Lo mzekelo Tsarevich Alexei. Alexei Petrovich Romanov: ukwala kwetrone

Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov wazalwa ngo February 18, 1690 kule uguquka. 23,02 wabhaptizwa. Nguye lo yindlalifa kwitrone Russian nonyana omdala uPetros Omkhulu. Umama wakhe umfazi wokuqala kumkani Evdokia Lopuchin.

Alexei Petrovich: ibhayografi emfutshane

Kwiminyaka yokuqala yobomi ebino-Natali Kirillovny - umakhulu wam. Kwiminyaka 6 Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov waqalisa ukufunda ukufunda nokubhala ngendlela elula nabangafundanga Nikifor Vyazemsky. Ngowe-1698, Evdokia Lopuchin owayevale- eMonastri. Ukusuka kule elugcinweni ngongoma unyana wakhe uPetros wathabatha Natalia Alekseevna (anti). Inkwenkwe ndasiwa ebhotweni Kumbi.

Ngowe-1699, uPetros, ukhumbula unyana wakhe, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndimthumele kuye Dresden ukufunda, kunye sofuzo. Karlovic. Nangona kunjalo, le yokugqibela wafa. Njengoko mentor endaweni Jikelele wamema uNeugebauer Saxon of the University of Leipzig. Noko ke, ukubopha umthetheli utitshala ezintsha ayisebenzi, kangangokuba ngo-1702 yena waphulukana isikhundla sakhe. Imfundo le nkwenkwe laqala ukwenza Baron Gyuyssena. N. Vyazemsky ngo-1708 ingxelo Tsar Alexei ababenza isiFrentshi kwakunye nesiJamani, lifunda ibali, wabhala emaphini lihlola affixes kunye declination.

Kude 1709 lo mfana ehlala kude uyise yoTshintsho. Ababemi kwibhotwe abantu nolwaluphenjelelwe nobuntu Tsarevich Alexei. Ngokutsho kwakhe, babefundisa ukuba ahambe rhoqo ukuze cherntsam kunye nababingeleli, podpivat nabo, "bigots".

ungquzulwano

Peter and Alexei Petrovich waba nembono eyahlukileyo ubomi kunye polity. YoMlawuli yafuna yindlalifa amagama afanayo, kodwa yokugqibela wayengekho imfundo. Ngexesha ukukhuthazwa balwa emhlabeni uPetros wayalela unyana wakhe ukuba balandele uqeqesho kwamalungu kunye nenkqubo yokwakha iinqaba eMoscow. Kodwa ke ngenxa yemisebenzi uyise yindlalifa leyo aneliseke kakhulu. Ingakumbi bamqumbisa ulwazi ngexesha imisebenzi Alexei Petrovich waya unina yakhe Suzdal monastery.

Ngowe-1709, ekhatshwa Golovkin kunye Trubetskoy ulutsha wathunyelwa Dresden ukufunda iilwimi, "kwimicimbi yezobupolitika" kunye inqaba. Emva kokugqitywa Alexei Petrovich kwafuneka ukuba bapase iimviwo phambi kayise. Ke inkwenkwe, esoyikela ukuba kumkani uya kwenza kube nzima ukwenza umzobo, ezama ukuba kutolwe wena esandleni. Uyise nomsindo bambetha waza wamalela ukuba avele enkundleni. Kodwa kamva wawuvula umsebenzi.

umshado

Ngowe-1707 Gyuyssena inika iqabane Prince - Princess Charlotte of Lüneburg. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1710 babona. Emva konyaka, ekuqaleni Epreli, oko basayina isivumelwano umtshato. October 14, 1711 eTorgau kumtshato zobungangamela zenzeka. Xa umtshato, wazala intombi, uNatalia nonyana uPetros. Emva kokuzalwa iCharlotte lokugqibela wafa. Tsarevich Alexei Romanov wakhetha inkosikazi Euphrosyne of ngamakhoboka Vyazemsky. Ngayo, wathi kamva waya eYurophu.

UPetros Alexei Petrovich ubangela ingxabano +

Kuzo zonke iimeko, leyo lilawula urhulumente, lo mlawuli wabeka amandla akhe luphawu noncedo. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi yotshintsho ka uPetros yavusa iimvakalelo ziyatshintshatshintsha phakathi uziziqwempu yabemi. Against wokuguqula bakhe abatoli, iingangamsha, abefundisi. Kamva wazihlanganisa Tsarevich Alexei, unyana uPetros. Ngokutsho Bestuzhev-Ryumin, lo mfana waba lixhoba nokungakwazi kayise ukuqonda umthetho kunye neemfuno ubuntu bakhe, ngaye yonke umsebenzi ukuzingisa yayintsha. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba uvelwano elibonakalisa uAlex ukuba ngabanquli yamandulo, wadliswa nje lo mkhuba ngokwasengqondweni, kodwa kulinywa kwaye zigcinwe kwindawo yayo. De kube yimfuneko ukuba umba ilifa yaba, beze ukusilela.

Peter bathuthunjiswe ingcamango ukuba unyana wakhe wayeza kutshabalalisa yonke into yenziwe. Yena Ukuphila kwakhe oguqukayo nenkqubo endala, ukuyilwa ngurhulumente omtsha. Njengoko ezihlangwini zakhe akazange abone ukuba ezihlangwini umsebenzi. UPetros Tsarevich Alexei ukuba ephikisanayo iinjongo, isimo sengqondo, iminqweno, imilinganiselo, iintshukumisa. Le meko iye sibi kukwahlukana umphakathi abaxhasi kunye abachasi nohlaziyo. iqela ngalinye negalelo kuphuhliso impixano, leyo isiphelo sayo kabuhlungu.

Uluvo M. P. Pogodina

Ufundo ukungqubana uPetros kunye nonyana wakhe ibandakanyeka kakhulu-mbali nabaphandi. Omnye wabo Pogodin. Wayekholelwa ukuba Alexei ngokwayo ayikho kwaphela slobs kunye nendawo. Kwincwadi yakhe, wabhala ukuba lo mfana ukwazi kakhulu. Xa inkcitho lwengoma ethi prince kubonisiwe inkcitho uncwadi kwamanye amazwe. Kuzo zonke izixeko apho wahlala, waza wafumana imali enkulu wopapasho, ekube enesiqulatho ngokomoya kuphela. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho i zembali iincwadi, eni, iimaphu. NeAlex indawo. Pogodin kukhokelela Gyuyssena amazwi, owathi ukuba lo mfana kobephethwe ngamabhongo, ovalelweyo yi ubulumko, ingqiqo, kwakunye ndamvuselela kakhulu, ukuba bahlabele kwaye ufumane yonke into ingqalelo kuyimfuneko ukuba ezihlangwini kurhulumente enkulu. Alex waba cwaka, umlinganiswa yokuthobela, babonisa umnqweno abuyise ngenyameko yabo konke oko kulahlekileyo kwimfundo.

flight

Ukuzalwa unyana wakhe kunye nokufa umfazi wakhe Alexey kungqamane kokufika umntwana uPetros kunye nomfazi wakhe Catherine, ogama uPetros. Esi siganeko ihlunguzela isikhundla lamadodana, njengokuba ngoku akukho umdla uyise njengoko yindlalifa ngenkani. Ngosuku ukungcwatywa Sharlotty Pet wamnika Alexis ileta. Kuyo, wamohlwaya yindlalifa ngenxa yokungabikho olungaka kwimicimbi karhulumente, Wamjoka, ukuba bayilungise, okanye ukuphucwa amalungelo akhe.

Ngowe-1716 Alex wafudukela ePoland, ngokusesikweni ukuba ndazane noPetros, owayehlala ngelo xesha eCopenhagen. Noko ke, yena ubaleka ukusuka Gdansk eVienna. Apha nguye iintetho kwiikumkani yaseYurophu, phakathi wayesisalamane umfazi aswelekileyo Austria loMlawuli uKarl. Austrians bantinga ngasese, unyana uPetros e Naples. Ngomhla kummandla uBukhosi baseRoma, wayecebe ukuba alinde de kokufa kukayise, ngelo xesha kakhulu bolevshego. Emva koko, ngenkxaso ye-Austrians, yena boqonda ukuba Alexei Russian tsar. Nabo ke, iza kusetyenziswa ezihlangwini unopopi kwi yokungenelela nxamnye uBukhosi Russian. Emva koko, ke, lo Austrians ashiya izicwangciso zabo, ecinga ukuba kuyingozi kakhulu.

search

Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kokuba ukubaleka ivunjululwe ityala indlalifa Tsarevich Alexei. Siqalise i uphendlo. ngumhlali Russian e Vienna Veselovsky wathumela ukuze athathe amanyathelo eliwaqwalaselayo angokumisela indawo yokuhlala abaphalaphalayo. Ixesha elide uphendla zange ukunika iziphumo. Oku kungenxa mhlawumbi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngenxa yokuba Veselovsky waba kwesinye kunye Kikin owaxhasa Alexei luluntu kwiinjongo zakhe.

Ngenxa yoko, ubukrelekrele Russian wakwazi ukulandelela phantsi yindlalifa. Egameni loMlawuli wathunyelwa isicelo abuyiselwe abaphalaphalayo. Ngo-Apreli 1717, uCharles VI Veselovsky wanika ileta evela uPetros. Eyabuzwa umlawuli ukuba amnike indlalifa umbulali "ulungiso zooyise."

Buyela ku Russia

Alex waba lithemba yaye bambongoza ukuba extradite ukuba uPetros. Ngelo xesha, Tolstoy kunye Rumyantsev bathunyelwa emva kwakhe. Yathembisa ukuba avuselele imvume kakumkani ukuze umtshato Euphrosyne nangethuba olandelayo kule lali. Tolstoy kunye Rumyantsev wenza engenakwenzeka.

Kwiinyanga ezimbini, beqhuba umsebenzi omkhulu besebenzisa zonke iintlobo xi kunokwenzeka. Phezu kokuba bethe bayifezekisa le umthetheli, kwaye isithembiso uxolelo kuyise, ukuba anyotywa wonke umntu viceroy Naples, watyhwatyhwa Alexis, ukuba uya kubulawa ukuba akazange eze umva, basaba kwinkosikazi yakhe waza waqiniseka ukuba nempembelelo kuye. ekugqibeleni wabanjwa kunye nokoyika abasemagunyeni Austrian, zisongele ehlasela lempi. Umlawuli waseRoma ekuqaleni wala extradite abaphalaphalayo. Noko ke, uTolstoy wanikwa imvume kutyelela umthetheli. Le leta, leyo inikwa indlalifa kayise, ayikwazanga simkholise ukuba abuye. Tolstoy iyabamangalisa igosa elinye Austrian okhankanyiweyo Alexei "imfihlelo" ukuba umbuzo abuyiselwe lakhe sele usonjululwe. Lo yindlalifa bakholelwa ukuba akunyanzelekanga ukuba bathembele ngoncedo Austria. Ke Alex wajika waya balwa. Nangona kunjalo, impendulo evela lokulungela karhulumente ukunika kuye umkhosi mvanje. Phambi kokuba sifunyenwe, uTolstoy wakwazi ukweyisela Alexei ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Indlalifa yazinikela.

Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha 1717 Prince uPetros wabhala ukulungele ukubuyela eRashiya, enethemba ukuxolelwa. Kwisikhululo yokugqibela, Austria bafumanana umthunywa wabo uKarl ukuze ekugqibeleni ukuba isigqibo indlalifa wavuma ngokuzithandela. UTolstoy waba aneliseke kakhulu nale kwaye kusetyenzwe ndawonye nesithunywa kunokuba kubanda. Alex, ke, ukuqinisekisile injongo yokuzithandela.

Kwacaciswa iimeko ukubaleka

NgoFebruwari 3, indlalifa nokumkani Russian utyikitya elirhoxisa evela etroneni. Ngelo xesha wamkela ukuxolelwa kayise kwi imeko enye. Kwakugcwele kwi isinyanzelo lokukhupha Ukubhaca ababehamba zakhe. Iqale uphando kwimeko Tsarevich Alexei. Emva kokuba shela, ukuba indlalifa owayesakuba ukubiza amagama zonke babevumelana kunye nokunceda, uya kuvunyelwa ukuba baphile izindlu zabo ugcine inkcukacha. Emva kokuba incoko uyise waqala u khomiwile. Ngowe-1871 kwathiwa ukupeyinta "Peter 1 ekuvandlakanyeni Tsarevich Alexei," igcisa UNikolai Gen. Ifakiwe kule uqokelelo Tretyakov Gallery. abantu abangaphezu kwama-130 baye babanjwa ngexesha uphando.

Public ngenkuthalo kuxoxwa ityala Tsarevich Alexei. Unyaka 1718 yaba ekuqaleni ebizwa ngokuba "uphando kikinskogo." Kikin yaba main umtyholwa. Ngelo xesha yena luthandwa uPetros. Ngowe-1713-1716 gg. yena, enyanisweni, kwasekwa iqela malunga yindlalifa inkosi yakhe. Kwangaxeshanye search kwaqala eMoscow ngokuphathelele Evdokia Lopukhina. Kukholelwa ukuba aba yinxalenye "iziganeko kikinskih 'ukuba wenza i Kwimeko Tsarevich Alexei. Amaxwebhu enxulumene khangela Suzdal, nangona kunjalo, aphikise lo mbono. Njengoko imithombo, intlanganiso Lopukhina kunye indlalifa ezigcinwe kanye kuphela - ngo-1708-m. Le ntlanganiso kukhokelele umsindo emangele uPetros. kamva Lopuchin wazama ukuba alungiselele incoko unyana wakhe nomzalwana wakhe. Noko ke, indlalifa utata kakubi esoyika. Nakwiileta eziya Yakovu Ignatevu (confessor) Alesya hayi kuphela zivaliwe zonke ukunxibelelana nonina, kodwa akasivumeli ukuba ukutyelela abahlobo nezalamane e Suzdal ezingqongileyo.

isigwebo

Lo mzekelo Tsarevich Alexei yaphela ngendlela elusizi kakhulu. Ngelo xesha linye indlalifa sazilahla kungabi kulindeleke umphumela onjalo. Ngaphambi kokuba isigwebo savela wabuza uluvo ebhunga. Abagwebi baya ziqhube uphando phakathi abameli kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo kunye namaqela.

Abefundisi, ucinga kwimeko Tsarevich Alexei, wakhokela izicaphulo iTestamente Endala, ngokutsho apho, ukuba ohlwaye ezihlangwini, abangaswele kuthobela mntu. Ngelo xesha, ke, bakhumbula noKristu wathetha ukuxolelwa. UPetros wamenywa ukuba ukhethe - ukohlwaya Xolela.

Ke ukuba abahlali, bonke ngokuzimeleyo enye kwenye ngokukweka ngazwi ibhengeze isigwebo sentambo.

Esi sivakalisi yasayinwa ngabantu 127. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Menshikov yokuqala, ngoko Apraksin, Golovkin, Yakov Dolgoruky njalo njalo. close abadumileyo ukuze inkundla yayingeyonto utyikityo kuphela Sheremetiev. Uluvo malunga nezizathu ngenxa yokuswela kwakhe mahluko. Ngoko ke, Shcherbatov ababesithi Sheremet'ev ubhengeze ukuba ayikho ubuchule bakhe kugweba kwi indlalifa. Ngokutsho Golikova, Marshal ngelo xesha wayegula waza wahlala e Moscow, ngoko asayine isigwebo abakwazanga.

ukufa

Lo mzekelo Tsarevich Alexei yavalwa Juni 26, 1718 nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye ukufa indlalifa sazilahla yenzekile ngenxa yokothuka. Akusiva sigwebo, uAlex wawela zingqondweni. Emva kwexesha elithile, yena ngokomkhethe wabuyela ezingqondweni, saqala ukucela ukuxolelwa wonke. Noko ke, ukubuya yokugqibela ukuya kwimo yangaphambili akawenzanga wafa.

Ngenkulungwane XIX, amaphepha afunyanwa, ngokungqinelana ngayo, phambi kokufa kwakhe Alexei ahlukunyezwe. Ndayibeka phambili ingcamango yokuba baye kubulawa. UPetros, nayo, likhuphe isaziso apho wabonisa ukuba unyana wakhe waphulaphula sigwebo kunye Yandothusa. Emva kwethutyana ke wabuza kuyise uxolo kuye. Alex wafa ngendlela yobuKristu, ngokupheleleyo abaguquka emisebenzini yabo. Kukho ubungqina bokuba yabahlawulisiweyo wabulawa ngokwemiyalelo kayise. Nangona kunjalo, ezi data ziyaphikisana kakhulu. Eminye imithombo ziqulathe ulwazi uPetros kuthiwa bathatha inxaxheba sentuthumbo ka noAleksei.

Bobunye ubungqina indima ngqo ukufa indlalifa syglal Menshikov kunye nomntu bakhe abathembekileyo. Ezinye iingxelo zithi phambi kokuba kudlule sezibhaliwe Alexei, ukuba lilo. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo inkwenkwe kunetyhefu. Kukho kwakhona ulwazi Alexei enesifo sephepha. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ukufa ngenxa oyingozi yaye ngenxa nempembelelo ebezingalindelekanga zeyeza.

indlalifa bewushiyile wangcwatyelwa uPetros noPawulos Cathedral ebusweni kayise. Ngaphaya ibhokisi ehamba savela ngokwakhe, emva kwakhe - Menshikov, yeeNgwevu kunye nezinye ezingaka.

okunika umdla

Case prince yayigcinwe zoLondolozo State ngasese. Minyaka le kwenziwa iimviwo seal. Ngowe-1812, iphepha yalala esifubeni ezikhethekileyo, kodwa ke wavuthululwa nguSirayeli, yaye amaxwebhu saa ngexesha ayehlasela uNapoleon. Emva koko, ukuba baphinde ndawonye yaye ichaziwe. Okwangoku, amaxwebhu ayafumaneka esidlangalaleni.

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali

A sisiganeko esingaqhelekanga zembali ingqalelo ukubulala dynastic. Ngoko ke, kusoloko kukho umdla okhethekileyo abantwana, abaphandi. Imbali Russian uyazazi iimeko ezimbini. Eyokuqala kwenzeka ebudeni bolawulo Ivana Groznogo, okwesibini - ebudeni bolawulo uPetros Omkhulu. ababhali kunye nabaphandi eyahlukeneyo zihlalutywe olu phuhliso. Ngokomzekelo, kwincwadi yakhe, Jarosch ihlalutya iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kunye ezikhethekileyo nesenzeko. Ngokukodwa, watsalela ingqalelo umahluko phakathi nolwalamano zooyise kokufa koonyana babo.

Njengoko imithombo Grozny wambulala ngempazamo. Emva koko, uyise bazisola ngoko akwenzileyo, wamemeza, wacela oogqirha ukuba abuyele unyana wakhe uhlala. ngokuba eyoyikekayo ngokwakhe ngokombulali, umlawuli ukusondela kuye. Wathi ukuba unyana kaThixo siswele wamohlwaya ngenxa yezono zakhe kwixa elidluleyo, wayekholelwa ukuba wayeka ukuya woonongendi ngoku nalapho athandazele uku- xolelwa. Ekugqibeleni, wada waya ePalestina iwaka ezimbalwa.

UPetros, kwelinye icala, ezama kunye nonyana wakhe ixesha elide, ukuze alawule kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ityala lakhe. Jarosch wathi ngokubeka umsindo wakhe indlalifa ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi, akazange wamxolela emva kokufa.

imiphumela

Ngokuqinisekileyo, iziganeko kwaloo minyaka wabangela livakale ngokubanzi eluntwini. Uninzi abaphengululi avumelana noluvo lokuba ukufa Tsarevich wasindisa ilizwe ukusuka abuyele pre-Petrine era. Noko ke, kwakukho kwiziphumo ezibi iziganeko. Emva kokufa unyana wakhe uPetros 1722 batshintsha ngokomyalelo utshintshelo lolawulo sikarhulumente. Enyanisweni, awabatshabalalisayo ngamaziko efanayo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, le nto wayeza kuba sisiseko babhukuqwa ibhotwe. Kwixesha elizayo, inkoliso ukunyuka kumandla lokumkani baluwela kumzabalazo. Klyuchevskii wabhala ukuba umthetho omtsha uPetros seyibuyisiwe wobukhosi bakhe kwetrone yanikwa ukuthanda icala.

Ukuba sithethe ngayo abantu abaqhelekileyo, ngoko xa ubomi indlalifa ebantwini wathumela zintlu qela labagwebi. Them kufuneka bafunge isigxina irhuluneli entsha. Noko ke, asingabo bonke iinkqubo baya kakuhle. Resistance waba becala abaxhasi umyalelo omdala. Abazange ukubona Alexis etroneni. Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukumkani ecaweni ngeCawa umntu weza ephepheni. Kuyo, wala ukuba bafunge ukuwugqalela indlalifa entsha, nangona wakwazi ukuba uPhilip ingadala umsindo. UPetros wayalela ukuba amise phezu komlilo kancinci dymivshimsya ngamahla ndinyuka.

isiphelo

Ngexesha i exacerbation na ungquzulwano phakathi uPetros Alekseem Tsarevich wayefuna ukuya eMonastri, uziyekele njengoko naziphi na izibophelelo. Noko ke, njengoko oko kungqinwa imithombo, uyise akaninikanga kwemvume. I kufuneka bathi mbali abaninzi bayavuma ukuba engcanjini ungquzulwano zisala nokungafuni kaPetros ukujongana unyana wakhe ukusuka kanye ekuqaleni. Waba akawuvali umlomo malunga nemicimbi yoluntu, iinguqu, uhambo, uqeqesho. umntwana ixesha elide phantsi kweempembelelo abachasi omtsha.

Kwelinye icala, ngokutsho kwabanye ababhali, kunokuba ube ezihlangwini befanelekile. Ngapha koko, njengoko iingxelo zibonisa, yena wayebonisa ukuthobela, wafuna ukufumana ulwazi, ukwazi. Ngelo xesha linye uvelwano layo kunye esekwe era pre-Petrine ngokwenene atshitshise yonke into wadalwa nguyise. YoMlawuli wanxunguphala kakhulu oku. Ngokuba kuye, izinto karhulumente baba ngaphezu kwabo bonke. Oku, yena, kunye nokusingqongileyo kunye nabantwana bayo. Ngendlela, beka mo ukuzalwa unyana ka uPetros Olukhulu umtshato wakhe wesibini. Ngoku, urhulumente ukufumana yindlalifa onesidima, umlandeli ukuba ityala lakhe. Ngelo xesha ilizwe ingenzeka yokuwa ethile, ngenxa yokuba oonyana uPetros kunye Alexei negama elifanayo. Le Mboniselo Wayekhathazeke malunga ukumkani.

Escape Alexey uPetros kuthathwa ewolo, iyelenqe nxamnye naye. Kungenxa yoko le nto, emva kokuba abanjwe baqalisa kwabanjwa kunye ngemibuzo. Alexey ulindele uxolelo kuyise, kodwa endaweni yoko isigwebo sokufa. Ukuphanda bokutsala yinkosikazi Euphrosyne. Kamva, yena engenalo kwaye kohlwaywa. Mhlawumbi oku kwenziwe imibulelo ukuba noncedo sele inikwa Tolstoy kunye Rumyantsev, wamcela ukuba nempembelelo isikhulu.