Le Umfanekiso "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl". Umbhali we lesikhumbuzo

Ngo-2014, i-125 ngokuzalwa kwalo nomkroli Soviet omkhulu Vera Mukhina. igama lakhe yaziwa kumntu wonke abahlala lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, kuba nkcakasana inxulumene kwimisebenzi omkhulu wegcisa - sisincoko oqingqiweyo "waseFama kunye Collective Farm Girl".

Biography of Vera Mukhina

Ignatyevna wazalwa ngo-1889 kwintsapho nomi. Walahlekelwa ngabazali bakhe kwangethuba kwaye ezikhuliswa abagcini babafundi. Ngokholo ebuntwaneni hlukile uzingise nenamandla. ukutshiseka kwakhe ngenxa yokudweba ngokuthe ngcembe ube wezandla, apho wayefunda iminyaka emibini e-Paris kwi Academy Grand Chaumiere. umfazi kootitshala iye yaba edumileyo nomkroli Bourdelle. Ke Mukhina waya eItali, apho wayefunda ukupeyinta kunye sculpture kwexesha Renaissance.

Ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Mukhina wayesebenza wabongikazi esibhedlele. Kukho kwakhona kwenzeka kwintlanganiso yayo yokuqala kunye ugqirha Alekseem Andreevichem-Castle eKapa, nge lowa nokutshata kungekudala. iintsapho imvelaphi Non-uyazazi ukuba ngokufuthi engozini ubomi amalungu ayo. Bhabha inxaxheba utshintsho olululo lizwe kubonakala eqingqiweyo. Bhabha Heroes amandla ezahlukeneyo nangamandla akhe.

iqashiso Ignatyevna waza wasebenza nzima bonke ubomi bakhe. Baphulukene indoda yakhe ngowe-1942, waba buhlungu ngenxa ilahleko. Ezinokudala Heart Fly kuvunyelwa ukuba aphile iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kancinane emva kokushiya umyeni wakhe. Ngowe-1953, wafa, engekho lixhegwazana - wayeneminyaka engama-64 ubudala.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Ngokuba buyasuswa ubomi babo eziqaqambileyo abazizityebi Vera Mukhina wadala inani elininzi imisebenzi yobugcisa, kuquka imizobo, imifanekiso, izinto zokubhala. Ngelishwa, inkoliso yomsebenzi ihlala uluhlu ayaziwa ngokubanzi abayithandayo ngayo italente yakhe. Main indalo Mukhina ubomi, ukumdumisa iminyaka emininzi - oko sculpture "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl". Ignatyevna waqamba ingoma yakhe "Umsebenzi kunye nabalimi". In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia indalo nomkroli ichongwe "umgangatho ngokoqobo yobusoshiyali."

Ngowe-1936, urhulumente waseSoviet wafumana evela eFransi isimemo ukuthatha inxaxheba Paris World i-Fair. Igosa Umxholo siganeko, omkhulu "Art nobugcisa kubomi banamhlanje."

ESoviet Union kubaluleke kakhulu nje ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kulo mboniso, nto leyo ibaluleke kakhulu ngamazwe, eli lizwe kwakufuneka ephumelela ukhuphiswano nanini na iindleko. Ihlabathi wema phezu elunxwemeni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kwaye ukhuphiswano entsimini kwempumelelo zobugcisa enyanisweni kwakuthetha iinkqubo nzima kwihlabathi ukulwa ezimbini ezopolitiko. Eyona okhuphisana iphambili ye-USSR ngenxa ubuntshatsheli kwakukho Italy kunye Germany.

izimvo Ukuphumelela Umfanekiso "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl"

Soviet msebenzi uhulumeni nje ukudala omkhulu lobuchwepheshe kunye noyilo zokwakha, kodwa zonke iindlela ukugxininisa yokuqhelaniswa yayo eceleni. Ukungqinelana mboniso ixesha elide kunye namazwe inxaxheba kufuneka kukwenza imithetho eminqubeni yayo indlela kazwelonke. Uyilo eSoviet kwakujongwe ukubonisa ihlabathi ukongama kwinkqubo yesizwe yezoqoqosho.

Kukhuphiswano isaziso zocwangciso egumbini yayihanjelwe abayili ezininzi ingcali yaye ihloniphekile kweli xesha. Boris waphumelela lofan, ukudala iprojekthi yokubhala yamandulo, umbindi leyo yile imikrolo. Commission High ivume ingcinga jikelele, bawucekisile litye lesikhumbuzo. Ngoko nangoko emva ukhuphiswano, apho woyisa yaqhutywa Vera Mukhina.

Umbhali lo lesikhumbuzo "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" wathimba ekuyileni isikali ikhomishini duo oqingqiweyo ukukukhanya ejoliswe phambili. iimpawu olulula lesikhumbuzo amaqhawe lwabantu umdla ingqalelo kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, ngokomoya, kunye isikhafu ephethe lwalubonisa intshukumo ekhawulezileyo malunga nekamva eliqaqambileyo. Wenyuka waya phezu kwentloko ihamile kunye irhengqa imela umanyano abasebenzi kunye namafama ehlangeneyo.

Amanqanaba ulwakhiwo lesikhumbuzo - mngeni kunye neempumelelo

Ngoku ke ukwenza ngokukhawuleza isakhiwo ubukhulu bayo bokwenene. Le Umfanekiso "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" yi injongo yombhali ukuphakama ezinkulu - 25 eemitha. Ukwenza umsebenzi omkhulu wanikwa iinyanga ezintandathu kuphela.

yobukhulu enkulu litye lesikhumbuzo wawenzelwe nje ukutsala ingqalelo ixabiso kwakufuneka bukhanye phezu Paris. Njengesiseko yokwakhiwa sculpture wajonga ubhedu okanye ubhedu. Ezi iintsimbi luphawulwa nokuqina kunye neembono amanene. Kodwa abazange ukunika yemisebe izicwangciso, ngokuba ukukhanya ako. Ngoko ke nomkroli lesikhumbuzo "Safety and Kolhoz" UVera Muhina isigqibo ukumisa ilitye lesikhumbuzo noxwebhu steel stainless.

Okokuqala, wawela kunye zenza nokwakhiwa iibhloko zomthi baphathwa komhlaba izixhobo ukuchwela kunye abafumana ngobuqhophololo enkulu. Emva koko wabeka phezu zeenqwelwana ngamaplanga sheets thinnest intsimbi, ubukhulu esiqela lingayifumenanga ngaphezulu ndlela. Iqokobhe steel siphinda ukungunda ngamaplanga. Ukusuka ngaphakathi mosaic intsimbi i zibanjwa kunye esebenzisa of welds.

Ikomiti yokukhetha, likhokelwa ziinkokeli yiSoviet yasayina lesikhumbuzo ogqityiweyo. Kwisigaba nokwakheka esilandelayo "waseFama kunye Collective Farm Girl" kwafuneka ukuba aye Paris. Kuba lula yezithuthi lesikhumbuzo sahlukana laziinyama amathandathu anesihlanu badl kuloliwe. Ubunzima lilonke ukwakhiwa etoni 75, apho iitoni ezili-12 kuphela yanikwa istili. Kuba nokuthuthwa lesikhumbuzo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo bayitwabulula iseyilana cars ezintathu elinesibini impahla ukudala.

ukubuyekeza Rave baseParis

Kulo buyo, ngelishwa, kwakungekho silwanyana. Ngexesha umsebenzi wofakelo ngokukhawuleza waphelisa iziphako, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ngexesha elimisiweyo, May 25, 1937, lo lesikhumbuzo "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" waqalisa kwakhanya Paris esibhakabhakeni. Yoliswa baseParis kwanababonisi kwabakho akukho mda.

Steel ukwakheka ukumangaliswa ubuhle kunye nobungangamsha, zendalo elangeni nazo zonke iintlobo imibala. I-Eiffel Tower ise kufutshane le Umfanekiso yiSoviet, ilahlekile okumangalisayo kunye isibheno.

lesikhumbuzo eSoviet wawongwa ngembasa yegolide - i-Grand Prix. Isiphumo kuko ingaba nebhongo Vera Mukhina - a nomkroli athobekile kwaye aneziphiwo Soviet. "LoMsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" kanye abazifumene emehlweni ubume zehlabathi isimboli karhulumente eSoviet.

Ekupheleni kwalo mboniso, igqiza eSoviet bamenywa kwicala French ukuba uthengise eqingqiweyo. Ubunkokheli waseUSSR, kakade, wala.

Apho ukumisela lesikhumbuzo odumileyo Soviet

Iqela oqingqiweyo "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" baziqwebela wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe yaye kungekudala ifakwe endaweni yabo isigxina yokuhlala - phambi kwenye kumasango ukuya Iziko leMiboniso (Mboniso ka-Impumelelo Loqoqosho). Namhlanje le ntsimi fanele ku VVC (All Russian Iziko leMiboniso), omnye kakhulu ezityelelwe abahlali abaninzi kunye neendwendwe eendawo eMoscow.

Umbhali lo lesikhumbuzo "I-Indaba yoMsebenzi kunye Mfazi Farm Collective" UVera Mukhina Musa ukuvumela site ufakelo. Nokuphakama kwalo sculpture akasafuni ngenxa yokuba kwinqwanqwa lowo izihlandlo ezithathu zancitshiswa ubukhulu. Vera Ignatyevna amade njenge kummandla itolo kwisiphelo Moscow River, apho ngoku kumi Peter Tsereteli umsebenzi wokuqala. Uye wacebisa nokubukela neplatifomu unondlwane Hills. Noko ke, ukuze uluvo lakhe olalele

"Umsebenzi kunye Collective Girl Farm" - uphawu kwihlabathi-adumileyo leSoviet

Ekubeni Paris lomboniso sculpture iye yaba luphawu yesizwe karhulumente yiSoviet, lwenziwe kulo lonke ihlabathi ngohlobo izitampu zokuposa, postcards, iingqekembe nezikhumbuzo, albhamu yakhiwe. Image lesikhumbuzo idumileyo wabonakala ngokohlobo njengezikhumbuzo eziliqela kunye udumo lwakhe wayiphikisa kuphela matryoshka Russian. Yaye ekubeni-1947 film studio "Mosfilm" lalisetyenziswa xa cutscenes yayo edumileyo sculpture "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Girl Farm" yaye ngaloo ndlela yokuseka ngokwalo njengoko Umfuziselo lizwe eSoviet.

Vera Mukhina - a inkosi recognised institution of bobuchule oqingqiweyo

Ukubonga ukuze urhulumente waseSoviet imbasa Stalin Prize Vera Mukhina. Ukongezelela, kwakukho iqela amabhaso kunye neenzuzo eyahlukeneyo karhulumente, ngubani ndizuze udumo nomkroli ababhinqileyo. "LoMsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" wenza kube lula Mukhina inkululeko epheleleyo kumsebenzi yoyilo. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa ke inzala nomkroli edume uhlala kwinkumbulo kuphela njengoko nombhali kuphela lesikhumbuzo.

Xa imyuziyam Vera Mukhina, eyayise emazantsi kwinqwanqwa le Umfanekiso odumileyo, kuyinto isethi iifoto bamaxwebhu, newsreels, ebonisa ukuba Ignatyevna kusisiqhamo kakhulu. Wabhala lo mfanekiso, wadala iiprojekthi oqingqiweyo nokwakhiwa negilasi. Xa museum ezininzi womzekelo yokuqala lesikhumbuzo, ekube nako ukuzisa ebomini nomkroli odumileyo ababhinqileyo. "LoMsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" - akufani lesikhumbuzo isebenza kuphela Mukhina eMoscow.

ezinye izidalwa Vera Mukhina kaThixo

Ezandleni umdali onesiphiwo okwamiswa ilitye ukuya Tchaikovsky, ibekwe phambi kwe-Moscow Conservatory, kunye Maksimu Gorkomu kwi Belorussky Railway Station. Umbhali fanele ukuba ubume "Science" oqingqiweyo, "isonka", "lokuzala".

Vera Mukhina yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo umsebenzi amaqela oqingqiweyo ibekwe kwi Moskva kwebhulorho. Ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe Ignatyevna amabhaso ngokuphindaphindiweyo imbasa urhulumente, amabhaso liphezulu yiSoviet, yena wonyulwa lilungu Elawulayo USSR Academy of Arts.

Kunye umsebenzi Vera Mukhina inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zokufundisa. Kamva waba ngenkuthalo ukusebenza kwi kwisityalo iLeningrad, ukudala sisincoko zeglasi kunye porcelain abe ngumbhali. "Umsebenzi kunye Girl Farm Collective" iminyaka emininzi simi emoyeni evulekileyo wafumana umonakalo ebalulekileyo.

Le savuka lesikhumbuzo

Ngowe-2003 kwagqitywa kwelokuba kutsha Umfanekiso odumileyo. Le lesikhumbuzo wachithwa kunye lula wohlulwe iziqwenga ezininzi. isenzo Ukubuyiselwa yathatha iminyaka emithandathu iminyaka. Ubume isakhelo engaphakathi luye lomelezwa, yaye Amathambeka angqongileyo intsimbi wahlambuluka ukungcola yaye alungiswa iikhemikhali zokukhusela nabakwaziyo ukwandisa inkonzo lesikhumbuzo. Updated Umfanekiso yafakwa kwi useko eliphezulu elitsha ngoDisemba 2009. Ngoku, lo lesikhumbuzo yaba ngaphezulu kabini kunokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili.

Namhlanje, i lesikhumbuzo "Umsebenzi kunye Collective Farm Girl" - luphawu nje kuphela leSoviet, kunye nokudalwa omkhulu lombhali abanetalente ka Vera Mukhina, elaziwa emhlabeni. Le lesikhumbuzo okuluphawu weMoscow isikhonkwane, nto leyo watyelela ngonyaka amawaka abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke jikelele.