Eliyi Shushkevich - sisazinzulu ngempumelelo kunye wezopolitiko

Eliyi Shushkevich (15 Disemba 1934) ukuba sisazinzulu Belarusian kunye wezopolitiko. Ukususela ngowe-1991 ukuya ku-1994 yena usihlalo weBhunga Ephakamileyo Republic of Belarus. Waziwa kakhulu njengoko njengommeli Belarus, usayine isivumelwano Bialowieza ukuseka i ico.

Imvelaphi kunye neminyaka yokufunda

Apho ke waqalisa uhambo ubomi wakhe Shushkevich eliyi Stanislavovich? ngobomi bakhe sele iqalile usapho Belarusian-Polish e Minsk. Unina Helena Razumovsky yaba umguquleli kunye nombhali, yapapashwa kumaphephandaba Polish, ephuma ku imi- 20-30-e Belarus, uyise - imbongi Belarusian kunye nombhali. kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuzalwa, unyana wakhe, wabanjwa kwaye bakhonza ixesha kwimigodi Kuzbass, wakhululwa kuphela ngo-1946. Sibuya ekhaya, waqala ukufundisa kwisikolo yasemaphandleni. Kodwa izenzo nyanyisa ye ntolongo kaStalin waphinda wabanjwa ngowe-1949 kwaye wagxothelwa i Krasnoyarsk Territory. Ekugqibeleni wabuyela Belarus ngo-1956.

Iyamangalisa, kodwa ibala "utshaba unyana yabantu," nto leyo baphanga (nokuba ezaphukileyo), ubomi oontanga abaninzi eliyi Shushkevich, kuyabonakala ukuba, kube nafuthe Isiphelo sakhe. Ngowe-1951 waphumelela esikolweni kulo nyaka lafumana physics lubalulekileyo nemathematika i-Belarusian State University (BSU), umnyaka woyekelelo uphela kayise wakhe, yaye ngoko nangoko yaba umfundi kwesidanga sokuqala Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences ye Byelorussian SSR.

umsebenzi Ekuqaleni kwixesha eSoviet

Kungekudala emva kokusebenza "meneesom" kwi kwiziko lakho, eliyi Shushkevich uya CSC injineli esiphezulu Minsk Radio Works. Nangona le mveliso inxaxheba kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo kuphando ngokwasemzimbeni. Ekubeni ngeli xesha ezinxulumene isiqephu umdla, leyo ukhumbula lula ngokwakhe eliyi Shushkevich. Biography wamsa ngokufutshane akukho mntu wumbi, kodwa umbulali elizayo esemthethweni US Mongameli Kennedy Lee Harvi Osvaldom.

Into yokuba uYohane wafikayo ngo-1959 kwi-USSR phezu visa umkhenkethi lowu umnqweno wakhe ukuhlala eSoviet Union. Emva kokwala olwandle wazama ukuzibulala. Waya kumkhawulela kwaye ukucacisa indawo yokuhlala Minsk waza wathumela ukusebenza kumzi-mveliso radio. Shushkevich wathetha IsiNgesi ngokunjalo, olawula yokujongana ne-American, Russian. Xa yakhe, Oswald akazange enze naliphi na umbono ebonakalayo, wakhangela ngababuthuntu lingenandaba, kwaye Umkhandi laliphakathi nje. Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele ukuba angene Minsk umfazi oselula, naye kungekudala wabuyela wabuyela eUnited.

umsebenzi yezenzululwazi USSR

Ngowe-1961, eliyi Shushkevich wabuyela Belarusian State University, apho iminyaka emithandathu sidluliselwa injineli senior kwintloko yeSebe yelebhu zenzululwazi. Ngowe-1967 wamiselwa isekela-Ngqonyela umsebenzi ziinzululwazi Minsk Radio Engineering Institute. Ngokutsho memoirs ka Shushkevich, ngexesha ukuqeshwa entsha, waba non-elithile. Le meko kunzima kakhulu ukuba asebenze kwindawo entsha, ekubeni zonke izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ezithathwe kwi ikomiti iqela le kwiziko ngaphandle inxaxheba yakhe. Ukhankanye ukuba iKomiti Party City, Shushkevich wafuna ukufumana isisombululo kule ngxaki. Ngenxa yoko, ngoko nangoko wathabatha Communist Party, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuqhubeka ukusebenza ngaphandle iingxaki.

Ukususela ngo-1967, iminyaka emibini wasebenza kwi-Institute for Science uSekela-Ngqonyela.

Ngowe-1969, eliyi Shushkevich wabuyela State University, apho iminyaka 7 unjingalwazi nentloko yesebe ye physics yenyukliya. Ukususela ngowe-1986, uye waba uSekela-Ngqonyela of State University of Science.

qala politkarery

Kanye ngaphambi kokuba Shushkevich eliyi Stanislavovich wayengusosayensi odumileyo Belarusian, ilungu engundoqo, i-Belarusian Academy of Sciences, nombhali monographs eziliqela kunye namanqaku angaphezulu kwama-150 nezi-50 waba mabhaso awahlukeneyo karhulumente.

Ngowe-1990 wonyulwa Wokuqala uSekela Sihlalo weBhunga ePhakamileyo of Belarus. Emva mdibi ukuzama eSoviet Union ngoAgasti 1991 yena wafuna kokubizwa kwiseshoni ngokungaqhelekanga wePalamente, kodwa kokulahlwa nguSihlalo wayo Nikolaya Dementeya.

Emva kokuba uloyiso Borisa Eltsina ngomhla wama-26 Agasti umbuso yakhethwa. ngayo. USihlalo we wePalamente, kwaye ngomhla wama-31 Agasti waba usihlalo wayo. Ngexesha lolawulo lwakhe, wayezixhasa zokulungisa kwicala loqoqosho yorhwebo.

isivumelwano Bialowieza

Ngokutsho memoirs Shushkevich, yena zazvat iziko zolonwabo owayesakuba Boris Yeltsin ngayo le Central Committee CPSU kwi Bialowieza Ihlathi ngoDisemba 1991 kungekhona ngenjongo yokuba ayichithe eSoviet Union, yaye ukuzama ukuseka indlela ngekamva lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho phakathi Belarus naseRussia ngaphandle inxaxheba abasemagunyeni federal, ngubani kwakucingwa Shushkevich kwixesha elizayo xa kuphela zokuhombisa, into efana Confederation evakalala. Ingcamango mema efanayo, kwaye Z Kravchuk wesuka emva kudityaniso lokufika Yeltsin kaThixo.

Kwaye ngoko ke leza ehlathini iinkokheli ezintathu nakwiiriphabliki Slavic omiweyo exhanyulwa emaqandeni abo bukwimizila eqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho Shushkevich, izivumelwano kwi kwasekwayo unxulumano noqoqosho phakathi ziiriphabliki emithathu iphumelele, kodwa umphetho mbuzo ngawe kufuneka ukuba ufune isivumelwano USSR uMongameli Gorbachev. Zonke bobathathu kakhulu akazange afune ukuyenza loo nto, kodwa simemo luvuleleke ukuba bashiye akukho mntu ubenobuganga umbutho sivumelwano. Xa indima indawo yezihlabo wenza ibinzana sibi kuthi sonke phezu ukuqatshelwa yiSoviet Union yaphela, wenza umbhalo Yeltsin Gennady Burbulis. Shushkevich uthi ngelo xesha wathi "Burbulis ngamandla nomona".

December 8, eliyi Shushkevich isayinwe kunye Borisom Eltsinym no Z Kravchuk, uxwebhu apho i eSoviet Union yaphela kwaye similise i-Commonwealth of Independent States (ico).

End of career

Further umsebenzi kwezopolitiko of hero yethu ifana kakhulu umendo Z Kravchuk. Ukuzama ukuphumeza iinguqulelo kwimarike olukhulu olwaqalwa kwamaxabiso lwabo olubi, lokuhla imali emali of Belarusians - konke oku nxamnye naye esempilweni, imikhosi comprador yezopolitiko, nto leyo ngo-1994 kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukurhoxa Shushkevich. Uye wazama kulo nyaka ukuze abhaliswe kwi imbali umongameli wokuqala Belarus (eliyi Shushkevich), ukuthatha inxaxheba kulonyulo umongameli, kodwa amanqaku% 10 kuphela kuvotwe. Belarusians onengqondo ngumengameli Alexander Lukashenko, oze wazimela phantsi kobunkokheli eli lizwe ukususela 1995, kuphela GDP ekhulayo (enye kuphela onke amazwe post-eSoviet).

Ukususela ngoko, kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 eliyi Shushkevich echasene kwabasemagunyeni Belarusian. It zisendaweni wesizwe kakhulu, lo gama indawo pro-Western, uhlala ukuba ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 Belarus yaba lithanga Russian kunye yangoku kwilizwe labo luthelekiswa i "Wesithathu".