo-2005, nenqaba imitha-190 yavulwa ngokusesikweni. Unanamhla oku yenye ezinomtsalane eziphambili eSweden, yaye isakhiwo yesibini emide eYurophu.

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-21: ukufikelela kwilizwekazi entsha

Ngowe-2001, kwi State of Wisconsin, kufutshane complex ekhoyo museum art, wavuka le nkundla wesithathu Kvadrachchi. iisilingi angaphantsi, ezinokususwa ilanga kwisinqandi-ezifana kome amaphiko kwentaka, - uyilo esisiseko noshowo isakhiwo, wadalwa yi yingqondi efana eSantiago Calatrava. Photo uyilo ukunyanzela kunye nobugcisa yayo itsala izihlwele abakhenkethi eLake Michigan. Glass inkundla iTreatment enemilo a parabola. Zonke izakhiwo imyuziyam Calatrava emanyeneyo zibe womnatha enye entsonkothileyo oluntsonkothileyo kwo ngeenyawo.

Enye umtsalane, kuphela eli xesha eMzantsi Merika, yaphunyezwa ngo-2001 yi ingcamango womzobi Spanish kaThixo. Kwaya Puente de la IMujer. Engineering ukusungula kumbindi ibhulorho ukuhamba ngenxa sicatshulwa beempahla ezinkulu. Ngokutsho umakhi, oko waphefumlela ukuba niyakhe le ekwakheni umculo yasekuhlaleni. Kwaye umyili kuthwelwe izingqisho weva ekudaleni ibhulorho e Buenos Aires.

"The City of Arts and Sciences"

Iinjineli Santiago Calatrava fyabo ayikwazanga ngoyaba ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Hayi kude Valencia, kwindawo 350.000 m ^2, oko imbaxa ekhethekileyo enikelwe kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko nezesayensi. Izinto zokuqala "isixeko" zezi: a iziko, bhanyabhanya neziveliso yeqonga laser. Ngo-2000 wayivula Museum of Science, kwakunye epakini ohlayo. Emva kwexesha elithile, ukuvulwa oceanarium eYurophu likhulu imilo neenyibiba. Umsebenzi fanele kuFelikis Candela, umakhi, kunye Calatrava inxaxheba ekwakheni iindawo umdla e Valencia. Isakhiwo yokugqibela 'isixeko' waba House Opera. Eli bhotwe bokwakha yenzelwe ukuba baziqhelanise umntu kunye nemiba eyahlukeneyo yobugcisa, indalo, inzululwazi neteknoloji.

Ebusuku, xa kufika ukukhanya ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo ngeenxa ebumnyameni, zonke ezi indalo zifana amathambo yezilwanyana.

ukugxekwa

iiprojekthi Santiago kuphela eyaziwayo, kodwa imali eninzi. Ngaphezu koko, ixabiso lokugqibela umsebenzi idlula Uqikelelo sokuqala, kwaye kukho iimbambano phezu malunga nokuphunyezwa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izakhiwo Calatrava zoba embindini kwihlazo.

"The City of Arts and Sciences" ikwazile ngo-million 900 euro, nto leyo kathathu ngaphezulu kwe-mali sokuqala. Izakhiwo zakhiwo ngexesha lokugunyazisa layo wayeswele zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka kunye zokubalekela umlilo, nasemva kokuba iimpazamo sele ziphelisiwe Santiago, kodwa iindleko kwemali karhulumente.

Yenjineli Santiago Calatrava, kukudala terminal moya Bilbao, alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo umthamo ngesakhiwo. Ngoko ke, abakhweli abapase ulawulo amasiko, kwafuneka ukuba silindele ukufumana impahla esitalatweni. Ngo-2000, i-moya nalo phantsi ekupheliseni iimpazamo.

Bridge zubizuri kwavula kunye Iizilebhu iglasi enemvula kwaba indawo esibuhlungu. Siseko Bridge e Venice kwakhona seyihlatywe amadlala. Izizathu azikho ixesha kuphela yaye izihlandlo ezithathu iindleko zeprojekthi, kodwa ukusebenza. Akukho ezithambekileyo, yinto enkulu kakhulu, iyenza nzima ukususa abakhulileyo.

Isikhululo sikaloliwe eNew York

Ukwakhiwa isikhululo S-Bahn komhlaba kwiSixeko saseNew York on kwisiza iinqaba amawele nawo olwenziwe kwiiprojekthi ze Calatrava. izakhiwo Design ngaphezu komgangatho womhlaba ikhangeleka njengentaka bakhululwe ezandleni umntwana. Ngaphakathi kukho uphuma, ibhasi zokumisa, izikhululo, ogama iindonga zenziwa lemabhile. Ukugqitywa imisebenzi icetyelwe-2016 kunye iindleko eziibhiliyoni ezi-4, nangona ekuqaleni eyenzelwe ukwakhiwa $ 1.9 yezigidi zezigidi.

Enye incwadi anegunya ekupapasheni ibango ukuba iindleko zokwakha isikhululo zabaxwa ngabom. Ukungqinwa nkampani yophicotho-zincwadi, wathuma iprojekthi ukusuka wezakhiwo Spanish.

isiphelo

Ukuphendula ugxekwa kuthiwe ekhusela wezakhiwo ukuba abathengi bakhe ngoku - abathengi abaphindayo. "Injongo kwezakhiwo zam - ukwenza lo mzi unique nokwandisa amava abantu," - wathi Santiago Calatrava. Okubonwayo - oku ubizo lwakhe. Bekuya Kubonakala ukuba oko ikushiye uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa izinto ezibalulekileyo zokwakha, ezifana iibhulorho, izikhululo? Imisebenzi uMdali Spanish, izakhiwo, ezikhumbuzo, izakhiwo, ufanelwe ingqalelo.

Nguye ke umbhali kwezakhiwo zokwakha amahlanu, yaye ngaphezu isebenza kweshumi lisephantsi nophuhliso.