Mari Republic: inkcazo, isixeko, indawo, kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Mari Republic (Mari El) - elinye Russian Federation, okuye imeko yabo. Le ukuyilwa, ibekwe isahlulo yaseYurophu eRashiya, banamalungelo lokuzimela ukususela kumaxesha Soviet. Lo mmandla ihlukile kakhulu kwaye enomdla uphando kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe wazi ukuba yintoni eyenza i Mari Republic kunye nabantu bayo.

nendawo

The Republic of Mari El ise ngasempuma inxalenye yaseYurophu ye-Russian Federation. Emantla nentshona mxholo umanyano kumda kummandla Nizhny Novgorod emantla nasempuma - kunye kummandla laseKirov, emzantsi-mpuma - kunye Republic of Tatarstan, nakwelasezantsi - Chuvashia.

Mari Republic ibekwe kwindawo epholileyo zemozulu uhlobo ziingcathu imozulu lizwekazi.

Le ndawo yalo isihloko Federation yi 23.4 eziliwaka macala onke. M. km, nto leyo index 72-m phakathi yonke imimandla yelo lizwe.

Ikomkhulu Mari Republic - Yoshkar-Ola

Background Brief Historical

Ngoku kancinane sijonge imbali weRiphabliki Mari El.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, lo mmandla kwakuhlala izizwe Finno-Ugric, owathi, enyanisweni, zezona uhlanga titular weRiphablikhi. Encwadini yeembali amandulo yayibizwa Cheremisses, nangona ngokwabo ngokuba Mari.

Emva kokuba ukuyilwa izizwe Golden mkhosi Mari waya nokubunjwa kwayo, yaye emva ekuweni urhulumente kwicala nemingenela ngentsimbi ye ye Kazan Khanate. Ngenxa ngokudibana Kazan Ivanom Groznym ngo-1552 ilizwe laba yinxalenye yobukumkani Russian Mari. Nangona iintlanga Western Cheremisses wathabatha nobumi Russian zivalwa, baza babhaptizwa. Emva koko, ibali Mari kuhlangene ne okumiselwe Russia.

Kodwa ezinye izizwe Mari wayengafuni njalo nje ukuthatha ubumi Russian. Ngoko ke, ixesha ukususela 1552 nge-1585 yabalasela inani yeemfazwe Cheremis ogama Injongo yanyanzeleka izizwe Mari ukuba ubumi Russian. Ekugqibeleni Mari woyiswa, kwaye amalungelo abo bambalwa kakhulu. Kodwa kwiminyaka kamva, baye ubesoloko ethatha inxaxcheba ephambili imvukelo ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, Pugachev imvukelo ngo-1775.

Ngelo xesha, Mari waqalisa ukuba amkele inkcubeko Russian. Baye basungula njengokubhala kwalo esekelwe oonobumba Cyrillic, kwaye emva kokuba ukuvulwa Kazan secawa, ezinye abameli abantu bakwazi ukufumana imfundo esemgangathweni.

Emva kokuba iiBolsheviks beza amandla Mari Ukuzilawula Oblast yadalwa 1920. Ngowe-1936, i-Mari Ukuzilawula Republic lenziwa ngomhla ineziseko zayo (MASSR). Xa ekugugeni yiSoviet Union, ngowe-1990, oko uhlelwe i Mari Republic.

Emva kokuwa eSoviet Union kunye nokusekwa kwe-Russian Federation, esinye sezifundo yombuso yaba Mari Republic, okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba ngenye indlela, kwiRiphabliki Mari El. UMgaqo-siseko umisela ukuba imfundo karhulumente ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kwezi zinto.

labemi beli lizwe

Inani labantu Mari Republic okwangoku limi kwi amawaka 685,9. Abantu. Kuyinto nje kungenxa 66-th phakathi zonke izifundo Russian neemanyano.

Ubuninzi babantu kweli lizwe abantu 29.3 / macala onke. M. km. Thelekisa: ngendlela efanayo isalathiso kummandla Nizhegorodskaya ungabantu 42.6 / macala M.. km, Chuvashia -. abantu 67,4 / macala km. km, kwaye kummandla laseKirov -. abemi 10.8 / macala km. km.

Nangona isibakala sokuba abantu bomthonyama kwaye usemthethweni Mari El zezi Mari, kwi ngephanyazo - hayi iqela ezona zininzi uhlanga kweli lizwe. Kakhulu phakathi kwabantu kulo mmandla Russian ngayo. Bona i-45.1% yabemi bebonke le Federation. Mari yi 41,8% kuphela ezi kweli lizwe. Ubalo wokugqibela, apho Mari ngamanani namandla phezu Russian, yenziwa ngo-1939.

Phakathi kwezinye iintlanga kuba AmaTatar kakhulu ezininzi. Inani labo ifikelela kwi 5.5% yenani lilonke abahlali Mari-El. Ukongeza, kweli lizwe aphile Chuvash, Ukrainian, Udmurt, Belarusian, Mordvins, Armenia, Azerbaijani, kunye amaJamani, kodwa inani labo mncinci kakhulu ngaphezu koko kwezi zizwe ngasentla.

Distribution iinkonzo

In Mari El esizigubungeleyo iqela elikhulu zeenkolo ezahlukeneyo. Kulo mzekelo, 48% abazibiza ngokuba bangamaKristu, 6% ngamaSilamsi ne-6% - abaxhasi yamandulo unqulo lobuhedeni aseMari. Noko ke, malunga ne-6% oluntu - ukhona.

Ukongeza kule amahlelo ngasentla, le ngingqi uluntu yamaKatolika kwakunye noluntu amahlelo ezahlukeneyo bamaProtestanti.

division zokuphatha

The Republic of Mari El, iqulathe izithili elinesine izixeko ezithathu ngaphantsi lwengingqi (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk kunye Kozmodemyansk).

Le ndawo enabantu Republic of Mari: Medvedevsky (67.1 amawaka INH ..), Venigovsky (42.5 amawaka INH ..), eSoviet (29.6 amawaka INH ..), Morkinsky (29.0 amawaka INH ..). Indawo, kunazo Kilemarsky District (amawaka 3.3 macala onke. Km.).

Yoshkar-Ola - ikomkhulu Mari-El

Ikomkhulu Mari Republic ngumzi Yoshkar-Ola. Sikhoyo malunga embindini mmandla. Okwangoku, kukho malunga 265,0 amawaka. Abahlali noxinano bakhona abantu 2640,1 / macala onke. M. km.

Phakathi beentlanga esilawulwa Russian, kunye kubi ngakumbi kwi jikelele kweli lizwe. Inani labo 68% yabemi bebonke. Yolwandle zilandelayo nabo babe ubunzulu ethile ka-24%, kwaye Tatar - 4.3%.

Esi sixeko yasekwa ngowe-1584 njengoko inqaba Russian yasemkhosini. Ekubeni yaqala kwaye kude 1919 kwathiwa Tsarevokokshaisk. Ngowe-1919, emva kokuba umgca wesikhokeli, ogama Krasnokokshaysk. Ngowe-1927 kwagqitywa kwelokuba kwakhona ukuba Yoshkar-Ola, nto leyo Liguqulwe lithatyathwa eMari njengokuba 'isixeko ebomvu ".

Okwangoku, Yoshkar-Ola - a amaziko amakhulu yommandla kunye nezibonelelo iphuhlisiwe, kushishino kunye nenkcubeko.

Okunye republic emzini

Ezinye isixeko saseMari Republic ngaphantsi kakhulu kwe Yoshkar-Ola. I inkulu kubo Volzhsk inabemi 54,6 amawaka. Abantu, eseyiphantse ezintlanu izihlandlo ngaphantsi kwe kwikomkhulu.

Amanye imizi kule ngingqi liyi abantu abambalwa. Ngoko ke, ngo Kozmodemyansk live 20.5 amawaka abantu Medvedevo - .. 18.1 amawaka abantu, Zvenigovo - .. 11.5 amawaka abantu, kwidolophana yiSoviet - .. 10.4 amawaka abantu ..

Zokuhlala eziseleyo kwiriphabliki abe abemi ngaphantsi kwe 10,000.

republic infrastructure

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iingingqi kwezibonelelo Russian Mari Republic, ngaphandle isixeko Yoshkar-Ola, akanako ngokuba-ephuhliswe kakuhle.

Kweli lizwe kukho moya mnye kuphela ibekwe imali yayo. Ukongeza, le ngingqi kwizitishi ibhasi 2 51 ibhasi. izithuthi kaloliwe imelwe kwizikhululo elinesine.

House of Mari Republic idla ezazakhiwe kweenkuni. Le nto iye yasetyenziswa kangangamakhulu eminyaka njengoko ngumnqweno kwezi ndawo. Benefit kummandla iinkuni ningaswele. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, izakhiwo ngakumbi nangakumbi eziphakamileyo nakhelwe kunye nezindlu zezixhobo zokwakha zale mihla.

Ukususela ekuqaleni kwewaka kwi elikomkhulu Yoshkar-Ola wenza umsebenzi wokwakha omkhulu ukubuyisela zesikhumbuzo zenkcubeko bobugcisa umzi.

uqoqosho zeRiphabliki

Phakathi kwiindawo zamashishini zenkcenkce eziphambili kunye nobunjineli ngoomatshini. Kukho kwakhona iinkampani ezisebenza zehlathi, elukiweyo kunye nokutya mveliso. Phantse yonke imveliso buzinze kwisixeko Yoshkar-Ola Volzhsk.

Kwezolimo, kokukhona kusenokwenzeka uphuhliso nemfuyo, iinkomo ikakhulu kunye neehagu. Crop kakhulu ekukhuliseni izityalo zilandelayo: okuziinkozo, neflakisi, izityalo ezidla, iitapile kunye neminye imifuno.

ukhenketho

Huge ezinokuba izinto zokuzonwabisa idume Mari Republic. NoLonwabo mmandla, kakade, ezahlukeneyo ukusuka iiholide engaselwandle njengesiqhelo, kodwa unako ukuzisa kungekho ngaphantsi, mhlawumbi mnandi ngakumbi. umoya ococekileyo, nto leyo Igcwele iikona eziKhuselweyo kule ngingqi akakwazi indawo nto.

Okubalulekileyo kakhulu eli chibi kwi Mari Republic. Le ngingqi inani elikhulu kubo, kwaye bona umdla omkhulu kubakhenkethi. Kulikovo ichibi wabalasela kufuphi nesixeko Volzhsk.

Kwabo abahambi abakhetha ukuhlala obulugelelanisiweyo, kuvula iingcango zazo zivulela kumaziko zolonwabo, iinkampu abantwana kunye sanatoriums Mari Republic.

anika umdla

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba, nangona uhlanga titular aseMari El zezi Mari, uninzi lwabahlali le ngingqi - ethnic Russian.

Phambi ngendalo 1920 of the Mari Ukuzilawula Region e Mari akazange aphile yakhe, yaye umda langoku Republic of Mari El yahlulwe phakathi amaphondo eziliqela.

Ngaphandle Mari Republic likhaya elandayo inani Mari, kunokuba ngaphakathi kuyo.

iimpawu Jikelele Mari Republic

Nangona Mari Republic kwaye alikwazi endingafanele kubizwa ngokuba ummandla phambili woshishino iRussia, i-kwiNgingqi unalo ithuba elikhulu. main ngobutyebi - abantu nzima-besebenza. Uninzi abemi bommandla - yobuhlanga Russian kunye Mari. Region wayengazenzi abantu yaye isixeko omnye kuphela, leyo kuthiwa kwemiqathango mkhulu - ikomkhulu Yoshkar-Ola.

Ukongezelela ubuchule bomntu, Mari Republic yaziwa kulo lonke eRashiya nezinye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zolonwabo. iiholide ezisempilweni kule ngingqi iyakwazi aphilise inani elikhulu izifo.