Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe eRashiya i xikombiso kuphela ngempumelelo lokoyisa elide zomkhosi nezopolitiko kumazwe Russian kwimbali yabo. Ukuhlaselwa Mongol umkhosi onamandla eRashiya kwiminyaka 1237-1241 uphele kakhulu kakubi. Noko ke, le ntlanganiso kunye abahlaseli Mpuma wayengenguye wokuqala. I omaziyo lokuqala kunye amathuba loonothwal wathatha enye kweminyaka elishumi elinamine, ngaphambi kokufika engundoqo, xa Idabi Kalka ngo-1223, xa imikhosi Russian-Polovtsian boyiswa, kwaye urhulumente walahlekelwa abathetheli babo. Emva koko, ingxokolo iziganeko Genghis Khan enqunyanyiswe okwethutyana kwangaphambili wabo noloyiso ukuya ngasentshona, njengoko owokuqala ukuba uzakusebenza komnye umdlali umnqwazi - iVolga Bulgaria.
iphulo West
Ngelishwa, wayenze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo Abalawuli Russian andibizwanga ukuba ukuhlangabezana usongo elizayo kunye ukunqanda Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. Iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba lihlaselwe olandelayo ingxabano ezingapheliyo macala kunye izimpi ubulawuli. Isiphumo yokungakhathali enjalo yaba yimpumelelo uhambo Western Batu (umzukulwana Genghis Khan, abasweleke 1227) kunye nomlawuli Subutai. Ngenxa yeli phulo zibanjwe izixeko ezininzi Russian: Ryazan (1237), Moscow, yaseTver, Torzhok, uVladimir (bonke 1238), Chernigov kunye Pereyaslavl (1239), yaye ekugqibeleni, Kiev (1240). Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe eRashiya bazimisele koNebhukadenetsare kwaba kanye le Duchy Grand kangangeenkulungwane. Sele enze bona obenziwe boyisa ngexesha leli phulo, ziye zakhokelela iziphumo emibi: zaye ngokupheleleyo umphelo yayigungxula imizi ezininzi azibanga nako ukuzifumana, lachithwa isixa esikhulu abantu live. ezisebenzisekayo kunye nokuchwela, kakhulu, babethwayo kabuhlungu. iyodwa emkhosini ukuseta ilizwe umva iinkulungwane lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso.
Russia phantsi Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe
Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokuqaqamba zomkhosi nezopolitiko loonothwal Asia zibe eminye iminyaka emakhulu mabini akazange wazala nawuphi na umonakalo. Ifom ezisisiseko kobunganga aba ezimfutshane ekuthiwa njalo-. Labels ekhutshwe izikhulu Russian le khans Mongol, emva kokuba imvume ngokuzinikela kwabo kunye nentlonipho yokugqibela. Phezu nokukhutshwa inkampani enjalo, kakhulu khans uphazamiseko kuqoqosho lwangaphakathi lizwe yaphela. Benefit kwi Golden mkhosi mkhulu ngokwaneleyo esekwe sokulwa zabo kunye nezinye iingxaki. Kakade ke, abalawuli ukuhlawula khans irhafu, kunjalo, yaye eqokelelwe ngokwabo, ukuba ukujonga kwimali iyonke yeefizi, inxalenye obeyindoda zengcebo inxalenye yendawo - in Chitha Batu (capital karhulumente Mongolian). Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe eRashiya wada wadala iimeko zokuphuhliswa ngempumelelo kwezinye izakhiwo. Umzekelo, abasemathanga zemveli umgaqo noninterference kwimibandela yonqulo (nto leyo linyathelo ulumke gqitha, kusenza ukuba sizifumana abaxhasi ebalulekileyo phakathi kwezizwe oyisa) kudale iimeko uphuhliso kunye nokomelezwa Orthodox e lizwe. Kubalulekile ukuba oku kwenzeka ngexesha ukuqhubela longquzulwano yamaKatolika iCawa Zomnqamlezo Western Knights.
Rise of oozilawuli Russian kunye nokuphelisa oxiniweyo
Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe eRashiya sisusiwe hayi ngexesha elinye kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, amazwe kumzantsi-ntshona Compostela kunye Volyn wegqitha waya Poland kunye Grand Duchy of Lithuania kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIV. Kwiindawo ezininzi kummandla Russian kule ukuxhomekeka kwaba ngcembe. Ukutyhubela inkulungwane XV, anayo beqhubeka ephelelwa igunya labo ngenxa ngaphakathi kunye nokuhlasela bangaphandle (ukuhlaselwa Tamerlane, umzekelo). Le nto ivumele ukuba iNkosana eMoscow ngo-1480 ekugqibeleni balahle zonke ukuxhomekeka yaye kwinqanaba lokuqala ekudalweni ubukumkani eMoscow. Last ngakumbi inxaxheba kakhulu ilifa labo Tatar Khanate.