Ngubani na uKesare, yaye yintoni na ke odumileyo?

Inkoliso yabantu banamhla bazi igama Yuliya Tsezarya. Oku kuthiwa igama lettuce, omnye kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni, kwakunye bhanya kunye nomabonakude. Yintoni na le nani owoyisa bantu imbali, bakhumbula ngubani lo Kesare, nokuba emva kweminyaka eliwaka emibini emva kokufa kwakhe?

imvelaphi

Ekuqaleni elizayo ngqwayi, abapolitiki kunye umbhali kwimizalwane Julian patrician. Ngelo xesha elinye le ntsapho iye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi eRoma. Njengalo naluphi na usapho ubudala, uguqulelo yabo imvelaphi bangafi. Line amagama abo kwakhokelela uthixokazi Venus.

Unina Guy yaba Aurelia ngodongwe, yeyendlu a nje esisityebi. Ngegama kucacile ukuba uhlanga lwakhe kwathiwa Aurelius. UTata uGayo Yuliy Tsezar abadala. Yaba nguye lowo yaba patricians.

Iingxoxo ngokunzulu ziqhubeka phezu unyaka wokuzalwa uzwilakhe. Amaninzi ukubizwa ngokuba 100 okanye 101 BC Kukwakho akukho ukuvumelana inani. Lidla ngokubizwa ngokuba iinguqulelo ezintathu: 17 Matshi, 12 Julayi, 13 Julayi.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na uKesare, kufuneka ujonge ebuntwaneni bakhe. Wakhulela kwindawo waseRoma, nto leyo wayedume kunokuba embi. Yena Wabufunda ekhaya, ukufunda isiGrike ulwimi, uncwadi, ubuciko. Ulwazi Greek kwamenza ukuba lokufumana imfundo phambili, njengoko uninzi amaphepha enzululwazi ezibhaliweyo kuyo. Omnye wootitshala bakhe neciko odumileyo Marcus uAntoniyo Gnipho, ngubani kanye wafundisa uCicero.

Yezizathu ngo 85 BC Guy kwafuneka ukukhokela intsapho Julian ngenxa ukufa esingalindelekanga kayise.

Ubuntu: inkangeleko, umlinganiswa, imikhwa

Malunga ukubonakala Gaya Yuliya washiya kakhulu lweenkcazelo wenza ezininzi portraits wakhe oqingqiweyo, kuquka ubomi. Caesar photo (ngokutsha) apho uchazwe apha ngasentla, ukuba, ngokutsho uSuetonius, abade, emhlophe ngebala. Yena wakha kakuhle yaye waba elimnyama, amehlo aphilileyo.

Wezopolitiko nenkokeli emkhosini kunokuba khangela ngenyameko emva kwabo. Yena inqumle iinzipho zayo, wayicheba, ndazidlathula iinwele. Ekubeni indawo enkqayini kwi phambi entloko, yena nizimela khona ngazo zonke iindlela, combing iinwele kunye isithsaba ebunzi. Ngokutsho Plutarch, nokuma kaKesare wehlile emzimbeni kakhulu.

Ababhali bamandulo bavuma ukuba uzwilakhe waba ngamandla. Yena ngokukhawuleza ukuphendula iimeko zitshintsha. Ngokutsho uPliny Elder, ukuba ukunxibelelana nabantu abaninzi nge mbalelwano. Ukuba oyifunayo, uzwilakhe ukuba zombini ukufunda alawule iileta ezininzi oonobhala abamkeli ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, akaba ngawo lo mzuzu ke ukubhala into.

Gay Yuly phantse akazange bangaseli iwayini yaye nabalulamileyo kakhulu ukutya. Kwangaxeshanye, wazisa amaphulo akhe wamajoni izinto zexabiso ezifana enemigangatho emihle, izitya imali eninzi. Ethenga Imizobo, imifanekiso, amakhoboka ezintle.

Intsapho impilo yakho

Yuliy Tsezar, ogama engobomi kuqwalaselwa ngokusemthethweni watshata izihlandlo ezithathu. Nangona kukho kwakhona iinkcukacha ukuba phambi le mitshato, yena useleganelwe Kossutsiey. abafazi bakhe:

• UKorneli Unozakuzaku entsapho.
• UPompey - umzukulu ka uzwilakhe Sulla.
• Calpurnia - ummeli lentsapho abangenakwazi esisityebi.

Cornelia kunye umphathi wazala intombi, awathi wayetshate neqabane lakhe Gnaeus UPompey. Njengoko ulwalamano lwakhe Cleopatra, zenzeka ngexesha Gay Yuly yena ubeseleseYiputa. Emva koko Cleopatra wazala umntwana, esalinikwayo igama Alexander Caesarion. Noko ke, Yuliy Tsezar àbamazi abe unyana wakhe wabhala ukuthanda kwakhe.

imisebenzi Military ezopolitiko

Ekuqaleni umsebenzi wakhe ukuma flamen kaZeyus, wathabatha Guy kwi 80s BC Ngenxa yoko, usuke yokubandakanyeka watshata intombi ka Korneliyo Cinna, ngubani liwumele le post ebekekileyo. Kodwa izinto zatshintsha ngokukhawuleza xa eRoma indawo ngamandla, yaye Guy kwafuneka ukuba baphume kuwo umzi.

Qonda ukuba yintoni na uKesare, ivumela imizekelo emininzi ebomini bakhe. Enye yezi kunjalo, xa yathinjwa Pirates ngentlawulelo. Oziphethe sele ngentlawulelo, kodwa ngoko nangoko emveni koko, walungelelanisa bamba lababathimbileyo zabo Wazibulala, emnqamlezweni.

Yayingubani Yuliy Tsezar eRoma mandulo? Wabamba ezi zikhundla zilandelayo:

• abangooBhishophu;
• yenkulungwane umkhosi;
• quaestor kwimicimbi yemali Further Spain;
• intsumpa-Apiyo, leyo kwakulungiswa ngeendleko zabo;
• aediles curule - uxanduva lokuququzelela ulwakhiwo ezidolophini, urhwebo, catering;
• intloko inkundla yolwaphulo-mthetho esisigxina;
• ubomi Pontifex Maximus;
• irhuluneli Further Spain.

Zonke ezi zithuba zifuna iinkcitho ezinkulu. Ndithetha Wathabatha evela amatyala akhe, ngubani ngokuqonda zabo enikiweyo.

triumvirate lokuqala

Emva kokuba Yayilulawulo ngempumelelo Spain Long Kulindelwe nkqubo Triumph eRoma. Noko ke, yena wala imbeko leyo ngenxa yezizathu umsebenzi. Isibakala sokuba ixesha weza (by ubudala), xa engenako kunyulwa ngunozakuzaku kwi Yeengwevu. Kodwa kufuneka babhalise abe ngumgqatswa buqu. umntu lowo ulindele Triumph, kungabi ngexesha inye ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ukuze avele esixekweni. Kwafuneka ukuba benze ukhetho esixhasa umsebenzi ngakumbi, ukuyeka imbeko wathembela winner.

Emva kokufunda oko Kesare, kucacile ukuba namabhongo yakhe bamthomalalisa elide ukuthatha indawo iNdlu Yeengwevu kunyaka wokuqala apho kuvumelekile phantsi komthetho. Ngelo xesha kubhekwe obekekileyo kakhulu.

Ngenxa yoko zizifundo elide kwezopolitiko nkqubo ukuze ukubalelana namaqabane akhe amabini, kwaze oko kwakhokelela triumvirate yokuqala ukuvela. Eli binzana lithetha "komdibaniso amadoda amathathu." Unyaka yendalo wayo ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo, kuba le manyano wayenxibe umlinganiswa ngasese. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba oku kwenzeka ngo-59 okanye 60 BC It iqulathe kuKesare, UPompey, Crassus. Ngenxa yokuba isenzo uGayo Julius ngakwazi abe ummeli-lizwe.

Uthatho-nxaxheba mbobo War

triumvirate kwabo Yuliy Tsezar, ogama engobomi linikwa kwi nqaku baba zidanise abemi baseRoma. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa kokumka yakhe iphondo zonke izikhalazo oko kwakufuneka ukuze ndiyiphalaze Gnaeus UPompey.

Ngeli xesha kwiPhondo Narbonne eGaul yasekwa kwindawo ngoku France. Caesar bafika e Bandar Ganaveh kwisiza ngoku ibekwe eGeneva iintetho kunye neenkokeli kwesinye sezizwe Celtic. Phantsi yengcinezelo evela amaJamani, ezi zizwe baqalisa ukuhlala kummandla waseRoma Republic. Guy kwafuneka ukuba anilwele kwiphondo ilizwe kunye Gauls kunye amaJamani. Kwangaxeshanye, wayiqhubela uhambo eBritani.

Emva uthotho zoloyiso kuKesare yakwazi '50 BC ukubheka yonke lwaseGaul eRoma. Noko ke, akazange azilibale ukuba alandele lemisitho kwiSixeko obunguNaphakade. Ngamanye amaxesha wada wangenelela kubo okuvota zabo.

Ukusekwa kwe lozwilakhe

Emva eseRoma, lo jikelele weza angavumelani Gnaeus UPompey. Kwiminyaka 49-45 BC Oku kwakhokelela kwiMfazwe Civil. Gay Tsezar waba abaxhasi ezininzi lonke Italy. Wambonisa ngecala inxalenye enkulu yomkhosi waya eRoma. UPompey babalekela eGrisi. Imfazwe zenzeka kulo lonke elo lizwe. Umphathi kunye imikhosi yakhe mzuzu kweWCED kunye nelahleko. Kwidabi yaba Idabi Pharsalus, lowo uphumeleleyo kwawo Kesare.

Gnaeus kwafuneka ukubaleka kwakhona. Eli xesha waya eYiputa. UYuliyo wammisa off emva kwakhe. Akukho namnye bangi wayengalindelanga ukuba ukubulala uPompey eYiputa. Kukho Gay Yuly kwanyanzeleka ukulibala. Ekuqaleni, lo isizathu ukungaphatheki kakuhle ngenxa Unjengeenqanawa umoya, uze emva koko umphathi wagqiba ukuphucula imeko yakhe yemali ngenxa yaka Ptolemaic. Ngenxa yoko, waba nxaxheba kumzabalazo etroneni phakathi weshumi uPtolemy kunye Cleopatra.

E Egypt, kokuchitha iinyanga ezimbalwa, ngoko waqhubeka kwiphulo lakhe ukubuyisela kummandla eRoma, eyaqala uyeke ngenxa kwiMfazwe Civil.

Caesar waba nguzwilakhe kathathu:

1. Ngowe-49 BC, kwithuba leentsuku ezili-11, emva koko warhoxa.
2. Ngowe-'48 BC, ngokuba kunyaka omnye, ngoko ke waqhubeka wobukumkani bakhe Ibamba, kunye Unozakuzaku kamva.
3. Ngowe-46 BC Waba nguzwilakhe kungekho isizathu ngokusesikweni kwisithuba seminyaka eli-10.

Lonke igunya lakhe esekelwe umkhosi, ngoko, unyulo zikaKesare zonke izikhundla ezilandelayo yaba umthetho.

Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, uGayo Julius Caesar (photo sculpture zingabonakala ngasentla), kunye noogxa bakhe baba ezahlukahlukeneyo iinguqulelo. Noko ke, ukuba ukufumanisa ukuba nguwuphi na kubo ezinxulumene ngqo ixesha kolawulo lwakhe, kunzima kakhulu. Eyona idumileyo ke yotshintsho kwiKhalenda baseRoma. Abemi kwakufuneka aye kwikhalenda elanga, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa zizazinzulu ukusuka Alexandria Sozingen. Ngoko ke, ngo-45 BC Ngoku kukho Kwazeka oko kubo bonke kwikhalenda Julian.

Ukufa yeTestamente

Ngoku kucacile ngubani na Yuliy Tsezar, ogama engobomi yagqitywa kakhulu ezibuhlungu. Ngowe-44 BC iyelenqe kwasekwa ulawulo lwakhe yedwa. Abachasi kunye abaxhasi uzwilakhe babemoyika yena uAdam yena ukumkani. Elinye iqela ikhokelwa ngu Mark Yuny Iuni.

Kwintlanganiso nabavukeli yeeNgwevu waqonda ingcamango kaKesare intshabalalo. Emzimbeni wakhe emva kokubulawa ivunjululwe 23 amanxeba okuhlatywa. Abemi baseRoma wayitshisa emzimbeni Forum.

Gay Yuly wenza umtshana wakhe ezihlangwini uGayo Octavius (eyayimkhulisile), owayevuka kwiikota ezintathu ilifa, wabizwa ngolu hlobo: uGayo Yuliy Tsezar.

Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe, wabasukela umgaqo-nkqubo sacralization igama lakhe , engowemizalwane yakhe. Kuyabonakala ukuba, impumelelo isenzo sakhe phezu ekukhuthazeni umntu wakhe ngaphaya kokulindelekileyo bakhe. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto ehlabathini namhlanje of uGayo Yuliya Tsezarya yaziwa ngokuba abafundi, kunye nabameli hlabathi zobugcisa.