Ingqiqo iimpepha zemali-mboleko

Economy njalo inxulumanisa inani elikhulu kweemarike: izibambiso, abasebenzi, imali, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ke zonke ezi zinto zihlangana iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zemali, ezo iinjongo ezahlukeneyo.

Ingqiqo iimpepha zemali-mboleko

Uqoqosho igcwele ngokwemiqathango enxulumene nokusebenza iinkqubo ezithile, amacandelo, iimpawu zorhwebo. Ingcamango avela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo ezininzi ngenzululwazi: physics, imathematika, amayeza, amanani, ezoqoqosho, kunye nezinye iinkalo. Alikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwabo, kwaye inkqubo yehlabathi zezimali, kuquka kwiimalike zemali kunye nemarike imali.

Yintoni ukuthini yemvelaphi?

Ngokubanzi, yemvelaphi ebizwa udidi wabumba yobukhulu elula ngakumbi okanye imilo. Kwimathematika, isigama ithe kunciphisa ukuze bafumane umsebenzi ngokuthi umehluko umsebenzi yokuqala. Physics uyayiqonda izinga yemvelaphi utshintsho yenkqubo. Le ngcamango izixhobo zemali-mboleko kunye nemisebenzi ukuba enze, nto leyo ngokusondeleyo ukuya uhlobo yemvelaphi xa lilonke kwaye abe isicelo ngqo eluncedo kwi kwiimalike zemali.

Uvumelane, okanye ingqiqo izixhobo izibambiso market esukela

Igama elithi "livela" (kwinzala isiJamani) esasifudula ukuchaza ukuba yemvelaphi umsebenzi zezibalo, kodwa kwinkulungwane ye-yamashumi ngokusondeleyo ezinzile kwiimalike zemali, kwaye phantse baphulukana intsingiselo yawo yokuqala. Namhlanje ingqikelelo esukela izibambiso asinguye kuphela ngohlobo lwayo apha ekuhambeni iinkcazelo ezifana: izibambiso aphakamileyo, yemvelaphi ye yemvelaphi yesibini umyalelo, ithe mali, njalo njalo, ukuba alunasiphumo kwi ingqiqo jikelele ...

A livela, isixhobo zemali okanye umyalelo 2 - a fixed-term, nto leyo phakathi kwamaqela amabini okanye nangaphezulu, ngokusesikweni ngokutshintshiselana stock okanye ngokungekho kunye inxaxheba kumaziko zemali, olusekelwe kwinkcazelo ixabiso lexesha elizayo-asethi okanye isixhobo yokwenene ophum.

iimpawu eziphambili avela

Le nkcazo inamacandelo ezininzi ezingundoqo, kufike ingqiqo kunye neentlobo avela apho:

1. Derevativ - le contract, impumelelo apho amaqela amabini okanye anomdla okanye imibutho. Kuxhomekeka kwindlela kwimarike kunye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ixabiso, elinye icala uya kuba uphumeleleyo, enye - a angalahlekelwa nto. Le nkqubo ayinakuphepheka.
2. isivumelwano zemali ngokusemthethweni ngokutshintshiselana stock okanye ngaphandle istock exchange kunye inxaxheba iinkampani nemibutho lweendawo kwelinye icala kunye neebhanki kunye namaziko zemali non-bank - kwelinye icala. Ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwemali becala kugqiba ingakumbi yemvelaphi.
3. Le livela indlela yesibini ezimalini, ngokunjalo ngezibalo, kukho isiseko okanye kwesiseko. Kuphela xa inzululwazi ukunciphisa yonke umsebenzi olula, imalike zezimali usebenza nge-asethi yokwenene. Ngelo istock exchange asethi lokwenene yahlulwe ngokweendidi ezine: impahla okanye impahla yorhwebo (imigangatho iProtkholi yorhwebo); izibambiso (izabelo, iibhondi) kunye noninzi; iintengiselwano lwemali kunye amakamva (izivumelwano ezizodwa).
4. Term kwesivumelwano - kuxhomekeke kwi-variations isixhobo zemali. Ukumisela umhla ngqo yokwenza esi sivumelwano ukukhusela umdla nokunciphisa imingcipheko kuwo omabini amacala. Kodwa umthetho, i inzuzo evela deal ufumana enye kuphela.

Securities nesimo: ingqiqo, iintlobo, injongo yokusebenzisa

A inkalo ethile le-Exchange njengoko kwicandelo kwimakethi kukuba yenza nje kuphela umsebenzi 'amaxabiso "(oko sizalwa isininzi kwiimarike eyaziwa namhlanje), kodwa ke ingozi inshorensi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amaqela ayavuma ukuba angene kwimvumelwano kwaye amisele umhla ngqo ukuphunyezwa kwayo, ukunciphisa imingcipheko kokuzifaka ilahleko kwixesha elizayo.

Kuba zewaranti, eziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kunye izivumelwano fixed-term, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili:

• Lekusasa.
• Phambili.
• Okukhethwayo.

Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

Ngekusasa nje iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zemali-mboleko

Bazisebenzise baba ngoovulindlela kwi istock exchange njengoko isixhobo zemali. A kwesitya yengqolowa kunye nerayisi amatikiti ukuba ayiqinisekisi abavelisi bezolimo ingeniso, nokuba kunyaka yajika baqhame okanye hayi.

Bazisebenzise izivumelwano - ingqikelelo yezixhobo esukela zemali ezinxulumene ekuphelisweni ikamva yorhwebo isivumelwano intengiso asethi engundoqo, kulo mzekelo, amaqela ayavuma kuphela kwinqanaba ukuhla kwixabiso le-asethi kwaye phantsi kwembophelelo exchange up lokuvuthwa "ukubulawa."

Ngexa isivumelwano lwangoku, ixabiso zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke utshintsho kuqoqosho, imigaqo-nkqubo, iimeko zemarike, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, amaxabiso impahla ezinxulumeneyo. Abathengi bayazuza xa amaxabiso ezikhoyo obuphantsi kunawe apho mvumelwano yaqukunjelwa. Vice versa.

Ebonakalayo amakamva unyango ezimbi (kakhulu ukodlula) ukuba ekugqibeleni olahlwe asethi ngokwenene yaye musa ukubonakalisa eyona meko kwezoqoqosho. Ixabiso elipheleleyo ikamva, omnye isihlanu - ixabiso elililo lwe impahla, yaye-fifths ezine - ". Ingozi" ixabiso

Phambili okanye isivumelwano "phambi"

Phambili kunye nezinye zivumelwano ziquka ekwahluleni yezixhobo esukela zemali kwimarike, inxalenye yayo ngokungacwangciswanga. Ngamanye amazwi, phambili uyibone kwi istock exchange, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi zenziwa ngqo phakathi oosomashishini enye okanye iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zemisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

Phambili isivumelwano okanye phambili (ukusuka IsiNgesi "ngaphambili.") - kukho isivumelwano phakathi kwamaqela konikezelo kweempahla kwithuba ngqongqo echaziweyo ixesha. Njengoko kubonakala kule nkcazelo, i phambili ngokufuthi isebenza kunye nempahla yorhwebo kunokuba izibambiso okanye izixhobo zemali. Omnye umahluko omkhulu ukusuka phambili nezinye izixhobo ukuba ingaba kuba iimveliso non-standardised okanye iinkonzo. Istock exchange anemvume yorhwebo badlula iitshekhi engqongqo umgangatho kungqinelwano nemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuba impahla ngaphandle istock exchange, awusebenzi le mfuneko. Umthwalo imveliso isekelwe ngokupheleleyo kumboneleli kunye neengozi - umthengi.

Ixabiso ekuvunyelwene ibizwa ixabiso lonikezelo phambili. Ngethuba lexesha le mvumelwano ngayo akatshintshi. Kodwa ukusukela ukuba oku kwenza ukuba amaqela neengxaki ezithile, Exchange inika enye kwezivumelwano phambili, leyo kuthiwa ngenye indlela, kodwa ke uyafana phambili: itransekshini abelane isiqinisekiso ukwenzela ukuthenga, ukuthengisa kunye norhwebo ngokomrhumo.

izivumelwano Option kwi istock exchange

Isithsaba beneempahla esukela zemali, ingqiqo, iintlobo kunye iintlobo zeHPV zingonobangela kwezivumelwano ukhetho. De kwangowe-1973, badibana kuphela ukutshintshiselana yorhwebo, kodwa emva kweminyaka elishumi elinanye kuphela ubudala baba izixhobo ukuphathwa yesibini kwiimalike zemali ehlabathini jikelele.

Ngoku ukhetho olusekelwe kunokuba phantse nayiphi na impahla: izibambiso, indices stock, impahla, umyinge wenzala, ukuthenga lwemali, yaye okona kubaluleke ngaphezu komnye, omnye isixhobo zemali. UKhetho - yemvelaphi komyalelo wesithathu, a superstructure phezu kwezinye superstructure zemali.

Ngokusekelwe kungentla, ukhetho - ukuba ngokusesikweni kunye exchange standardised fixed-term, uvumela omnye amaqela ilungelo lokuba enze okanye ukwenza iimfanelo zalo phantsi isivumelwano. Phambili kunye amakamva kufuneka enze ukhetho - hayi. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umthengi okanye umthengisi ukuze bokudlala ikhontrakthi kuya kufuneka ukuba athenge okanye athengise sisananelo asethi, nokuba abaqwalasela lutho, kwaye umnini ukhetho i nga kusinda kule ngxaki.

Umngcipheko lobukho avela wesithathu-order kwimarike zemali

Ngokwemigaqo ye-inshorensi yomngcipheko ukhetho - isixhobo isebenzayo zemali. Kwelinye icala, ubukho ongazikhetha kunye kwiinketho iinketho kunegalelo ukwahlulwa imarike yemali imarike yorhwebo wokwenene ngaphezu naziphi na ezinye izixhobo zemali. ongakhetha Stock eqolo mali zeemarike angakhuselekanga, kwaye nealam incinane kozinzo likhula isikali yeengxaki zemali zehlabathi. Kuba uqoqosho ezingazinzanga lwehlabathi, nto leyo kwiminyaka yakutshanje ixhomekeke kuphazamiseka zendalo, lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, oku kungaphezulu ngokwaneleyo. Akukho kude nentlekele omtsha wezezimali ehlabathini jikelele.