Olonets kwiphondo: imbali kwiphondo Olonets

iphondo Olonets wayengomnye kwinxalenye esemantla yoBukhosi baseRashiya. Oku kubalaseliswe ummiselo lwerhuluneli eyahlukileyo uCatherine Omkhulu ngo-1784. Ngaphandle kokuba kwiphondo ikhefu elifutshane ngayo yayikhona kuze 1922.

indawo

iphondo Olonets ibekwe ngaphakathi izidanga 60-68 inkululeko langasentla, izidanga 45-59 wobude ngasempumalanga.

KwiPhondo erhangqwe la mazwe alandelayo:

• Novgorod ne St Petersburg kwiphondo ngakuLwandle Ladoga (south);
• kwiphondo Arkhangelsk (ngasentla);
• White Sea, Vologda kwiphondo (empuma);
• Finland (entshonalanga).

Ubude kumacala omabini weekhilomitha 700, kwaye ummandla opheleleyo - nje phezu 116 kweekhilomitha isikwere, nto leyo 130 ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

indaba

Future Olonets iphondo yinxalenye kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, edume leyo yaba Novgorod Omkhulu. Ngowe-1649 wadalwa yesithili Olonets. Waba yinxalenye Ingermanladskoy, St. Petersburg, amaphondo Novgorod.

kwiphondo Imbali Olonets iqala ngo 1773, xa uCatherine Omkhulu wasungula kwiphondo Olonets ngasentla. Kamva saba mmandla, yaye ukususela 1784 - uMlawuli-Jikelele. Ukususela 1796 ukuya 1801 lwerhuluneli kwayekwa.

Unyaka yendalo Olonets kwiphondo ithathwa ngokuba 1801 th-. Imithetho ngeli xesha Alexander II, naye yavuma Umfuziselo phondo.

Nokufika kwamandla eSoviet kwiphondo yafakwa kwi-Union of Communes ye kwiNgingqi Northern, yaye kamva - kwi Karelian Labour Thethani. Ngowe-1920, osanda kwakhiwa kwiphondo, ngenxa yokuba kukho kwakuhlala abantu Russian kunye Veps. Kodwa amehlo akhe ivaliwe phezu ukufana yesizwe Karelian Labour Thethani, ngowe-1922 wagqiba ekubeni yokuphelisa kwiphondo Olenetskuyu kwaye ulahlule counties ezahlukeneyo kunye namaphondo, kuquka Karelia.

Abalawuli zeli phondo

Umlawuli wokuqala kummandla Olonets waba Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Waziwa ngokuba kwisihobe sakhe, kodwa ngaphandle koko yaba laseburhulumenteni, yeeNgwevu, uceba yangasese.

Umlawuli, wachitha iminyaka emibini. Ngeli xesha wakwazi ukulungiselela ukuyilwa arhente ezahlukeneyo zephondo, kuye kulo lonke iphondo yokuqala esibhedlele esixekweni. Ngenxa on-site nokuhlolwa, wabhala inqaku, eyabonisa ubudlelwane yeemeko zendalo kunye noqoqosho.

Xa siqwalasela neerhuluneli kwiphondo ukusukela ngo 1801, baye ngaphezu mabini. Irhuluneli yokuqala kwiphondo Olonets Okulov noAleksei Matveyevich wabaleka imicimbi konyaka omnye kuphela.

ubutyebi edge

iphondo Olonets waye esisityebi imithombo yamanzi. On nommandla wayo kukho inani elikhulu amachibi kunye nemilambo. I inkulu kubo - Lake Onega, Svir, Onega, Vig kunye nabanye.

Kulungile ndawo esisityebi emahlathini kwaye izimbiwa zilandelayo:

• zakhiwe;
• ngegolide;
• kukukhokela;
• yesilivere;
• linguMika;
• nsimbi;
• nezemarmore,
• amatisty;
• nentsimbi;
• ubumba anemibala;
• UMarcial Waters.

Edge waba ethile njenge umhlaba uludlolo onamatye kunye nemozulu ubunkenenkene imimoya ukutshintsha rhoqo. Kodwa ubukho nezilwanyana emahlathini, yaye lulungisa neengxaki zabantu ezinjalo amachibi iintlanzi.

nedolophu

Isixeko eziphambili emhlabeni lonke ixesha Olonets waba Petrozavodsk. Namhlanje ke kummandla sixeko sikhulu, kwaye kananjalo ikomkhulu weRiphabliki Karelia.

Imbali isixeko yaqala kunye ekuqaleni ngo-1703, Shumsky iingalo mveliso yi uPeter Omkhulu. Ummandla shaft yezityalo efakwe wacwangcisa phezu kwayo umpu. Isityalo iye yaguquka ngokuthe njengenqaba, nto leyo bakwazi ukumelana balwa. Kungekudala, isityalo yaba namandla lweshishini inkulu.

Ekubeni uPetros Omkhulu watyelela efektri kuye zamakhela ibhotwe ngomthi, kwinkampu ibandla, bamisa egadini. Kwakhona emhlabeni mveliso kwakukho yokuhlala, nto leyo eyandisa ngonyaka ngamnye.

Foundry entsha kunaso (Alexander kaThixo) yayakhiwe yi uCatherine Omkhulu. Emva ukufunyanwa kwayo ngo-1777, Petrozavodsk waba ngokusemthethweni isixeko, yaye ngowe-1781 kwaye liziko Olonets komhlaba.

Ngexesha leMfazwe ka-1812 le dolophu yaba ikhusi okwexeshana ebuncwaneni Academy of Arts. In Petrozavodsk wafudukela Russian National Library, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo, inxalenye Main zokufundisa Institute, kwakunye Kwimeko St Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Ulwazi oluthe vetshe malunga nezinye iidolophu ngohlangothi afumaneka kwincwadi ethi "Olonets kwiphondo:. Uluhlu zokuhlala eendawo 1879"