Fire Safety Act. iinkqubo ukhuseleko emlilweni. ukhuseleko Fire - ukuba ...

Imililo ibangela umonakalo omkhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ahamba kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwezakhiwo, izixhobo, izibonelelo, kodwa nangokufa kwabantu. Ngokumalunga nalokhu, ukhuseleko lomlilo luye lwaba ngongoma. Kwinqanaba likarhulumente, izenzo eziqhelekileyo ezilawula le ndawo zamukelwe. Emva koko, masiqwalasele ngokukodwa okokukhuseleko komlilo kwendawo, kwaye yiyiphi inyathelo lokukhusela elithathelwa ukukhusela nokuqeda umlilo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Injongo yokukhuselwa komlilo kukukhangela kwindlela efanelekileyo kunye neyoqoqosho ngokufanelekileyo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela umlilo kunye nokupheliswa kwazo. Umsebenzi oyintloko kukunciphisa umonakalo kunye nokusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwemikhosi kunye nezindlela zokucima. Ukhuseleko lomlilo - lo luhlobo lwento, apho, okokuqala, amathuba okutshitshiswa komlilo ayabandakanywa. Xa kwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke, amanyathelo afanelekileyo akhethwe kwinqanaba lokhuselo. Injongo ephambili elandelwa ukukhuselwa komlilo kukupheliswa kwefuthe elibi lezinto ezinobungozi kubantu, izinto eziphathekayo kunye nezakhiwo.

Isiseko esiqhelekileyo

Isenzo somthetho esisemthethweni esilawula inkqubo, ngokungqinelana nokhuseleko lomlilo esungulwayo, nguMthetho we-Federal No. No. 69. Umthetho wezomthetho kule ndawo ukwamkelwa ngamagunya aneemfanelo zamaphepha afanelekileyo, isenzo esichazwe ekulawuleni ubudlelwane boluntu ngokuphathelele ukhuselo. Uphuhliso lwezenzo eziqhelekileyo ngamagqeba alawulayo lwenziwa ngendlela ebekwe nguRhulumente waseRussia Federation. Izifundo zeli lizwe zinelungelo lokudala nokuvunywa ngaphakathi kwemida yamaphepha abo abaneemfuno zabo ezijoliswe ekuqinisekiseni nasekuqiniseni ukukhusela izinto ezivela emlilweni. Nayiphi na umyalelo okanye umyalelo wokukhusela umlilo kufuneka uhambelane neemfuno zomthetho jikelele.

Ukuphuhliswa nokuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo

UMthetho woKhuseleko loMlilo ubeka iimfuno ezithile kwiinkqubo zokukhusela. Ukuphuhliswa kwamanyathelo kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nesikhokelo sokulawula esisebenza kweli lizwe, kunye nesiseko samava ekulwa nemiphumo yomlilo, ukuvavanya imeko yezinto eziphathekayo, izinto, iimveliso, iinkqubo zobuchwepheshe, izakhiwo, izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Umthetho "NgoKhuselo loMlilo" ufuna abaphakeli (abenzi) ukuba bagcine amaxwebhu afanelekileyo ezobugcisa kwimveliso. Kuyo, ngaphandle kwengcaciso, kufuneka kubekho umyalelo wokusetyenziswa. Kwiimpawu zobugcisa zeemveliso kuyimfuneko ukubonisa iklasi yokukhusela umlilo yomveliso. Oku kuyimfuneko ukhetha indlela yokucwangcisa nokuthutha iimveliso.

Amagunya anamandla, xa kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zokukhusela umlilo, kufuneka zinike izicombululo eziza kubakho abantu. Lo msebenzi kufuneka uphunyezwe kwisigaba sokuyila. Kuzo zonke iinkampani kunye namaziko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni uhlobo lobunikazi, kufuneka kuphuhliswe isicwangciso sokukhusela umlilo. Kufuneka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, zibandakanye amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwabasebenzi kunye nabemi beendawo ezikufuphi. Iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo mazivunyelwe ngamagunya aseburhulumenteni nakwimimandla.

Ukubonelelwa kokukhusela umlilo kumashishini

Ukukhusela umlilo ngumnye wempawu eziphambili zezinto. Ngokusekelwe kulo, inqanaba lokukhuselwa lihlolwa, kunye nokusebenza kwamanyathelo okucingelweyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa, ummandla weshishini, isiseko, igumbi kufuneka ligcinwe licocekile. Emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi, ummandla kufuneka uhlambulule udoti otshabalalayo, inkunkuma, ukupakishwa kunye nezinye izinto ezingabangela ingozi yomlilo. Kufuneka ichithwe ngokufanelekileyo, ithathwe kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo.

Isicwangciso sokukhusela umlilo kufuneka sinikeze ukufikelela kwamahhala kuzo zonke izakhiwo, izakhiwo, izakhi zesakhiwo. Indlela yokuhamba kunye nokuhamba kwimithombo yamanzi kufuneka ihlale ivulekile. Kwintsimi yeshishini ebusuku, ukukhanya kufanele kusebenze. Akuvumelekile ukwakha amabhonasi, utshise inkunkuma, izinto zokupakisha kunye nezikhonkwane ngaphakathi kweshishini. Ukulawula, ukugcinwa kwempahla, ukuvelisa, ukuthengisa kunye nezinye izakhiwo kufuneka zinikezelwe izixhobo zokulwa nomlilo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho ekhoyo. Ukubhema kuvinjelwe kwintengiso kunye neendawo zorhwebo. Kule ndawo, indawo ezizodwa kufuneka zinikezelwe. Izixhobo zokukhusela ukuvulela umnyango kunye nezobuchwepheshe kwiindonga eziphazamisayo kunye nezingaphakathi kufuneka zibe sekulungele ukusebenza.

Xa uwela izithintelo zomlilo ngoqhagamshelwano oluhlukeneyo, iimveliso zomshushu akufanele zingene kwiipaka phakathi kwezakhiwo zokwakha. Amakhonkco angaphandle kunye nezicingo ophahleni lwezakhiwo kufuneka zibe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukugcinwa kwempahla yokucima iyenziwa kwiibhokisi ezizodwa zetsimbi ezinezikhuni ezivaliweyo. Emva kokwenza umsebenzi ofunekayo, isitya kufuneka sikhululwe kwiidragi. I-Overalls yabasebenzi isebenzisa iipende, i-varnishes, ii-oyile kufuneka zigcinwe kwiikhabhinethi zetsimbi, ezimele zifakwe kwiindawo ezizodwa. Imimiselo yeNgingqi kufuneka imise inkqubo ngokuhambelana noluphi uphicotho lokukhusela umlilo.

Iintlobo zezinto

Ngokutsho kwe-SNIP, umveliso uhlulwe ngamacandelo ama-6 ekuqhubheni, ukuqhuma kunye nomlilo:

• A-amashishini asebenzisa i-gases ezinokutsha, inqanaba elingaphantsi lokutsalathisa okwi-10%. Ngexesha elifanayo izinto ezinjalo zingenza izixhobo ezinokuqhuma kwi-volume ye-5% yevolumu yevolumu. Icandelo A libandakanya amabhizinisi asebenzisa i-gesi kunye neelwelo ezikwazi ukutshisa nokutshabalalisa xa zibandakanya i-oksijini, amanzi, okanye omnye komnye.
• B - umveliso, osebenzisa iigesi ngezinga elincinci lokutshisa i-10%. Eli candelo libandakanya amabhizinisi apho iifayili ezinokutsha kunye nothuli olunomlinganiselo wokunciphisa umonakalo we-65 g / m ³ nangaphantsi.
• B - umveliso, apho utywala obunokutsha obunokushisa obushushu obunama-610 degrees asetyenziswa. Eli candelo libandakanya amabhizinisi asebenzisa izinto eziqinileyo ezikwazi ukutshisa ngaphandle kokuqha ga mshelana kunye namanzi, umoya okanye omnye nomnye.
• D - imveliso, apho izinto ezingenakutsha kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo zisetyenzisiweyo kwindawo echitshiweyo, eshushu okanye eshushu, kunye ne-gases, iziqulatho kunye neenxilisi ezisebenza njengefuthe.
• D - amashishini apho ukuqhutyelwa kwezinto ezingenakutsha kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo kwiimeko ezibandayo zenziwa.
• I-E-mveliso, apho izixhobo eziqhubisayo zisetyenziselwa isixa semali engaphezulu kwe-5% yevolumu yecumbi kwaye apho, ngokwemiqathango yenkqubo yezobuchwepheshe, kuphela ukuqhuma ngaphandle kokutsha. Eli candelo libandakanya amabhizinisi asebenzisa izixhobo ezinokutshabalalisa i-oksijini, amanzi, okanye omnye komnye.

IiNdawo zeNdawo

Ngokuhambelana ne-PUE, elawula ukufakwa kwezixhobo zombane kwimimandla yoshishino kunye nokufakela ngaphandle, umqathango oyintloko ngumgangatho wokukhusela umlilo. Kule mihla, iindidi ezininzi zeendawo zamukelwe. Ngokukodwa, bahlula:

• Iklasi B. Eli candelo liquka indawo apho igesi eqhubisayo kunye ne-vapor compounds zingabumba ngomoya phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo.
• Iklasi B-1a. Kwiindawo ezinjalo, ukuxhunyezwa okuqhubhisayo akubunjwa phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo, kodwa oku kunokwenzeka ngeentlungu kunye neengozi.
• Iklasi yoKhuseleko loMlilo iB-1b. Iquka indawo apho iindawo ezinokutsha kunye neendesi ezinokutsha ezinokutsha kunye nefuthe elimnandi, kunye nemveliso ekuqhutyelwa kuyo ukuqhuma i-volume engaphezu kwe-5% ye-volume volume.
• Iklasi B-1c. Ukuze kuthwale ukufakwa kwangaphandle apho kukho izixhobo zokunxila, ukuhamba kunye neegesi.
• Iklasi B-2. Kwiinkalo zale nqanaba, ukucubungulwa kwamafutha anokutsha kunye nothuli olukwazi ukwenza izixhobo eziqhubekileyo phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza eziqhelekileyo zenziwa.
• Iklasi B-2a. Iquka indawo apho iifayili ezivuthayo kunye nothuli zingenza izixhobo ezinobungozi xa kwenzeka ukungasebenzi okanye ingozi.
• Iklasi P-1. Eli candelo liquka ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ezinokutsha.
• Iklasi P-2. Kukho izidumbu ezinokutsha ezinkqonkqeni, umda we-concentration engaphantsi kwe-65 g / m3.
• Iklasi P-2a. Olu hlobo luquka umveliso apho izinto ezinokutsha zikhona kwiimeko ezizinzileyo, ezingenako ukudlula kwiimeko ezimiselweyo.
• Iklasi P-3. Eli candelo liquka ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezinokutsha kunye nezixhobo ezinamandla eziqulethwe.

Ukukhusela umlilo ngexesha leeholide leNtsuku

IiHolo apho iziganeko ezininzi zibanjelwe khona akufanele ziphakame ngaphezu komgangatho wesibini kwaye ziphume ezi-2. Ngokwemiqathango, ngokubhekiselele kulokhu ukhuseleko lomlilo kwintsimi, isikolo, elinye iziko kufuneka linikezelwe, kuyimfuneko ukubeka ii-agent zokucima kwiindawo ezifikelelekayo. Umthi weKrismesi kufuneka ubekwe kwindawo ezinzile. Kubekwa kude kwiinkampani zokufudumeza nokuphuma. Amagatya akufanele athathe amakhethini, amakhethini kunye nezinye izinto ezinokutsha.

Umyalelo ngokubhekiselele kulokhu ukhuseleko lomlilo luqinisekisiwe esikolweni, isikolo kunye nezinye izibonelelo zabantwana zivumela ukusetyenziswa kwee-electrogarlands ezenziwe ngumbumba ukuhlobisa. Zonke iingubo, uboya bekotoni, ii-toys ze-toys kufuneka ziphathwe ngetyala elilahlayo. Ukwenza oko, thabatha i-150 g ye-soda kunye ne-50 g yesitashi kwaye uchithe ngamanzi afudumele (ilitha eli-1). Iingubo kunye neemathoyizi zixutywe kuyo imizuzu eyi-10, ke zomiswa.

Umyalelo ngokuhambelana nokhuseleko lomlilo unikezelwa kwi-DOW, isikolo nakwamanye amaziko abantwana awenqabela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinokutsha ukuvelisa iindumiso zeKrisimesi. Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izixhobo zomlilo, izibane zeBangal, ikhandlela, izixhobo zokucima umlilo ngexesha leziganeko. Ingongoma ekhethekileyo yimiba ende yeKrisimesi emide, eyenziwe ngezinto eziphathekayo. Xa zivutha, zikhulula izixhobo ezinobungozi ezinobungozi kwimpilo.

Ukhuseleko lomlilo ngexesha leeholide leNyaka elitsha linikezelwa ngabantu abachaphazelekayo beziko. Kwimeko apho kufuneka kubekho abaya emsebenzini emsebenzini wokulawula. Uxanduva oluphambili luqhutywa ngumlawuli weziko. Uphicotho-mlilo wokuphicothwa komlilo kufuneka lwenziwe phambi komcimbi.

Ku

Ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwepropathi, impilo kunye nobomi babantu kumaziko, amabhizinisi kunye nakwiindawo ezikufuphi, kuyimfuneko ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokukhusela umlilo. Olu xwebhu lugxininiswe nobuchule boburhulumente. Iseti epheleleyo ifakiwe ekuhlolweni, kuquka imifanekiso, imidwebo, namanye amaphepha. Xa ulungiselela icebo lokukhusela umlilo, kucetyiswa ukuba ufune uncedo lweengcali ezifanelekileyo. Xa kutyalwa, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iimpawu zesakhiwo sakhiwo kunye nomyalelo wokusebenza kwayo. I-WIS iqukethe isicatshulwa kunye nesicatshulwa. Makhe siwaqwalasele ngokubanzi.

Ibhloko yombhalo

Iqulethe:

• Ukubalwa kwemingcipheko kunye nezokhuseleko.
• Uluhlu kunye nenkcazo yeendawo apho izixhobo zokukhusela zibekwa khona, iingcebiso malunga nokusetyenziswa kwazo kunye nempawu zokunxibelelana nazo zonke izinto ezakhiweyo zesakhiwo.
• Udidi lokhuseleko lwento.
• Inkcazo yamacandelo okubonelela ngamanzi ngaphandle kwesakhiwo kunye nokubonisa iindlela zokufikelela kwisixhobo.
• Bonisa umgama okhoyo phakathi kwamacandelo, izinto zangaphandle, apho ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo luqinisekiswa khona.
• Amanyathelo okudala iimeko eziyimfuneko zokupheliswa komlilo.
• Isisombululo sokukhusela abantu emlilweni.
• Uluhlu lwezakhiwo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo apho ukutyikitya ngokuzenzekelayo kudibaniswe kwaye ziphantsi kokukhuselwa okunyanzeliswayo ngeendlela zokucima.

Inxalenye yezobugcisa

Iqulethe:

• Inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo.
• Umzobo wesayithi eneendlela ezithile zokufikelela kwizixhobo kunye neendlela zokushiya intsimi.
• Isicwangciso sokuphucula.

Izixhobo zokuhlanganiswa

Isicwangciso senziwe ngamanyathelo. Inkqubo yokuyila ixwebhu kufuneka ilawulwe ngumntu ogunyazisiweyo. Njengomthetho, ungumhloli womlilo. Ngokuhambelana ne-GOST, elawula ukuphuhliswa kwesicwangciso, inxalenye yesicatshulwa kufuneka iqulunqwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokusemandleni, kuba libonakala luncedo. Kufuneka kuthathele ingqalelo nakwizinto ezincinane zobunjineli, iimpawu zendlela yokuphucula umoya, inxalenye yomoya, ukuhamba komsi wommandla. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela nayiphi na into echaphazela ukukhutshwa kwabantu besakhiwo. Unonophelo olukhethekileyo kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwimbambano yokudibanisa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezincinci. Ezi zibandakanya, ngokukodwa, izitebhisi, ii-corridors, iingcango. Ukunyaniseka kwezi ndawo akufanele kudlulele abantu abayi-9 kumitha nganye.

Inkqubo yoKhuseleko

Injongo yendalo yayo, okokuqala, ukukhusela umlilo. Ngelo xesha, abantu kunye nepropathi kufuneka bakhuselwe xa kwenzeka umlilo. Inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo iquka ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Inkomfa yeenkqubo kunye nezobugcisa.
• Amanyathelo okukhusela umlilo.
• Inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo.

Amanyathelo okuthintela ukutshabalalisa kuyinkxalabo ekhethekileyo, ngaphandle kokubakho kokudlula ubuninzi bexabiso elivumelekile. Imilinganiselo yokulinganiselwa imisiwe ngokuhambelana noMthetho okhankanywe ngasentla ngoMthetho woKhuseleko loMlilo. Isethi yamanyathelo ijoliswe ekukhuseleni isongelo kwaye kubangele umonakalo ngenxa yesiganeko. Ukukhutshwa kwamathuba okubakho kwimeko yengozi yomlilo kufezekiswa ngokuthintela ukwakheka kombane onokutsha, kwindawo yokusekwa, okanye ukuveliswa kwemithombo yokutshaya.

Injongo yokhuseleko olukhuselekileyo kukubonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela impembelelo engalunganga okanye ukunciphisa. Lo msebenzi ufezekiswa ngokunciphisa i-dynamics yokukhula kwezinto ezinobungozi, amanyathelo okuphucula kunye nokucima. Inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo kufuneka imelane nomthelela ombi womlilo ngexesha eliyimfuneko yokuphelisa ingxamiseko. Ngokuhambelana nale nto, izixhobo apho isaziso, ukufumana nokulawula ukukhutshwa, kufuneka sisebenze ngendlela engaphazamisekiyo. Kule meko, inkqubo ye-alamu mayibe ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ekugqibeleni

Namhlanje, ilizwe lifuna iimfuno eziqinileyo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomlilo kumashishini nakumaziko. Imithetho emiselweyo ivumela ukukhusela ngokufanelekileyo impahla kunye nabantu. Ukuphululwa komlilo ukhuseleko kunokukhokelela ekubambeni, kwaye ngezinye iziphumo ezingenakuguquka. Ngokumalunga nalokhu, uxanduva lwamagosa, abahloli, kunye nabaphathi nabo banqabile ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo.