Eqalile bayahlelwa "Britannica". Inqanawa "Britannica": iifoto, imilinganiselo, imbali

Ukususela isintu sizakhele isikhephe yakhe yokuqala ibe ukoyisa iilwandle kunye neelwandle, kwathabatha iinkulungwane ezininzi. Lonke eli xesha, bantu bahamba le nqanawa. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ubungakanani iinqanawa landa njengoko inani lamaxhoba ezingozini.

Zonke iirekhodi yokwaphukelwa ayaphula kwinkulungwane yama-20, xa kubonakala, sele bafunda ukwakha iinqanawa ethembekileyo womelele, cruisers kunye neenqanawa, hayi kuphela subordinated ukuba iinqanawa eNtaba ezenziwe ngomthi. Wesampula "Britannica" - enye amaxhoba le nqanawa.

Ibali imikhombe emithathu, abazalwana

Ukukhawulezisa isantya ubomi kwinkulungwane yama-20, wafuna iintshukumo ngokukhawuleza isithuba kunokuba kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Ngokukhawuleza ekuphuhliseni urhwebo phakathi kwamazwe kunye yokushiywa ngobuninzi eUnited States ukususela eYurophu nakwezinye iindawo ehlabathini kuye kwabangela isidingo ephezulu-amandla-high speed iinqanawa Intambo.

Ngowe-1902, oko laqalisa iprojekthi "Lusitania", apho America 2 ubungakanani ibonwe nesantya wenqanawa ziye zadalwa. iinqanawa Dade "Lusitania" yaye "Mauritania" wathabatha phezu zothutho Intambo, ongenise nempumelelo yonke yomrhwebi fleet yaseBritani emngciphekweni.

Kwimpendulo mngeni kwi-US kwi shipyards 'Harland na Wolff' e Belfast, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe airliner 3, ancamisayo amandla ayo kunye nokuthembeka US. Umthengi ibe ngomnye wabalawuli "White Star Line" inkampani yokuthumela.

Ngoko ke ngo-1907 yaqala le projekthi ye-British Admiralty, ukuze ukukhanya wabona ukuvela iinqanawa-abazalwana abathathu - "Olimpiki", "Titanic" yaye "Britannica". Zamob nabathe udidi iinqanawa, ngaloo ndlela itshintsha, babe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kunokuba ekhoyo ngexesha Zempi imfazwe, ngenxa nezixhobo ngeteknoloji entsha.

Iimpawu "Britannica"

Yintoni umdla ngokunxulumene ngeenqanawa ezintathu zohlobo olufanayo amawele inkampani waseBritani, kukuba nqanawa ezilandelelanayo ngamnye yakhiwa phezu iimpazamo ezidlulileyo, kodwa isiphelo kakuhle wayeselapho isitya yokuqala - "Olimpiki". Ngokungafaniyo "abaninawa" babo, izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-500 wawuwela Atlantic, lo gama i "Titanic" ukubaleka 1 kuphela, lo gama i "Britannica" - 5.

Emva kokufa "Titanic" abaziinkunkqele kwazithathela ingqalelo zonke iintsilelo ezakhokelela ukuwa yale nqanawa, xa kwakusakhiwa "Britannica". Inqanawa kuthiwa efana kakhulu "abazalwana" bakhe, kodwa kwaba unamandla ngakumbi, igqibeleleyo. Yena tsho izikhephe, neendonga phakathi bulkheads kwafuneka othintela ukuphuphuma wenqanawa xa kuthe ingozi. Oku kwaba luncedo kakhulu le "Britannica". Inqanawa 17 sele manzi izahlulelo, iyenza yayingenakuzika 6 oluvulelekileyo xa ugcwalisa lamagumbi amanzi.

Kwathiwa modified iimpawu kumgangatho iphenyane. Ukuguqulwa davits kwaye ukuzifaka kungekuphela emacaleni, kodwa kwi wayesemva, kuvumela abakhweli ukuba kuphunywe nanini na nqanawa ebhankini.

ukucaciswa ngesitya;

• ubude igobhogobho - 269 m;
• ububanzi - ngaphezulu kwe-28 m;
• ukuphakama ukusuka kwamanzi ukuya kumgangatho isikhephe 18.4 m;
• kuba ukusebenza injini 29 boilers umphunga esetyenziselwa iinjini umphunga-cylinder ezine amabini, ezinxulumene izikrufu langaphandle (16 000 hp ..);
• amandla iyonke injini-50 000 l. p.;
• Isantya isitsha ukuya amaqhina-25.

NgoFebruwari 1914, oko yaphehlelelwa kwi "Britannic". Inqanawa, ifoto apho waye amaphepha onke amazwe ubethwe ngu ubukhulu kunye nobuhle.

Ivula

Usuku kaFebruwari 26, 1914 yaba yomlambo, "Harland and Wolff" (Belfast) kubasebenzi zokwakha nokulungisa iinqanawa. ukwehla beenqanawa kwenzeka ngaphandle ikhefu Njengesiqhelo ibhotile champagne ebhodini, ekubeni isiko elinjalo kungekho eyadini.

Kuba ngelo xesha ubungakanani "Britannica" kunye nezixhobo zalo, akukho alinganayo - oku ukwamkela abakhweli 790 1 iklasi, okwesibini - 835, lesithathu - 950 amalungu yabasebenzi nayo babebaninzi - Abantu 950.

zaye zonke izicwangciso ezinxulumene kwi abanini nkampani kunye nohambo Intambo, badlula ngo-Agasti 1914. Ukuqhambuka leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi ulungiselele "Britannica" bayahlelwa esibhedlele ezidadayo. On ibhodi zazibekwa amalungu 437 abasebenzi bezempilo, nabantu 675 ukusuka abasebenza enqanaweni kunye 3.300 izigulane owenzakeleyo.

Perestroika "Britannica" esibhedlele

Ukuze yokukhuphela airliner esemotweni udidi esibhedlele, kwathatha ezimbalwa ukutshintsha inkangeleko kunye ngaphakathi 'Britannica ". Le umkhombe "zinokuhonjiswa" a umvumbo eluhlaza iminqamlezo ezintandathu red - iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ebonisa ukuba Hospital uxolo, sitya yasemkhosini.

iinguqulelo lwangaphakathi zazibalulekile ngakumbi. Apholile baguquka ibe zemiboniso yokusebenza, iiwadi ababuleweyo ngeliso kunye dormitory kubasebenzi. Kwi le nqanawa bamba 2034 1035 ezilula kunye yokusonga iibhedi. ukuma Promenade aguqulwa kwiSebe ukuze amajoni kunye iingozi ezincinane.

Injengele isitya intsha uCharles A. Bartlett.

uhambo lokuqala "Britannica"

Imbali "Britannica" Hospital Naval waqala 23.12.1915 ngonyaka xa waphuma Liverpool, ukulungele ukuba bakhuphe amajoni kwabangxwelerhiweyo, waqonda ukuba Naples kunye nothotho yesiGrike Moudros kwisiqithi Lemnos.

Kunye nezinye ethwala ezimbini refitted - "Aquitaine" yaye "Mauritania", yena bendihamba ngayo le iDardanelles.

Captain "Britannica" yaqaliswa kubekho ulawulo engqongqo bangazivayo kuphela kubasebenzi, kodwa izigulana:

• 6.00 + vuka ekucoceni kulala;
• sasekuseni 7:30, kulandele zokucoca zokudlela;
• Uhambo Yomphathi kwi 11,00;
• kwasemini 12:30 kunye ukucocwa kwe kwigumbi lokutyela;
• tea 16,30;
• Wayesitya 20.30;
• indiva umthetheli ngo 21:00.

uqeqesho olungqongqo kwabanceda ukuba ukugcina kwisibhedlele ukuze. Kwakufuneka ukuya Naples kufuneka ukuba imane i inqanawa ngoDisemba 28, 1915 waza wenza i "Britannic". Inqanawa, nto leyo ifoto kwi ebe entsha ngayo wawubonakala ukuya esibhakabhakeni kwiMeditera, amalahle ukufikelela kunye namanzi, waya Moudros, apho elindeleke ngababuleweyo.

Ilayisha yathatha iintsuku ezi-4 kwaye 9.1.1916, inqanawa igqampe izigulane e Southampton. Ukwenza 2 ngaphezulu "Izakhiwo" amajoni ababuleweyo, "Britannic" wabuyela fleet yorhwebo ngenxa senze kwiMeditera.

Ukubuya i "Britannica" ukulwa

NgoSeptemba 1916, iMeditera kwakhona zenyuse imisebenzi zomkhosi ukuba kufuneka ubukho wenqanawa enkulu zothunyelo walimala edabini.

German U-izikhephe kanobom kuloo manzi, ukuze atshabalalise utshaba inxeba okulalwa ndakukhupha imigodi idada kwinxalenye emxinwa uLwandle lweMeditera. On the iindlela kwi siseko yombutho iinqanawa Lemnos encedisayo ngokufuthi kweyela le migibe.

November 21, 1916 kwi ndixinekile phakathi iziqithi Kea kunye Kythnos lungqubene "Britannica", xa wabalekela kwenye lomgodi kwamanzi. I-dubulo yenzeke ngamaxesha 8, imizuzu-7, kusasa, xa inxalenye izigulane kunye nabasebenzi besebusweni kwigumbi lokutyela ngexesha lesidlo sakusasa.

ngomzuzu wokugqibela "Britannica"

Ingqwayi-ngqwayi yenqanawa ahlolwa imeko waza wagqiba ukuba wayeza kuba nako ukuzisa inqanawa ukuya elunxwemeni ezikufuphi kwaye simelwe. Esi kushenxa liqinise kuphela sokwemba inqanawa, ekubeni iindonga ulwahlulo phakathi lamagumbi ukuvuleka.

AmaNgqina yinqanawa akwazi ukuchaza indlela ukumka "Britannic". eziqhumayo ezimbini - kuqala kwicala lasekunene, yaye emva kwemizuzu embalwa yesibini ukusuka ekhohlo, umkhombe beyingqube ngesithende. Amanzi ngokukhawuleza waqalisa ukugcwalisa ubamba kunye ezingontsini, ebezivulwe ukuba pholisa le Nemingxuma kwizakhiwo.

Zishiye lwaqhutywa kwi amaphenyane ngendlela enocwangco, njengoko konke khumbula, oko wenza ukugxotha babekhwele "Titanic." Wokuba ezimbini zokuqala bewuhlisele emanzini, ukuba babuyele kulo umyalelo iqabane, bezisesigangeni eGibheyon apho ebantwini ukuba avuke phantsi kwamanzi, kodwa uyasebenza "Britannica" ngezikhonkwane.

Emva kwemizuzu 55, impumlo i sikhephe wabetha emazantsi, kwaye betha emkhombeni wathuthumela kunye nengozi. Ngenxa ingqeqesho kunye nenkokheli ecacileyo umthetheli kunye nabancedisi bakhe abaphulaphuli kwibhodi ngo1066 abakhweli wababulala abantu-30.

Cousteau uhambo

Ukufa "Britannica" liye unokuvelisa ezininzi namarhe izityholo. Abanye bathi uRhulumente British ngokwayo waphuphuma isitya, ezinye otyholwayo torpedoes ephuma inkwili isiJamani kwi esibhedlele bengaxhobanga.

Wadalwa ukuze umkhweli nqanawa Intambo, "Britannic" akazange enze naliphi na intshukumo enqumla Atlantic, ningashukunyiswa umkhweli enye. Wehla embalini njengoko inqanawa inkulu ukuthatha inxaxheba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi.

Ukuze kujongwane yokuba lagxila emkhombeni, weza "Icalypso" kuLwandle iAegean enqanaweni ngowe-1975, iqela ekhokelwa yi-edumileyo Jacques-Iva Kusto. Ngokususela kwidatha enikwe ngeetshathi Admiralty yaseBritani, iqela akayifumana inqanawa waza waqalisa ukufuna usebenzisa radar. Emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukucinga ukuba crew "Icalypso" ufumene indawo lokufa le nqanawa phantsi ngokupheleleyo ezinye uququzelelo.

Injongo Cousteau umkhankaso yayikukuqinisekisa oonobangela sokonakala kunye nenkcazelo yendlela antywiliselwa "Britannic". Emazantsi abaphengululi bafumana igobhogobho phantse inqanawa leyo, ubonakala ngokucacileyo ikhefu enye kuphela ukubetha kwempumlo phezu emazantsi. izifundo kakhulu zange kuqhutywa ngenxa iintsimbi eliqingqiweyo ixesha. Yaba kanye-over, apho kwiphepha phambi kwazo zonke amaphephandaba wayelele khona ngecala lasekunene, "Britannic". Photo kwi emazantsi kwakhona yabangela intlebendwane yabaninzi, unikwe ukuba inqanawa abonisa phezulu phantse 7 iimayile ezisetyenziswa elwandle kude ukusuka kwindawo ebonisa ikhadi.

Ukufunyanwa kwe inyaniso

Ngowe-2003, i uhambo ngezifo bagqiba ukuvavanya amazwi uRhulumente yaseJamani ukuba i "Britannic" wabetheka zam. Bafumana ke intsimi am, nkqu Amanxiwa projectile, leyo kwawasingela phantsi isitya. Bahlala phezu umxokelelwane, ibethelelwe ezantsi.

Isixhobo diving mihla makavunyelwe aphakame ngaphakathi emkhombeni kwaye ujonge ukuba yintoni ngokwenene xa nomzuzu dubulo zonke bulkheads manzi zavuleka, ebonisa ukuba ukungakhathali umntu.