Phi kwaye nini na Cortes eSpeyin? ntoni eli gama lithetha ntoni?

Ngelo xesha, Spain wayengomnye izikumkani zinamandla eYurophu. ubungayi kuba kwenzeke ngaphandle inkqubo ecacileyo lwangaphakathi igunya yobukumkani, nto leyo izigqibo zayo yayisekelwe impembelelo zezibonda ezimbini A nefuthe elikhulu kunye nemigaqo-ngxwaba abalawuli balo - imikhosi icawa kunye nabasemagunyeni. Yeyona isebe yesibini kukarhulumente kunye amelwe i Cortes.

Authority - Cortes

Phi kwaye nini Cortes wabonakala, akunakwenzeka nje ukuba uthini. Kwakusazeka ukuba kwinkulungwane ye-12, lo gama sele yayisetyenziswa Indies kunye namaxwebhu asemthethweni. Imvelaphi la maqumrhu enxulumene igama ookumkani yokuqala Spanish - Fernando II kunye Alfonso IX.

I Cortes zinyulwe iindibano ezifana iPalamente of England kunye neUnited Jikelele e-France. Noko ke, eSpeyin kule uhlobo lorhulumente intwana phaya ekuqaleni. E Castile Korol Fernando II bafuna icebiso hayi kuphela wabanumzana, abefundisi, kodwa ukuchuma abemi - caballero. Yaba umtshato phakathi unyana wakhe kunye Infanta Berenguelloy Frindiha Barbarossa Conrad. Imvumelwano lomtshato phakathi iindlalifa zizikumkani ezibini ezinamandla eziqulethwe izinto ezininzi bawuhloniphe.

Le etymology lo gama

Ngelishwa, akukho ngedatha ethembekileyo malunga gama lithetha ntoni. Ukwazi phi yaye xa Cortes wabonakala eSpeyin, oko ukucacisa imvelaphi kanye kwikota. Kungenzeka, oko abolekwe lwesigodi isiCastilian okanye Aragonese yolwimi iSpanish kunye neengcambu zawo lokuqala ezilahlekileyo kwiinkulungwane. KumaXesha Aphakathi kusasa, lo gama idla ugalelwe ioli elithi "lalikhathazwe" Latin. Mhlawumbi impendulo yombuzo "oko Cortes" ilele kubantu komthetho wamaRoma. Kodwa phi kwaye xa Cortes wabonakala eSpeyin, nendlela ukuba similise okwaloo kwiziko loluntu ukuba ngaba waphendula ngaphezulu. Emva Cortes - i AMAGQABAZA ▸ ephalamende mihla kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu.

Nezimiso Alfonso IX

Malunga phi yaye xa Cortes wabonakala eSpeyin, oosonzululwazi nangoku bexambulisana. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwenkulungwane ye-12 kuzo zonke iintlanganiso nabathengi atyebileyo abazange ngendlela. Ngowe-1188, uKumkani Alfonso León ekuthiwa abantu abazizityebi, abameli yezikhulu kunye nabefundisi - abona bantu bangcono nosaziwayo kakhulu eSpeyin. Kuba yintoni injongo zidalwe Cortes, sinokufunda yeembali ngokufutshane ixesha. Ezi abameli kwiiklasi amathathu impahla bazithoba enkosini yakhe. Ukumkani, nayo, wathabatha isifungo ukuba uyavuma ukuba sithembeke ebantwini, bahloniphe amalungelo kunye nezithethe lizwe.

Yintoni Cortes? Ezinjalo izivumelwano ubuhlobo bonisa kwindawo yokuqala ukuba umbuso eSpeyin ayizange ingundoqo - umthetho elula wobukhosi ekukhuliseni imali okanye nekhuthaza abemi zange akusosiqinisekiso ngokuzaliseka ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa ngokuchasene nentsukaphi ukungqubana rhoqo amaSilamsi, isisongelo onjalo unokuba ookumkani inkululeko geqe. Ngoko ke, ezinye inkxaso abemi Leon kunye Castile kwakufuneka. Kwaba kukhona ke kwabonakala intlanganiso yokuqala bombutho eSpeyin.

Kuba yintoni injongo zidaliwe Cortes?

Okokuqala - ukuphumeza inkxaso yabemi ukuba imisebenzi zomkhosi kunye nemicimbi yoluntu. Okwesibini - ekuveliseni imithetho ethile yentsebenziswano phakathi kwabahlali, abefundisi kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo. Le mithetho for kweenqanawa imithetho propati yabucala kunye irhafu. A iseti yemithetho zinokudityaniswa evuselela ngokuba "fueros".

Inkangeleko i Cortes

Imibhalo ephakathi kunye yemihla bakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo phi kwaye nini Cortes wabonakala eSpeyin. Ibali iya ukuba izixeko yokuqala, ilawulwa yi esebenzisa Cortes, baba Castile uLeon. Le ixesha yezi ntlanganiso kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba kwinkulungwane 11-12. Inyathelo lesibini ukunika nxalenye sinamandla amalungelo abemi kunye beguqukele ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ezimele. Okuphawulekayo intlanganiso Cortes ngo-1202, xa abemi baziincamisa bathenga igunya lasebukhosini ilungelo zetyeleba zemali zegolide. Kuba ukwakhiwa ilungelo isixa esikhulu sele ihlawulwe, eseyiphantse amaxesha amathandathu ngaphezu kwabo bonke ngongeniselo ukumkani iirhafu kunye nemirhumo.

emafeni ezintathu

Yazi, abefundisi kunye abemi - Caballeros - iiklasi abathathu inxaxheba emsebenzini Cortes. iindibano ezintsha zomthetho azisoloko singabala abameli bawo iindidi ezintathu impahla. Estado militar - abasemagunyeni - ukubeka imibuzo eya eluntwini. isebe wengqesho wadalwa abameli nguKumkani - amberos Rikos kunye iindwalutho - Hidalgo kunye infanson. Abefundisi naye wayekhona iifom ezimbini - a WASE esembindini kunye nabefundisi bendawo. amandla wesithathu amelwe Estado llano - iindwendwe ezivela kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Umyalelo nxaxheba zawo zange mgangathweni. Kwindawo yokuqala kwi Cortes kwakukho abameli izixeko akwi isithsaba. Enye imeko yaba phambi kwibhunga ledolophu ngokwakhe - Consejo. Kukho iimeko xa abemi benze izigqibo ngokwabo.

Phi kwaye nini la Cortes eSpeyin, ezibandakanya abemi? Eyaziwa intlanganiso e Valladolid ngo-1295 no emine kwiminyaka kamva. Imiba zaxoxwa kwezi ntlanganiso, akazange anikezele ubukho yezikhulu kunye nabefundisi.

Ke kaloku Cortes - imizimba iphezulu yowiso of Spain. Apha, ukuthatha izigqibo eziphathelele kurhulumente lonke. Kwaye kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba imvelaphi yale fomu urhulumente sabekwa iminyaka eliwaka eyadlulayo kwi Castile uLeon.