Abaphathiswa leMicimbi yangaPhandle USSR. UMphathiswa yokuqala leMicimbi yangaPhandle USSR

nkqubo yiSoviet amazwe owayephethe-arhente ezimeleyo. Imbali ezisemthethweni zesebe ezizodwa nkqubo angaphandle waqala ngoJulayi 6, 1923. Ngexesha uphila phambi ekuweni igunya USSR labizwa izihlandlo eziliqela, loo nto ayizange ukutshintsha undoqo wemisebenzi yawo.

UMphathiswa yokuqala leMicimbi yangaPhandle USSR

Intloko yaBantu Commissariat Chicherin Georgy, owazalelwa 1872 kwiphondo Tambov. Ndafumana imfundo yabucala ozakuzo. Ukususela ngo-1898, Chicherin wasebenza kwiSebe leMicimbi yangaPhandle yoBukhosi baseRashiya. emqoka ngonozakuzaku Soviet elizayo - kukudala IsiShwankathelo kwimbali yoMphathiswa. kokuba Ngokuthe ngcembe lweli iimbono yobusoshiyali. Ukususela 1904 ukuya Revolution, waphila kwelinye. Yena wayelilungu yali iqela States of Western Europe. Emva kokuba revolution, umphathiswa eSoviet amazwe babuya ekuthinjweni, yinxalenye yobomi kwezopolitiko asebenzayo karhulumente kwixesha kweMfazwe Civil. Ngokusemthethweni ekhokelwa yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Foreign kunye ngoJulayi 6, 1923 ukuya kuJulayi 21, 1930.

Nangona kunjalo, umsebenzi yokwenene zokubonisana Tchitcherin kwenziwa phambi kokuba kunikezelwe iwonga esemthethweni. Zazi sinokholo Chicherina ekusombululeni imiba emininzi lobudlelwane macala i-Union kunye namazwe Koloni Genoa kunye Lausanne neenkomfa (1922 no-1923), kwakunye nangexesha lokubhalwa ngokutyikitya isivumelwano soxolo Rapallo nzima kakhulu.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs ye-USSR ngo-1930 ukuya Education yeZizwe eziManyeneyo

Litvinov Maksim Maksimovich wakhokela ubulungiseleli imicimbi angaphandle zinzima ukusuka kwindawo yezopolitiko yokucingela ixesha (iminyaka 1930-1939), kuba ngeli xesha eSoviet Union omkhulu zocindezelo kwezopolitiko. Njengoko umfundisi wenza imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo:

• Kut- lobudlelwane bezozakuzo kunye ne-United States.
• USSR wazeka uManyano Lwezizwe (UN prototype lombutho wayekho ukususela ngo-1918 ukuya 1940 enyanisweni, kwaye ngokusemthethweni ekuyilweni UN). Yena abameli abasisigxina League of Nations.

Ngonozakuzaku yokuqala ababekhonza njengoko igosa (emva ukuthiya ngokutsha bonke), "uMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle ye-USSR" - yi Vyacheslav Molotov, ngubani wabubhekisa-arhente ukususela ngoMeyi 3, 1939 ukuya kuMatshi ka-4, 1949. Eli bali omnye ababhali Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. Olu xwebhu Kwandile yahlulwe Yurophu yaba amacandelo eziphembelela USSR kunye kummandla waseJamani. Emva kokusayina imiqobo isivumelwano ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uHitler kungekho ngaphezulu.

Ukususela ngoMatshi 1949 ukuya 1953, ngenkonzo ekhokelwa Andrei Vyshinsky. indima yakhe-nkqubo bezinye iintlanga mbali USSR ziye abaza kuvavanywa ngayo. Emva kwemfazwe, yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwinkomfa Potsdam, ekudalweni leZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka ukulwela iimfuno zezopolitiko USSR kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Kwakhona musa ukulibala ukuba ngaloo minyaka yaba kwiMfazwe yaseKorea ukuba uchake lizwe ukuba zibe ezimbini ithi: yosongo kunye wongxowankulu. Kakade ke, umlungiseleli engumnini indima enkulu kakhulu ziphembelela emfazweni "iqhosha lokulayita" phakathi Union kunye United States.

Vyacheslav Molotov - kuphela nguMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle waseUSSR, ngubani ibuyiselwe kwi-ofisi emva kokufa kukaStalin. Noko ke, wasebenza njengoko uMphathiswa kangako elide - up ukuya ethile Twentieth Party Congress.

Andrei Gromyko

Abaphathiswa ye-USSR rhoqo wasebenza urhulumente ixesha elide. Kodwa akukho namnye kubo bakwazi ukubambelela sithuba kangangoko iyakwazi Andreyu Andreevichu Gromyko (1957 ukuya 1985), esikhulu umsebenzi, eleza kuye ilizwi zokuphulaphula, iinkokeli ezininzi Western. Ngale wezopolitiko uyakwazi ukuthetha lukhulu, kuba ukuba njengabangabangakho efanayo indawo elungelelanisiweyo kwimiba emininzi lobudlelwane macala kunye eUnited States, "IMfazwe" ngokulula kufike ibe yangempela. Eyona mpumelelo ibalulekileyo umphathiswa ingqalelo kokugqitywa sivumelwano SALT-1.

Le yokugqibela umfundisi Soviet amazwe

Eduard Shevardnadze naye ndili ekhokela Soviet Foreign Ministry. Enyanisweni, yena ngonozakuzaku oyintloko ilizwe ukuze Union, xa wayephuma ngokufutshane isithuba ngo-1991. Njengoko usazi, ukususela 1985 urhulumente waqalisa ixesha ukulungiswa.

ezibalulekileyo ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo angaphandle nabo zitshintshile. Umzekelo, umsebenzi obalulekileyo ubunye eJamani. Ukusombulula lo mba kwakuxhomekeke-nkqubo ye-USSR. iinkokheli lizwe wabona imfuneko utshintsho, ngoko ke ikhosi nkqubo abaziintlanga akuyi kuhlala injalo. Eduard Shevardnadze waba ngonozakuzaku ebalaseleyo netshatsheleyo.