Inethiwekhi obushushu: ulwakhiwo, ukulungiswa kunye nokusebenza imithetho

Ukusasazwa nokuthuthwa njengesipholisi phakathi kwabasebenzisi lwenzeka yi uthungelwano ekhethekileyo thermal. Le yenye yezinto eziphambili lobume yonke eziluncedo. On esebenza ngayo, ixhomekeke ngqo kwi ukuthembeka kunye transmission esemgangathweni. Imibhobho lothungelwano ubushushu - asingabo iziqalelo kuphela eso sakhiwo. Ngaphandle kwezi, oko iquka iintlobo zezibonelelo. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, iquka izikhululo umcephe kunye nempompo, amanqaku ubushushu.

isakhiwo

inethiwekhi ukufudumeza ngokusekelwe scheme unikezelo ndawonye, isakhiwo sayo yahlulwe yaba amazinga ezimbini: engundoqo kunye ikota (zesithili). Eyokuqala ibandakanya kokuxhuma imithombo ubushushu bendawo (rayon) nemihlathi nokuthunyelwa ukuphelisa abasebenzisi. Kwiimeko ezininzi kokuba looped zokutyubhisha (ubukhulu 500-1400 mm) kunye nezakhiwo zobunjineli. Ezi izinto zibekwe kuwo umzi esibonelela ukuthembeka ugqithiso kunye nokukwazi ukumelana nemfuno ukusetyenziswa. Ngenxa okuhlamba lula kakhulu intsebenziswano lothungelwano ubushushu. Umzekelo, ukwenza uhlobo; lweschemes ezahlukeneyo ulawulo ezandisa ukuthembeka kunye nokunyusa umgangatho supply yokusebenza. Uyilo kunye nokufakelwa ubonelelo ubushushu uthungelwano lweentlobo eziphambili zenziwe kuthathelwa ingqalelo ukungasebenzi kakuhle elementi Subsea kunokwenzeka. Kule nkalo, usibonisa izitropu. Bona uqhagamshele imithombo supply ubushushu. Ngale ndlela kwenza yolawulo emanyeneyo. Oku uyakwazi ukunika kakuhle ukusebenza lowu imithetho thermal kunye hydraulic. Xa lo msebenzi lwenziwa phantsi imeko ukungaphumeleli enye sezulu (Ukubonelela umthombo, a amasebe line). distribution njengesipholisi phantsi kwezi meko ukwenzeka ngobuchule, kunciphise transmission kukulahlekelwa yoko, uqoqosho amafutha uyabonakala.

ulawulo

Terms nothungelwano thermal ziquka ubukho izinto ezithile, nge apho isakhiwo yolawulo. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, ziquka iindlela lwekeyboard - esangweni. Ngoncedo lwabo uthungelwano ubushushu ngokubanzi yahlulwe yangamacandelo ezahlukeneyo. Iziphumo ivelufa ivumela ziquka ziqwempu (khubaza) umgca encinane wacwangcisa phezu kwisikhululo sokumpompa amanzi kunye nobunzima. Uninzi izixhobo zale mihla zinama electric drive. Bona ibekwe avareji yonke 1-3 km Highway. ulawulo womnatha jikelele luquka ulawulo yolawulo kunye nemeko isakhiwo, ukuvimbela ezizuzwa kunokwenzeka. Ukukhusela nxamnye hammering amanzi xa amanqaku basekuhlaleni icala ukuseta ifowuni okhethekileyo.

network ukufudumeza District. iimpawu

Ezi zithinteli branched inkqubo eyimfama. Bona eqhagamshelwe unit ubushushu. Ilawulwa kokubini manual kunye kwimo elizimeleyo. Loo Isakhiwo ububanzi of 400 mm, ngoko aphazamiseka kubonelelo yabathengi kunye namandla thermal ngenxa yokusilela uthungelwano hlobo uthathwa eyamkelekileyo. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba isixhobo yonikezelo yesiphaluka jikelele xa ukusilela oko ubunzima kuphela inxalenye encinane lokuphela-abasebenzisi. Ukulungiswa zokufudumeza uthungelwano kule etyaleni akalulandeli kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Iingongoma apho ophethe engena inkqubo ezenzekelayo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba imali kwi nenkcitho amandla thermal.

Udibaniso ku-mbane

Ukuhlobanisa neminatha uzinike inkqubo iyonke lwenzeka nge iimpompo okanye ngabenzi (ukuxuba-setyhula), ubuncinane nge izifudumezi-manzi. Isicelo yokugqibela yenza inkqubo bhetyebhetye ngakumbi kwaye athembekile. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuzahlula iindlela komboko kunye nokusasazwa iinkqubo hydraulic. Umdlali ophethe ngokungenisa uthungelwano eqhelekileyo ukusuka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo kunokuba amaqondo ezahlukeneyo okugqithe koko sele ezisendleleni. inkqubo yonikezelo anikezwe iimpompo, ikheswa hydraulic ngaphandle imigca kwizikim ukusasazwa. Ngenxa yoko, nzima ukulawula imo alarm zabo. Kulo mzekelo, kuba nokwenzeka ukugcina impompo elizimeleyo nge Isixokelelwano sokusasazwa iimeko setyhula kunye nobushushu nezahlukileyo kuntlahlahlungulu.

Yahlula-level Ngenxa yenkqubo

Scheme enkulu isakhiwo womnatha thermal unohlobo level-mbini. Phezulu imelwe umendo ngomsesane. Suka selithe ukuya ubushushu wesithili. Indlela wokujoyina wasebenzisa zesiqhelo. Kwimeko yokuba isabelo umgca ukusilela apho isifudumezi iqhotyoshelwe apha, abasebenzisi isiphelo yakutya lwamandla thermal. Kufuphi abasebenzisi K indawo enxulumene nge iinkqubo zasekuhlaleni - inqanaba elisezantsi.

supply emiswa

Esiyintsika eendaba ukuba ukungena mn kunye kwibhoyila yesithili. Kule meko ke nokuphunyezwa kunokwenzeka lokubonelela inkqubo elilalela in kwimeko breakage enye yeengongoma le zokufudumeza esiphakathi. Oku kwenziwa ngokumisela web osuka kwi kwemali kunye ukubuya. Zizo zonke ezi zinto ukhandwa uthungelwano elinye zokufudumeza thunzi. Ubukhulu bepali eqikelelwayo ye elements conductive kwezixhobo ibalwa ngendlela eqinisekisa eendaba efunekayo bandwidth, nokuba kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Xa ikhanya njengesipholisi ozinzileyo imenza lonke uthungelwano zokufudumeza ezisendleleni. Kulo mzekelo, ukusetyenziswa Oxhumayo ulahlekelwa intsingiselo yalo. Ukuze ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule iibrorho yokunciphisa iindleko njengesipholisi ubushushu usebenzisa indlela 'ithule ". Kulo mzekelo, kukho ukufana ngokupheleleyo Jumpers. Wajika webs ikhutshwa phandle kuphela xa izinto network ye breakage thermal.

imibhobho ubushushu networks

Xa ezi zinto zenziwa intshukumo carrier, nto leyo yenza njengoko amanzi. Imibhobho Ubushushu zifakwa olungaphezu komhlaba. Kwimeko yokuqala, lo gasket unenani yeenzuzo: ubomi inkonzo okwandileyo, kulula ukulawula inkqubo iwonga, lula ukufikelela imibuzo. Noko ke, ukufakwa umqhubi ubushushu bayisile ngasentla kwiimeko ezixeko mihla phantse akunakwenzeka ngenxa ukulinganiselwa bokwakha. Phantsi kwezi meko, inkoliso iinkqubo - phantsi komhlaba. Ukufaka imibhobho enjalo incothulwe imijelo ezizodwa.

ukusebenzisa inkqubo

iimvavanyo thermal kothungelwano thermal ziqhutywa phambi kokuqala komsebenzi. izinto afakiweyo ezaliswe ngamanzi ashushu kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo. Cerebrospinal ke iyakhutshwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiminyaka elishumi yobomi bayo. Ngenxa umbhobho eludongeni iimpembelelo lwangaphakathi utshintshe, imveliso le meko kukuba ukufaka imibhobho compensators. Ezimbini ekupheleni isabelo fixedly elihambisana exhasa. Cwangcisa phakathi kwe compensator. Imibhobho eyongezelelweyo fixedly lukhuselekile ngeenxa kubananisi ubushushu, iimpompo. Yenziwe zokususa umthwalo enikwa lobushushu deformation. Lisekela babekwa emagumbini ezizodwa okanye channels. Le conduit yobisi wayibeka phezu ngenkxaso eshukumayo. Ukuze esweni rhoqo imeko iinkqubo lisakheka indawana ekhethekile komhlaba. Bona ibekwe izivalo ezahlukeneyo, izivingco idreyini, iivelufa umoya kunye namalungu ukwanda. Kwezinye iimeko (umzekelo, xa sangqa yonikezelo lwamanzi ezingaphezu kwe-500 mm) ukwenzela uvavanyo kothungelwano thermal kunye nenkonzo ukhululeke ngakumbi phezu iikhamera emhlabeni wakha zombukiso. amaziko yokuhlala izitishi zokumpompa lwenzeka kwizakhiwo ngokukodwa izixhobo.

Choice of network kangangoko ubushushu

Okwangoku, kukho inani elikhulu awasetyenziswa lweenkqubo zokufudumeza kunye neendlela yokufaka. Ngoko ke, xa kwibakala kuyilo le nto ucinga iinketho eziliqela. Ukuthelekisa zonke iimeko kunokwenzeka, ukuvelisa izibalo zobugcisa kunye nezoqoqosho, khetha i ubuncinane ukhetho senani iimpawu kakhulu. Ngokutsho ezi zibalo oko kuxhomekeka ubukhulu be leziqalelo ezisetyenziswayo, izixhobo ubushushu kunye ubukhulu labo, iimpompo amandla efakiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, ingxelo iindleko lwenziwa ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kunye nokugcinwa umqhubi ubushushu phezu ilahleko nobushushu obuninzi ukudluliselwa ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kubathengi.

inkqubo yonikezelo ubushushu Russian

Uninzi baxhaphaza ngalo mzuzu lokushushubeza uthungelwano baseRashiya zakhiwa eSoviet Union, ilandelwe yi-ukuwa yezezimali kwi kudluliswa nokuhlaziya imibhobho ubushushu ekhoyo liye lehla kakhulu. Sikhululwe thina ukuba zenziwe iitsheki lwesiqhelo iinkqubo kunye nokutshintshwa rhoqo, ulawulo karhulumente sele sibe buthathaka. Imeko jikelele kunye nothungelwano ubushushu kweli lizwe saqala ukwehla ngokukhawuleza. Xa iimeko imali eninzi waqala nokwehla iimfuno umgangatho ukuba leziqalelo ezisetyenziswayo kudluliswa kwezixhobo ezikhoyo. Savings kwabangela ukwehla kwexabiso yemisebenzi, nokwadala ngeziphumo umgangatho wabo. Yakhelwe kule minyaka le nkqubo yaba lokudla kwanala zifuna kuphindwa replacement kwisithuba seminyaka 5-7. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela ekwandeni elibukhali kwenani iingxaki kwakhokelela ekwandeni komthamo we iinkonzo ezingxamisekileyo. ilahleko Tshisa ekudluliseni medium alinganiswa ngaphakathi 20-50% yemveliso efumaneka lilonke kwixesha zokufudumeza ne-30 ukuya kuma-70% - ehlotyeni. La manani ngaphezulu yi izihlandlo eziliqela imithetho eyamkelwe kumazwe aphuhlileyo lase Europe.