I indawo okuyo ye Nizhny Novgorod. Umgama ukuya eMoscow Lower Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod - isixeko original kakhulu, kunye endleleni yayo ekhethekileyo elikhethekileyo ebomini, kunjalo, ngeendlela ezininzi ezifanayo kwezinye isixeko iVolga enkulu. Ngenye indlela, yenye abo bakubeka eRashiya.

Nizhny Novgorod: indawo, isimo

Uqhekekile umzi ibekwe kwinxalenye yaseYurophu kweli lizwe, apho Oka kunye iVolga uhlanganise. Yeyona iziko lolawulo kwingingqi Nizhny Novgorod, ikomkhulu iVolga Federal District. Ukususela 1932 ukuya 1990, sasisaziwa ngokuba Gorky. Abemi -. 1280 amawaka abantu (ngokwe data 2009, uphakathi 5 kwi-Russian Federation). Le inkulu industrial, ezothutho, iziko eli lizwe yenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko.

I indawo okuyo of Nizhny Novgorod

Abo banomdla yokufumana indlela Nizhny Novgorod kwimaphu ka-Russia, ufanele wazi ukuba isixeko umi zombini ngasechwebeni kwi Oka River. Umlambo wahlula libe zizabelo. umlomo wakhe ngumbindi zejometri waseMpuma European Plain. Kwi ngama efanayo njengoko Nizhny Novgorod zidolophu ezifana Bratsk, Sergiev Posad, Krasnoyarsk, Ekaterinburg, Rzhev. kwiidolophu ezikufutshane zezi: Bogorodsk, Dzerzhinsk, Janai, Kstovo. indawo Lower ka-410 macala onke. m. Kwi kodonga lasekunene Oka naa Dyatlova ezintabeni dumeke. Enye iindawo zesixeko, ibekwe kwi ibhanki ekunene, ebizwa ngokuba yiNtshumayelo. ukuphakama kwayo ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle - 100-200 m ukuphakama phezu kodonga lasekhohlo -. Zarechny - 70-80 m, oko nzulu ngakumbi.

Nizhny Novgorod ubizwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokuba 'sisixeko amachibi kunye nemilambo. " Ukongeza iVolga kunye Oka nommandla wayo bawela yi imilambo nedazini nemilambo ezincinane. Kule dolophu ukuya namachibi mathathu, ezona zinabantu yi Mesherskoye (kwisithili Kanavinsky) apho. ixesha eMoscow isetyenziswa apha. Zonke zone isixeko: UTC + 3 ehlotyeni: UTC + 4. Lower nekhodi yomnxeba: +7 831 Car: 52-152

Imbali: Isiseko yesixeko

Umxholo: "Le indawo okuyo ye Nizhny Novgorod" kuhlangene ne umbuzo nembali yalo ngaphambili. Umhla umzi - ngo-1221. Umsunguli wayo - Prince kaYuri Vsevolodovich. Ngenxa kwindawo emazantsi kwisixeko Novgorod Enkulu igama Nizhny Novgorod. Ekuqaleni, waba ingongoma ngamandla wawalwela Vladimir ubulawuli evela ukuhlaselwa lutshaba.

Ngowe-1341, waba ikomkhulu eli Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod ukubusa. Nizhny Novgorod kwimephu of Russia ngendlela sabheka zembali, ebonisa imida yamazwe Russian baloo maxesha, kuthatha indawo ephakathi koMlambo. Sura empumalanga, mpuma nasezantsi - p. Enxilile and p. Sergei. Kwicala lasentshonalanga eye umda yendalo Oka. Umda womntla ubulawuli baba Kerzhenets emlanjeni, kunye Vetluga Unzha. Iintsalela iinqaba, beemboniselo (wakhonza kukhuselo kwemida ubulawuli) kwaye ngoku ezikhoyo ukuba ubuyekeza abakhenkethi.

Ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu, ezweni lonke phakathi Russia, Nizhny Novgorod iye yafakwa eMoscow ukubusa. Ukubaluleka yesixeko njengomlindi kwinkampu imida mpuma ubulawuli eMoscow yayinkulu kunene. Ekulungisweni nemikhankaso Lower ngelo nexesha lokufumba-mkhosi. Ukuze komelezwe amandla ukukhusela i yesicelo somthi yakhiwa. Endaweni yawo okwamiswa ilitye, apho waba uphawu Nizhny Novgorod.

"Ixesha Iinkathazo"

Eli xesha uthathwa sisiganeko kwimbali mzi mkhulu, uze wenze utshintsho lwakho indawo wejografi Nizhny Novgorod. Xa Ixesha Iingxaki embindini salungelelaniswa Nizhny Novgorod wamajoni, saya Nizhny Novgorod Kuzma Minin kunye nguDmitry Pozharsky. athathwe ngenxa eMoscow yakhululwa abahlaseli Polish, abo babamba ikomkhulu.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17, yabalasela iyantlukwano ecaweni, kufuphi Nizhny Novgorod, ngasechwebeni omlambo, kunye nabanye kuhlala Kerzhenets babebambelele. Ngelo kummandla Nizhny Novgorod wazalelwa iinkokeli abadumileyo ibandla elo xesha - uBhishophu Nikon kunye avvakum, owazeka ekwahlulweni izikhundla ezahlukeneyo.

Ngowe-1719, ebudeni kwinguqu Peter I, Nizhny Novgorod uye wafumana iwonga isixeko yephondo.

ngekhulu XIX: uphuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho kunye norhwebo

I indawo evumayo geographical of Nizhny Novgorod yaba isizathu sokuba kwinkulungwane XIX uqala uphuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho kunye norhwebo. It linxulunyaniswa yokuba eli thuba Makarios e Nizhny Novgorod ubunzima ingeniso inkulu enobulungisa yayo dumeke. Ukususela ngoko, isixeko yaziwa ngokuba "pocket eRashiya." Emizaneni, lwembali Nizhny Novgorod, Kanavino kunye Sormovo, apho kamva yaba yinxalenye umzi, uphuhliso ebonakalayo kolu shishino iye ifunyenwe. Ngenkulungwane ye-19 (engama-60) ukuba kaloliwe yaqhutywa apha. Ngowe-1896 wabonakala imoto yokuqala.

uphuhliso esebenzayo kwezoqoqosho lwabonakala inani kwiziphelo yabemi. Inani abahlali Nizhny Novgorod linyuke kakhulu ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 (14 amawaka.) Ukuze 1913 (111 amawaka.).

kukrakra

amandla eSoviet kwiphondo uyekwe. Eli ziko dolophu similise Nizhegorodschiny. Ngowe-1932, i-Nizhny Novgorod imbeko edume umbhali-countryman M. Gorky wafumana igama lakhe. Ngelo xesha ke waqalisa umsebenzi ndingaz zakhona imoto, ngoku iinkampani inkulu esi sixeko. Kule 30 zoshishino kwinkulungwane yama-20 ekuphuhliseni ingakumbi ngokukhawuleza. Ngo 1941 (ekuqaleni IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic), Gorky yaba yeyona inkulu industrial eSoviet Union. Ekupheleni kuka-30 lonke sixeko liye landa amawaka 643. Abantu.

impi

Ngexesha lemfazwe e Gorky uvelisa umlinganiselo omkhulu iimbumbulu kunye nezixhobo emkhosini. Yayingeyiyo ndingaz iye yaba yenye amaziko inkulu kushishino yokuzikhusela.

Kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe, Gorky yaqulunqwa, industrial iziko lwezenzululwazi, kwinkcubeko kunye nezithuthi.

asezantsi namhlanje

Xa 90 yee-abemi abaninzi beso sixeko yafikelela kubantu 1.435.000. (4 th indawo Russian Federation). Ngowe-1990, sabuyiswa Nizhny Novgorod igama zembali. Oku ekuqaleni kwexesha entsha kwimbali yawo.

Namhlanje, Nizhny Novgorod liziko kakhulu kushishino, ubuchwephesha bolwazi, imfundo kunye nenzululwazi. Isixeko ezitsala abakhenkethi ezininzi ezikhumbuzo yayo yenkcubeko, eyembali bokwakha. Sisigqibo UNESCO, Nizhny Novgorod wajoyina uluhlu obekekileyo kwizixeko nekhulu kwihlabathi kunye omkhulu ixabiso kwimbali nenkcubeko.

division Administrative

Oka Nizhny Novgorod ihlukane amalungu ama-2. Ngokusemthethweni zibizwa Nagorno Zarechnoye kunye nezithili zolawulo. isakhiwo solawulo Modern e Nizhny Novgorod ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ngo-1970. Namhlanje esi sixeko yahlulwe kwizithili 8. District esezintabeni liqulethe iingingqi ezintathu: eSoviet, Nizhny Novgorod kunye Prioksky. In Zarechny ibandakanya ummandla Sormovskiy, Kanavinsky, Leninsky, Avtozavodskaya kunye eMoscow.

Nizhny Novgorod, zibe Oka, uye nezinye izihloko zemveli. It iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini, ngokutsho abemi balo - i "eliphezulu" (aka - "isixeko") kunye "bottom". Ngoko ke ngolwimi Nizhny Novgorod, wabiza zazibini elunxwemeni sixeko.

Ubume kwezi ndawo ziquka iindawo ezilishumi: Kufutshane kwilali Konstantinovo, Beshentsevo, Kuznechikha, Mordvintseva, Lyakhov, Olgino, New, Novopokrovskiy, wokuvuselela (Sloboda); zokuhlala: Ray Birch kunye yezandyondyo, "ipoma" (Uchkhoz), Green City (kwilali iholide).

Eyona projekthi inkulu kwimimandla yi Avtozavodskii kwaye incinane ubukhulu kwaye uninzi enabantu abaninzi kuyo - indawo Leninsky.

iziko

A ummeli wendlela kwisithili yeyona kummandla Nizhny Novgorod. Phantse yonke indawo zenqila iziko wembali esi sixeko. ENizhniy Novgorod sibe nebhongo ezinika yayo. Phakathi kwazo kukho abathile ukuba bafanele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

elide Kuye iziko (Nizhny Novgorod iindwendwe umema iindwendwe apha) siquka iindawo ezininzi:

• Yesicelo (imi phezu kwentaba All).
• Posad aphezulu (south kufuphi yesicelo).
• Lower Posad (imi phezu kweenxweme Oka kunye iVolga imilambo).
• Zapochaine (malunga aphezulu Posada Pochaina elunxwemeni lomlambo).
• Scallop (on Yarilin entabeni).
• New Construction (Southern Great-nenqaba).
• Sloboda: Panskaya, Annunciation, Soldier, Akulinina.

Ezithandwa kakhulu phakathi ngabakhenkethi kwindawo yokuqala, i-Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo, baxhotyiswa kunye iimboniselo ezininzi. indawo yaso iNgelosi Enkulu Cathedral, wakha phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-16. isikwere Central - macala onke. Minin and Pozharsky - ithatha Dmitrovskaya inqaba, "ekungeneni engundoqo" kwi yesicelo. iqala isitalato ezikufutshane. Pokrovskaya, yindawo ukuhamba owuthandayo iindwendwe kunye nabahlali Nizhny Novgorod ngokwabo.

Kwizitrato ephambili kummandla Nizhny Novgorod, kwingingqi Minin, Pokrovskaya, eweni Fyodorovsky kunye Upper iVolga ayimkholisi kuphela iliso, kodwa na onokumxelela okuninzi malunga ngembali mzi. Yaziwa kulo lonke Russia Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo, Chkalov ngezinyuko, Comedy Theatre, Opera kunye Theatre Ballet, Drama Theatre zizinto nje inxalenye ezinika imihla nomtsalane kubakhenkethi ezininzi.

ummandla Nizhny Novgorod - isiza siphambili kokwakhiwa kwezindlu zodidi. Kudos kummandla kunye neendleko zayo aphezulu isizathu ukuba iindleko kwezindlu apha ukuya ku-130 lamawaka. Thambisani. nganye square metre. Oku ingaphezulu amaxabiso avareji esixekweni phantse kabini. Izindlu kuyabiza kakhulu kweli ziko lembali. It ngokukodwa into kwi Upper iVolga eweni: ukusuka iifestile endlwini yakhe inikeza umbono omangalisayo iVolga. Kule ndawo kukho izakhiwo zixhotyiswe nge inkqubo yonxibelelwano ekrelekrele yolawulo, inkqubo ye-pass, nokucutshwa ividiyo, penthouses, ezinjengolawulo lwemozulu, njalo njalo.

Ezitratweni, kancinane ngakumbi ezikude ukusuka kwiziko, unako ukufumana umgangatho kodwa izindlu ezifikelelekayo ngakumbi. Ixabiso square metre nganye kwezinye kwindawo lwezindlu zoluntu - evela engange 38 000.

Sormovo

Ukwakhiwa inxalenye esezantsi komzi kwenzeka kamva. Zonke iindawo wabonakala apha kwaye yakhiwa malunga namaziko kwimizi - mveliso. Inxalenye ephantsi - ekuqaleni i "esebenza" Nizhny Novgorod. kwisithili Sormovo, edume amakhosi kwabasebenzi, kunye nabanye, mazifakwe kwi-Zarechny kwisithili solawulo, zazakhiwe nakhelwé ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwamashishini. Abahlali ngaphakathi ndawo ifumaneke zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko: ookopolotyeni izindlu egaraji, iivenkile ezivulekileyo besebe, kumachibi okudada, njalo-njalo ahlelwa kwi ..

Isizukulwana omdala, abemi yokuqala kwisithili Sormovo, ebizwa njalo-sormovchane ubomi kwasebuncinaneni bakhe, kude kuse ezimvini anikwe ukusebenza kumashishini, khumbula ukuba njalo ekuseni ndivuke iminxeba indawo mveliso, kunye namadlelo ezininzi izityalo ukuqala ukuya emsebenzini.

Kukho amaxesha xa ukunciphisa imfuneko iintshukumo labantu phakathi iingingqi, kubandakanywa phakathi kunxweme olungaphesheya yemilambo. Namhlanje le motorization jikelele ukuqinisekisa intshukumo kakuhle kwemali yabantu kwicandelo eliphezulu vice versa ezisezantsi.

kwisithili Sormovo yaba yinxalenye Nizhny Novgorod ngo-1928. Ngaphambi koko, waphatha indawo Balakhninskye, ukongeza, kangangexesha elithile wahlala ngobume kwisixeko elizimeleyo. indawo Center imikhumbi giant - le mveliso "Red Sormovo". Le nkampani inkulu eRashiya, nto leyo uvelisa ngwenya, iziphathi bulk, kwaye ngexesha lemfazwe - matanki.

In Sormovo zezi: ipaki, ithala leencwadi, i bhanyabhanya, iindawo zentengiso, ukwananisa ngezithuthi elungileyo. Uphawu le ndawo kukuba ecaleni storefronts emibalabala nezakhiwo kunye namaziko zokuthenga mihla ebumelwaneni akufutshane ezinemigangatho emibini ngomthi "enqabeni yomkhosi abasebenzi 'ngenkulungwane ye-19. Iziseko ezingundoqo ezi zakhiwo 5- kunye ezinemigangatho-9 sakhiwe phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20. Le ndawo ithuba ngokukodwa nomtsalane ukuthenga indlu, leyo yeyona afikelelekayo esixekweni.

Ngokutsho umhlaziyi, nasezitratweni Nizhny Novgorod, apho kukho indlu kunye izindlu ezininzi cheap (ukusuka 28 000 miri. Per macala onke. M), zifumaneka Sormovo. Lo st. Yemihlaba kunye Dubravnaya. Kodwa ke kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba kanye ngaphandle komzi. Indawo apha umgangatho pretty kakubi. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo into yokuba ebumelwaneni olungqonge kaloliwe. Hlala apha, kuya kufuneka qho kusasa ukuya beme kwemikrozo yeemoto phezu bewela.

indawo eMoscow

Kwi ngasentla kwisithili Sormovo, kumazantsi - kunye Kanavinskaya Borders Region eMoscow. Nizhny Novgorod uyazingca imbali yayo ezukileyo zobuqhawe. Akukho indima obuzukileyo kangako kule ndawo idlala ebomini mihla umzi.

Wangena nokwakhiwa kwilali yakhe Birch yezandyondyo side ngamandla ukusuka entshona ukuya empuma imida zesithili. Kumntla-mpuma ummandla lalo erhangqwe River iVolga. Inani abahlali apha - ngaphezulu kwe-12 amawaka abantu (ngokwe-2012) .. indawo sigcawu kweehekthare ezi-3, nengxinano yabemi :. 1 ha - malunga 46 ngabantu. Igama kwisithili evela kwindlela eMoscow, esitratweni, eyinxenye ye emendweni federal.

Le peculiarity yommandla eMoscow i xi ebalulekileyo yomsebenzi liqhawuke kwamashishini zenzululwazi mveliso avelisa izixhobo ngwenya, moya, njl njl utyala: Mechanical Engineering, Aviation ( "Ukhozi"), into ephambili umbutho Russian le yoyilo lobunjineli amandla enyukliya - OKBM .. Afrikantov kunye nabanye. Kukho ukuhlalisa abasebenzi la mashishini, kunye nabo bafuna izindlu ezifikelelekayo kwindawo ngokwanelisayo cwaka kunye nezibonelelo eziphuhlileyo.

Kuba ukuzonwabisa kummandla eMoscow kukho ipaki yolonwabo, ibala "Flight" zoo "Limpopo", enkulu kuloo mzi, ezitsala iintsapho kunye nabantwana.

Indawo yokuhlala apha imelwe ukwahluka yayo yonke, kodwa ilawulwa odumileyo Khrushchev. izindlu ezintsha ezakhiwayo engenaso esebenzayo. Iindleko izindlu kule ndawo - ukususela 38 amawaka engange.

Kummandla kuphuhliswa urhwebo, izibonelelo, ezothutho, inkcubeko kunye nemfundo.

amagama ezitalato

KWIZITRATO Nizhny Novgorod eziliqela izihloko egciniweyo memory zembali. Ngokomzekelo, igama lesitalato. Talus (current Piskunov) livela kwigama "talus" (udonga) kwaye ukhumbula iinqaba yakhiwe apha. Kakhulu, Small kanye 3rd Yamskaya Yamskaya ogama emva kokuba ilali apho abaqhubi kudala wahlala. Amagama Street Kovaliha, Kuznechikha, Ukujikelezisa, intambo, uRhwebo kunye nabanye. savela kokuqhubekileyo nabemi bazo. Xa intliziyo amagama ezitalato. Izikhulu (i-Oktobha) kunye Meshchanskaya (Brothers Matusow) teka iwonga ngamafa. Amagama Street banikwa ngokungqinelana amagama akhiwe kufutshane iitempile ayencokola: .. Alexander Neva, Protection (ezinkulu nezincinane) Tikhonovskaya, Varvarskaya Alekseevskaya, iKrismesi, etc. eSoviet iminyaka street ogama lakhe behlonipha revolution: Sverdlov Figner Volodarsky Dzerzhinsky et al.

zip

Indices of Nizhny Novgorod inokufunyanwa ngokubhekiselela email abasebenzi okanye ngokuvula i "uluhlu Uniform lwe iikhowudi yeposi isixeko" kwi-website. Apha uyakwazi ukufunda nje kuphela idatha ezitratweni zomzi. Jonga "Index Nizhny Novgorod" uya kunika ingcaciso malunga yinxalenye alubonisayo umzi. Abasebenzisi kufuneka bazi ukuba uluhlu lokuqala ibekwe indices zokuhlala intra, ngoko - ezitratweni kunye amanani namagama ezitalatweni ukucwangciswa ngokwe-alfabhethi.

Ibanga eMoscow

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba yintoni na umgama phakathi eMoscow Nizhny Novgorod. Eminye imithombo banikela iimpendulo kuzo ezihlabanayo. Ngenxa yoko, omnye elikhokelayo data eqhuba endleleni, umgama ukusuka eMoscow neLower Novgorod ngu 421 km, xa ubude indlela ngqo nga kunqanyulelwa (402 km). Ukoyisa inxalenye yendlela phakathi Lower Novgorod kunye eMoscow ngemoto iiyure 6 21 imiz. Kumazwe apho bamkela inkqubo non-metric amanyathelo (umgama ulinganiswa miles) - neekhilomitha 262. Abanye baye ingxelo yokuba eli Umgama drive yi km 419. Iindawo ezinika umdla Time - 5 h 42 imiz. ubude air lendlela km 400. Ixesha - imizuzu engama-40. Ezinye ziqikelela ukuba umendo imfutshane ukusuka ezantsi ukuya eMoscow - 413 km. Le indlela kolona isixeko Vladimir. On imoto yakhe zingaphunyezwa ngeeyure 6 imizuzu eli-15. Kodwa ukuba uVladimir esa, lo mgama uya kuba ngaphezu km 3. Kuya kuba 416 km, kwaye ixesha lokuhamba kuncitshiswa malunga nemizuzu engama-25.

Umgama ukuya eSt Petersburg

Ayibalulekanga kangako na umbuzo, yintoni na umgama ukusuka Nizhny Novgorod ukuya eSt Petersburg. Umgama ukusuka Nizhny Novgorod eSt Petersburg, njengoko baqinisekiswa abahambi ezininzi: endleleni - 1 126 km kumgca othe ngqo - 896 km. Ixesha ukoyisa lo mgama kwi kumatshini - 16 h 01 imiz. Ngokutsho inkqubo non-metric ubude womlinganiselo umendo ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya Nizhny Novgorod - 700 weekhilomitha.