RSFSR - yintoni na le nto? RSFSR: yombhalo, imfundo, ukwakhiwa kunye indawo

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala igama RSFSR wabonakala ngowe-1918, oko usetyenziswa isihloko ukuba urhulumente yokuqala yesigaba ehlabathini, emva kokuba Oktobha Revolution ka-1917. Ivela kude kuye ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1991, xa kwagqitywa ekubeni igama kwakhona yelizwe Russian Federation. njani ukuba Ngoko ke imfundo RSFSR, le ungayiqondiyo akhusela kwaye zeziphi ezi ziganeko zibalulekileyo ezenzeka endaweni yayo? Konke oku kubalulekile ukwazi Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba ukuba liqikelele ikamva naliphi na ilizwe kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusekelwe ulwazi kwimbali yawo.

Ukuyilwa kwento karhulumente entsha kwintsimi yoBukhosi yangaphambili Russian

Ngenxa yokuba i-Oktobha Revolution, abanye ababhali-mbali nabavumayo bakholwe kombuso, kwiRiphabliki lwabhengezwa, yaye ngoJanuwari 1918, i-Congress Yesithathu Amaqumrhu adopted uxwebhu ebalulekileyo - ". Kubasebenzi nabantu bexhatshazwa" i-Declaration, leyo Yazisa ilungelo E liphepha elinye ibhengeze ukuba urhulumente elitsha umanyano, yaye emva kwexesha ukuba libhekisela RSFSR baqalisa ukuba nisebenzise esi shunqulelo, ziqonde leyo sisandi samanzi Russian Soviet eManyeneyo Socialist Republic. Noko ke, ngelo xesha, eli lizwe ukuba akukho umlinganiswa esemthethweni, okanye amandla sinxilisayo, okulawula wonke ummandla zayo.

Imbali (ngaphambi kokuba abe yinxalenye USSR)

Phakathi kaFebruwari noMatshi 1918, inxalenye enkulu amaphondo elalisakuba yoBukhosi Russian yamiselwa ngamandla Amaqumrhu, ingqukuva endaweni Petrograd sabhengezwa eMoscow. Ukuze komelezwe impembelelo yayo kwaye ngonaphakade bangcwabe uuthemba monarchists kwi ukuvuselelwa lobuzwilakhe eli lizwe, ngoJulayi e Ekaterinburg iiBolsheviks wadubula intsapho uNicholas II. Loo nto inika umdla into yokuba phantse ngosuku olulandelayo emva koko wangena ukusebenza kwi-siseko wokuqala RSFSR. Esi siganeko kwaphawula ukuphela ngesithuba ukungaqiniseki, xa imida ezi zifundo federal ngokoqobo zizotywe phezu amakhadi "yi iliso", kunye nakummandla efanayo ngaxeshanye isebenze iziqwenga ezimbini okanye ezintathu iingcebiso, njengoko zazibizwa, "ukusebenza", "Soldier" okanye " amasekela abalimi '. Ngenxa yoko, ngelo xesha umbuzo wokuba yintoni RSFSR, impendulo echanekileyo ngomnye - karhulumente yehlabathi yokuqala yabantu ngokupheleleyo apho uya ukwakha ubukomanisi.

impi yombango

Ukususela ekusekweni kwe RSFSR (okotshiweyo nezishunqulelo sele ukwazi) kwaye ukuya ku-1923 kwi imeko imfazwe yamakhaya yaye phantsi ungenelelo yi-Entente. Ukongeza, urhulumente omtsha kwafuneka ukucinezela i Czechs imvukelo nokuthintela umsebenzi Far East. Ngemizamo omkhulu amakhulu amawaka amaxhoba abasebenzi karhulumente kunye nabalimi ukuba kutyumza neepokotho lovukelo, yaye phakathi ehlotyeni 1923, kwilizwe ngoxolo.

USSR kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba USSR

Nangona yamaBolshevik Party kwakukho amanqaku eziliqela ekubukeni umbuzo wokuba yintoni imigaqo kufuneka ke ukuba wakha bengatshatanga sezizwe, ngenxa yokuba iingxoxo, iqela waphumelela exhasayo V. I. Lenina. Ngoko ke, ngoDisemba 29, 1922 kwamiselwa eSoviet Union, zonke republic eyayiqwalaselwe ngokulinganayo yaye ukhululekile ukuba lirhoxe Union. Kule yinxalenye RSFSR ngelo xesha yayiquka Bashkir Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic (yasekwa ngowe-1919), i-Tatar Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic (1920), i-Mountain, i iCrimea kunye Dagestan ASSR (1921), Yakut ASSR (1922), i-Turkestan Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic nabanye . Ngelo xesha ngo-1923, kwaqala kuphuculo lolawulo kunye yemimandla, kwabangela ukwehla ebonakalayo kwindawo SFSR Russian.

RSFSR: ummandla lizwe phambi ekuqaleni IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic

Kwiminyaka ikhona eSoviet Russia iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo itshintshe imida yayo. Ngokukodwa, ngo-1923 kwilali Don kwiNgingqi Luhansk, inxalenye RSFSR, yaba liziko kwisithili elitsha kwisithili Lugansk lwe Ukrainian SSR. utshintsho kakhulu kwenzeka ekwindla ka-1924, xa kwimimandla akumazantsi Turkestan Ukuzilawula Soviet Socialist Republic yahlulwa phakathi Uzbek SSR, kuquka Tajik SSR kunye Turkmen SSR. Nje ekuqaleni kuka-1930 kweli RSFSR yaba ziiriphabliki elinanye, abanesidanga elikhulu lokuzimela. Xa olu hlobo inkululeko ukusombulula imiba emhlabeni kuphela isibhengezo ephepheni kwaye ibingakwazi ukukwenziwa isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Le redrawing Imida elandelayo RSFSR kwi USSR uye waqatshelwa kwii-siseko omtsha eSoviet Union, yamkelwa ngo-1936, apho ukwakhiwa kwiriphabliki federal babesele sirhoxisiwe Kazakh, Kyrgyz kunye Karakalpak ASSR yaye ngowe-1940 kunye Karelian ASSR. Hi ndlela leyi, olu xwebhu, kwaye kule mini kucingwa omnye imithetho lwentando ibalulekileyo yamkelwa ehlabathini ngaloo mzuzu.

inguqu Territorial emva Second World War

Ngowe-1945, ngokutsho kwesiVumelwano Potsdam, Königsberg ezizodwa IVOTI wasiwa USSR kunye RSFSR. Yaba enye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo kummandla wembali ka East Prussia, neyathi kamva iinguqu yaye igama kummandla Kaliningrad. Ngoko ke imida yelizwe inkqubela kwi-West.

Noko ke, ilahleko ibalulekileyo kule ndawo yenzeka ngowe-1954, xa inxalenye Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic wadlula kummandla iCrimea le RSFSR. Oku kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba ubume Sevastopol, obeyindoda umzi ngaphantsi republic ye-Soviet Russia ngelo xesha. Ukongeza, ngoJulayi 1956 njengenxalenye RSFSR ke labuyiselwa ukungena ezinye ekwakhiweni yesizwe-sendawo i Karelian ASSR.

Le RSFSR ngexesha lokusekwa i Russian Federation

Ngowe-25 Disemba 1993 i-RSFSR yayiquka Ingushetia, Chechnya, Karachay-Cherkessia, Chuvash, Udmurt, Kabardino-Balkaria kunye Bashkortostan republic Buryatia, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Karelia, Mari El, Tatarstan, Sakha (Yakutia), yaseTuva, . Adygea, zeAltai Mountains, Khakassia, Komi, kunye nabanye ngoko ke, impendulo yalo mbuzo, yintoni na RSFSR kunye namashishini karhulumente, izilingo ngexesha ekuweni yiSoviet Union, yile: kuba yimeko federal, eziquka inani elikhulu kwimimandla, imimandla nasemazweni ziye amalungelo alinganayo kunye nobume.

Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 1991 eMoscow yayamkela isibhengezo, elavakaliswa kwelungiselelo Union of Soviet Socialist kunye Russian Federation (ngexesha le RSFSR) yathatyathwa ulandela ngokusemthethweni elalisakuba yiSoviet Union waza wathatha indawo yayo kule mibutho yamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba RSFSR - kwesifinyezo osetyenziselwe ukuchaza "imo socialism yoloyiso" ihlabathi yokuqala kuqala, yaye kamva - enye republic eSoviet Union, ukuba ezihlangwini leyo namhlanje ilizwe lethu.