Yaba inkululeko Prague (imisebenzi Prague) njani? Prazhskaya utyando: iziphumo

Ngenxa yoko lo msebenzi Prague, i-Red Army ekhulule elikomkhulu yeCzechoslovakia, yaye ngaloo ndlela bagqiba Second World War eYurophu. Le dolophu makukhutshwe i Wehrmacht inyanzela ngosuku olulandelayo emva kokusayina isenzo iindlela zokunikezela yaseJamani.

ngosuku olwandulela

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1945 eBerlin kunye Prague nokusebenza yaba taxi yokugqibela ngokoyiswa ulawulo lwamaNazi eYurophu. Xa ikomkhulu eJamani uye wanikezela, ikomkhulu Czech Republic okwangoku abachatshazelwa yi umlo. Nomkhosi elinde ukuba ukuze phambili kwi ePrague. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela nempi yonke iYurophu uye ikeyiki ukuba wabiwe phakathi elizweni eliphumelelayo. Kuba ixesha elithile kwakukho thethwano malunga nokuhlaselwa kunokwenzeka kwi-Prague, umkhosi American. Kodwa ekugqibeleni yabangela yeCzechoslovakia kwicandelo eziphembelela USSR.

Ngokuhlwa May 8, xa waseJamani High Umyalelo sele wasayina sixhobo iindlela zokunikezela e Prague wangena myalelo eSoviet. AmaNazi umzi akawugcini uYehova phantsi kolawulo, oko kucetywa ukuba izinikele. Bona banikwa imini ukucinga ngaphezu. operation ekhubekisayo iqala xa kuthe kwakho ukusilela. I Prague iqela Wehrmacht akubalulekanga. Apha kule kumgca wokugqibela amisa iqela wemikhosi "Centre", nto leyo kwisiqingatha sesibini lonke zemfazwe etsha esuka eSoviet Union. Xa zizonke, lo mzi waba amajoni lwamaNazi malunga 900,000 kunye namahlakani abo babalekela ePrague evela phezu zonke akhululwe Europe.

umbutho operation

Xa pre-operation ukulungiselela umyalelo ingqalelo eyodwa eSoviet ehlawulwa ekuyilweni amaqela zokudubula elikhulu. Ngu ekuqaleni isahlakalo yokugqibela sele iqokelelwe malunga imipu 6000 kunye mortars. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela nempi Red Army wayengenguye ingxaki software. Mna ke kungekho ngaphandle, yaye lo msebenzi. Prague ukuhlasela sikhatshwe ukukhutshwa kwe-2 Air Army, owawukhokelwa Jikelele Stepan Krasovsky. phantse 2000 ndiza madoda ajongana kumgca engundoqo, ukuxhasa - nokuba 400.

Zonke izigqibo ezinxulumene kwenkcazo ubungakanani esisetyenziswa ngumkhosi, bakhokele le we2 amanye 4 Ukrainian. Loo "bottom" nyathelo, nto leyo kuphela emva kokuqwalasela "endaweni" iirhafu uhleli. Yintoni, ukususela kwinqanaba umbono lombutho, iye nzima lo msebenzi? Prague, uphele 'intloko' kweMfazwe Patriotic Enkulu "fakela" kuba rush engakholelekiyo. Umzekelo, imikhosi ka-1 kunye amanye 2nd Ukrainian kwafuneka ukuba yimbumba ngeentsuku nje ezintathu. Kwakumalunga kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-100-200 kunye nobunzima enkulu yabantu.

befuna Qala

Meyi 6 Exploration ye-Red Army ingxelo ukuba utshaba Baqala kokurhoxa ahlelwe kwimimandla Czech kwibala kumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-100 ukusuka ePrague. imikhosi eSoviet yaqala ukufumana yotshaba. zaduka Rearguards Wehrmacht kunye neeyunithi kwangaphambili saa le Front 1 Ukrainian. ukusebenza Prague, iziphumo zazo ukuya ekupheleni ngqo imfazwe, waye nokusukelana ibaleke amaJamani. Siya onesibindi ukuxhathisa abaliqela. Baba ngabantu bakholwayo ideology ngokuthembeka lwamaNazi yaye yagqiba ukuba kwimeko bengaphumelelanga kweli lizwe imfazwe sekunjalo nto uza kuphulukana.

Stratheji ukutshabalalisa utshaba sele nibona ziyahlangana enamandla nelisemihlubulweni yotshaba. Ngoko ke amaJamani, abanye nje kuphela kodwa shwaka, ukuba akanangozi. Ephumelelayo kwaba intsebenziswano ye-Red Army. Ekuqaleni kwalo msebenzi ngendeb Fronts Ukrainian we2 4, kwaye emva koko ke 1 and 2. iitanki yokuhlasela elindwebileyo, nangona kwakufuneka enze ngengingqi amahlathi weentaba. Bafudukela leekhilomitha 60-100 ngosuku.

Ngosuku olufanayo (Meyi 6) 4 Guards Tank Army kwaba sele kufutshane kwamaxandeka i-ore Iintaba. Yaba ngesibetho evela kwicala engalindelekanga Dresden, leyo ukuba bayingqonga 40,000th kudweliswe i Wehrmacht e Breslau. Meyi 7 waqala imikhosi ekhubekisayo le Front 2 Ukrainian. 7 Guards Shumilova umkhosi nangoko waphuncuka eziphumelela German waza wadlulela kumgama ozikilometa eziyi-12. Kwangaxeshanye, abendlu ka-Front 4 Ukrainian, walwela Olomouc - i hub yothutho ebalulekileyo eyayidibanisa yonke Czech Republic.

Ukubaleka e Prague

Advance ngokukhawuleza Red Ibutho onke amacandelo ngaphambili abatyhafileyo sele babengasenantembelo uloyiso ngayo fascists. Injengele imikhosi yaseJamani kwi ikomkhulu Czechoslovakia kuFerdinand wamacebo. Wayalela ngobungxamo yasentshona. AmaJamani babekhetha mabanikezele baseMerika kunokuba eSoviet Union. Imibutho yokuphumula lasePrague waqala ngoMeyi 9. Noko ke, kungekudala iza kuphinda alawulwe ngomnye umntu yaye yaba isiphithiphithi.

Ngelo xesha, iqela uqhankqalazo Front 2 Ukrainian waphula omnye imigca yotshaba. Yena phambili ayi-60, ukumisela ulawulo phezu Znojmo. Iphiko lasekhohlo yomkhosi wakhe phezu elunxwemeni iDanube waza waqalisa ukuhamba kunye elunxwemeni yayo emantla, bephosa i rearguard waseJamani. Ngezi ntsuku ezintathu Soviet Air Force ngenqwelo ngaphezulu kwe 7000 nokuhlasela, ukuxhasa ukuhlasela elwa Ukrainian.

Ukukhululwa umzi

May 9 1st Ukrainian Front wangena Prague. Ngoku ke Red Army kunye nabameli iinkonzo zokhuseleko babengafanele ukunika amaJamani ukuba liphume. Kulo ukuba bancedwa yi kuzinze Czech, owayeyazi isixeko indawo isizwe ngcono kakhulu.

East Prague, engqongwe ngokwezahlulo ngaphezu kwama-50 wabonakala. Ezi imikhosi eziphambili yotshaba. amajoni isiJamani naphezulu, iinjengele zabo ngexa abanye phezu angaphantsi kwakhe. Balekani bengamabanjwa amaMelika ilawulwa kuphela amaqela, ngoweqela wemikhosi "Austria".

Ukubeka ROA

Prague operation ekhubekisayo kwenziwa kuphela ngokuchasene Wehrmacht, kodwa nxamnye ROA - Russian Liberation Army. Kule ukubunjwa kwakukho abahleli Soviet, ekuqaleni kwale omkhosi abeye intsebenziswano kunye eJamani. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1945 ROA wagqiba sibalekele entshonalanga, ukuze ndiwele ezandleni abasemagunyeni eSoviet.

Meyi 12 wabanjwa injengele yomkhosi General Vlasov. Yena kunye namanye amagosa ezininzi ROA basiwa eSoviet Union. Apho, ukuba bazama baza babulawa. ROA amajoni oqhelekileyo zafakwa ngexesha ukusebenza e Prague, ubukhulu becala yaphelela kwiinkampu kunye ekuthinjweni.

luvukelo lokugqibela

Intsalela ye layohlala SS abantu babulawa ngobusuku May 12. Idabi ubelahlekile, intloko karhulumente "kumaqela ukufa" ekuhlaleni Carl Friedrich von Pückler-Burghaus. Eli qela lokugqibela wayebunjwa yoqhekeko "Das Empire" yaye "Wallenstein".

Bafika umda kunye baseMerika emva ngoMeyi 9 kodwa wala ukwamkela emuva abasabileyo bakwaEfrayim. Emva koko babek 'amaJamani wadala inkampu encinane, inqatyisiwe. Ngokuhlwa ka 11 Ngamana ke wahlasela iqela amagosa isibambiso yaBantu Commissariat of wezoKhuselo wesiZwe USSR. Kungekudala wajoyina i-Red Army. Kusasa ka May 12 waba linxuwa lo yunithi yokugqibela lwamaNazi. Yaphela kanjalo ukusebenza yasePrague. Iminyaka ngeminyaka, abahlali besixeko ngemihla lesikhumbuzo ahlawule irhafu ukuya abakhululi eSoviet. Amagama abo banikwa ezitalatweni kunye neepaki. Yalelani Konev, phila imisebenzi ekhubekisayo, kwenziwa ummi Wawongwa kwisixeko Balti.

Ukulahlekelwa kunye nemiphumela

kuba lo msebenzi yayikukuba amajoni Red Army kwezigidi ezibini kunye namazwe encedisayo (Poland, Romania kunye eCzechoslovakia), ekupheleni kwemfazwe. I Prague wokhuselo yaseJamani yaba iinzame lithemba iiyunithi ezimbalwa ukuba liphume. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ukungqubana kwemihla neziphumo iilahleko ezinkulu - zonke kwidabi wabulala-12 amawaka Red Army.

Kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa iinxalenye ukusebenza eSoviet ikwazile ukuba atshabalalise okanye ukufaka malunga nama-860 amawaka amajoni Wehrmacht kunye SS. Xa ekuthinjweni baba 60 iinjengele zika Army Group "Umbindi", kunye nabanye. Oku yathinjwa imipu indebe 9500 kunye mortars, amawaka moya, amatanki 1800 nemipu nokubetha, kunye nezinye izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo emkhosini.

NgoMeyi 11, umsebenzi yasePrague weza kwisigqibo esisiso. zomkhosi eSoviet kumgca lokudibana kunye abaseMelika. Kuye kwaqhutywa phezu komda kunye emizini aseChemnitz kunye Plzen. Ekubeni behlupheka iminyaka emininzi yaba kwinkalo yiSoviet yempembelelo. ulawulo lwamaKomanisi yasekwa kweli lizwe. Urhulumente sangena i-Organisation of Warsaw Pact.

Nokusebenza 1945 no 1968.

Ngenxa ezinye izenzakalo Socialist eCzechoslovakia zidla kuthelekiswa umsebenzi lasePrague (1945) kunye nokusebenza Prague Spring ka-1968. Owokugqibela yaqala xa urhulumente waseSoviet ebekwe kwi-capital amajoni Slavic eli lizwe, uthi isigqibo sayo, "ukuba kuqheleke imeko yezopolitiko." Ngowe-1968 eCzechoslovakia, ikhondo yonke kwakukho iinguqulelo silinene, Nezingathanga nje iinkokheli waseUSSR, njengoko ngenxa yabo ingaba indlela yokuphuma yempembelelo Czechoslovak wamaKomanisi.

Prague Spring, "Operation iDanube" kunye neziganeko ezilandelayo ziye abe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo Cold War. Namhlanje, isimo sengqondo Czech kwiziganeko ngo 1945 no 1968. nje eyahlukileyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, kwafika amajoni Soviet ukuya ePrague njengoko abakhululi ukusuka ngamaNazi, yaye owesibini, imizila itanki umkhosi efanayo odakumbileyo inkululeko lwentando yesininzi ngonyaka ka abahlali yeCzechoslovakia.