Arnold Vladimir Igorevich: engobomi, usapho kunye nempumelelo sezibalo odumileyo

Arnold Vladimir Igorevich - yinto yezibalo eSoviet kwaye Russian, abasungula le thiyori umehluko zibalo ngokusingisele, singularities of amade agudileyo, kwaye kananjalo wabhala inani imisebenzi kwi ukukhanda theoretical yethopholoji efanayo.

biography

Arnold Vladimir Igorevich (ifoto ezithunyelwe kweli nqaku) wazalwa ngomhla 12.06.1937 kwi Ukraine, kwisixeko Odessa.

Noko ke, intsapho yakhe waya eMoscow, apho sezibalo elizayo wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe. Emva kokuphela inani Metropolitan School 59 Vladimir Arnold waba ngumfundi Boomatshini and Mathematics Faculty of eMoscow State University kunye ngempumelelo izifundo ngo-1959

Izazinzulu Future lucky. Utitshala yakhe sezibalo odumileyo Andrey Nikolaevich Kolgomorov. Sele kule minyaka ingama-20 ka Vladimir Arnold wacebisa ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzi oluqhubekayo eziquka ezahlukeneyo ezininzi angamelwa kudityaniswe iqela elithile kwemisebenzi. Kuyenzeka ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki 13 Hilbert kaThixo.

MSU wafumana idiploma, Arnold Vladimir Igorevich esebenza waseyunivesithi yakhe ekhaya. Kweli thuba ukususela ngowe-1965 ukuya 1986, waba ngunjingalwazi. Ukuba ngumfundisi obalaseleyo, Vladimir I. baqhube izifundo zabo nge esigxininisa ngokucaca ntetho kunye nokucacisa. Ngelo xesha ke ingqalelo style kakuhle kakhulu esesikweni, ukunika ingxelo echanekileyo elikuwo. ingqalelo yingozi lo ndlela ukuba ukufunda izibalo. Kwaye ukuba achaze inzululwazi ngqo yendlela yakhe, wabakhuthaza ukuba zombini abafundi besikolo.

Indawo elandelayo umsebenzi yaba Steklov Mathematical Institute. Apha Arnold Vladimir Igorevich wasebenza ukususela ngowe-1986 de kwimihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Ngexesha le minyaka, yena abaqeshwe yi-Paris-eDauphiné University.

Wafa yezibalo Arnold Vladimir Igorevich 03.06.2010 kwikomkhulu French. E Paris, inzululwazi unyaka-72 ubudala ukuba sele ekunyango. Vladimir I. wangena St. Antoine Hospital obandulela ukufa kwakhe. Apho ke wenziwa utyando, wayengakwazi Move senziwa.

yezibalo Wangcwatywa Arnold Vladimir Igorevich 15.06.2010 kwi Novodevichy Amangcwaba eMoscow. Ngakuye uphumle Academician Vitaly Ginzburg.

usapho

Yintoni eyenza umdla kwakukho nzulu esidumileyo Russian, ngubani na Vladimir I. Arnold biography? Family Mathematics idlale indima ebalulekileyo ebomini bakhe.

Uyise sisazinzulu - Igor Vladimirovich Arnold - yaba ugqirha wenzululwazi zokufundisa. Kwakhona esihambelanayo ilungu Academy of zokufundiswa Sciences ye RSFSR, unjingalwazi, izibalo, kunye umWisile. Uyisemkhulu Vladimir Igorevich - Arnold Vladimir Fedorovich - yaba eThintelweyo kunye yezoqoqosho. Wabhala imisebenzi emininzi ukufunda iindleko zeefama kunye nobuchule agronomic. Mzalwana, uninakhulu ka noVladimir Igorevich zooyise - Umbhali BS Zhitkov.

UMama sezibalo odumileyo Russian Arnold Nina yaba Umhlaziyi wobuciko. indawo yakhe yomsebenzi yaba Museum Pushkin. Vladimir Igorevich umkhulu kumgca koomama - Isakovich uAleksandr Solomonovich. Waye igqwetha kwakunye nophando kunye nentloko utitshala Odessa Research Institute of Industry okukhenkcisa.

Kwicala koomama yaba umtshana ka Vladimir I. physics: Isakovich uMikhail Alexandrovich (Head of kwisahlulo theoretical component kwi Acoustics Institute of the USSR.) Yaye Paradise Natalia Alexandrovna, owayesebenza njengoko umhleli we isebe physics, nto leyo ifumaneka e-All-Union State Library iincwadi zenzululwazi.

UMzalwan 'Arnolda V. I. uninakhulu kumgca koomama - yamachiza odumileyo li Hope. Le yesayensi iye wanikela ubomi bakhe, yaye umzalwana yezibalo - Arnold Dmitriy Igorevich.

umsebenzi Academic ekhaya

yaba umsebenzi oluqhutywa Vladimir Igorevich Arnold waphumelela njani? Biography kwemathematika wakhe ekuqaleni kakhulu zaqaqamba kwi-USSR, uze - eRashiya. impumelelo kwakhe kule nkalo ziye ngokubanzi azinakanwa kwizangqa zezazinzulu basekhaya angaphandle.

Sele ngo-1965, uza kuba lilungu epheleleyo Academy of Sciences USSR, kodwa iziphumo okuvota kutyhilwa ukunqongophala nevoti nje omnye. ukunyulwa kwakhe kwenzeka kwiminyaka engama-25 kuphela kamva. Esona sizathu siphambili ikhefu elide kangaka wambu, ngokunokwenzeka kakhulu imbono ezizimeleyo sisazinzulu. Vladimir I. wavakalisa izimvo zabo ngokuqulathwe imisebenzi zezibalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani yombhali. Maxa wambi nkqu buchopho beza phantsi umlilo ugxekwe yakhe.

"Iileta ukuba ezo zimashumi asithoba anesithoba" umqobo kakhulu kwikhondo wakhe ngokungena kuye 1968. Yaba umyalezo yabhalwa ekhusela logic yiSoviet ka Esenin-Volpin, nto leyo yathotyelwa kwimeko unyango zengqondo ngebhaxa. Ngeli senzo ophikisana Arnold evaliwe kwamanye amazwe. Yaye kude kube sekupheleni kuka-1980, i-nzulu yaye kuphela xa eqhubana zezibalo amazwe. Le nyaniso, wazigqala Vladimir I., yaba nefuthe elibi impumelelo zenzululwazi.

umsebenzi Academic phesheya

Ngokutsiba kwamaxabiso okubangelwa utshintsho karhulumente, Vladimir Igorevich kunyanzeleka ukuba ukufuna eminye imithombo yengeniso. Kwaye, ekhumbula uhambo lwakhe ukuya eFransi, kwenzeka ngo-1964-1965 gg., Ke wamkela isithembiso kwintsebenziswano neYunivesithi yase Paris eDauphiné.

Ukususela ngo-1976, i-nzulu wonyulelwa ukuba ilungu Wawongwa i-Mathematical Society of London, leyo ogudileyo kakhulu. Xa amazwi Arnold, ukuthatha inxaxheba kule club kwaba kakhulu eziphezulu ngaphezu kokuba imbasa Fields. Famous yezibalo kunye nobulungu lunikwa Pontifical Academy. Kodwa ngenqaba, becaphula ndingavumelani nangoku irhoxisiwe isigwebo, nto leyo 1600 ekhutshwe Kwamacala Dzhordano Bruno.

Ngowe-1987, V. I. Arnolda yakhethwa njengelungu yekhethelo bezinye iintlanga Academy of Arts and Science of America. Emva konyaka engeniswa kwi-Royal Society of London.

Ngowe-1990, Vladimir Igorevich wonyulwa Academician of the Academy of Sciences waseUSSR, yaye ukususela ngowe-1996 ukuya ku-2010 waba nguMongameli Moscow Mathematical Society. imisebenzi efana yenziwa yi Arnold kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, ukususela ngowe-1996 ukuya ngo-2002, i-nzulu yaba nosekela-mongameli kunye ilungu leKomiti yeSigqeba i-International Mathematical Union.

impumelelo enkulu

Kuyo yezibalo lomsebenzi zenzululwazi Arnold Vladimir Igorevich kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu iingcamango ezahlukeneyo. The main isandla:

1. Ngesisombululo enye utoliko ingxaki weshumi Hilbert xa kunokwenzeka.
2. Ngethiyori, perturbations kweenkqubo Hamiltonian. Aggregate, iindlela, iziphumo kunye neembono ukufumana igama lakho. Namhlanje ke ikwanguloo Kolmogorov-Arnold-Yokuqala theorem (KAM theory).
3. Ukusetyenziswa iindlela topological ukuba hydrodynamics.
4. Imfundiso singularities. Olu phuhliso wenza kube lula ukuba iinguqu ubuchule lweempawu yokuhlela. Le mfundiso entle kakhulu yaye ifumene izicelo ezininzi.
5. Xa ithopholoji kwiintlobo yokwenene algebra. Arnold ngowokuqala ukuba asebenzise ubuchule yokuntsonkotha ukufunda yethopholoji elinikiweyo.
6. Xa zokwazisela ebaluleke nezimaphambili ezingundoqo malunga integrability umntu iinkqubo olutshintshayo okunjalo. Ke kaloku lo mbono elinye igama. Namhlanje, oko integrable ngu Arnold-Liouville.
7. Xa iintsapho matrix ifomu yokwakha. Lo msebenzi yabangela ukuba Yindibanisela ukuqonda uhlobo kweYordan lweendlela.
8. Ingcamango yokwakha ebizwa ngokuba ithopholoji symplectic njengenye imithombo cohomology quantum.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhankanya uhlobo ingxelo ukubetha Arnold Vladimir Igorevich. Quotes of the sisazinzulu zanikezelwa zezibalo amaxesha ngaphezu kwama-22 000.

Iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa

Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1960 Vladimir Igorevich Arnold uyalela bonke amandla alo sicinga kwizixhobo behlabathi, ngokusebenzisa iindlela zemathematika. Kulo mzekelo, abaphengululi wabancina izinto ukuba bambalwa abantu ezihlawulwa ingqalelo, esebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe Encyclopedic.

Vladimir Igorevich Arnold, ogama impumelelo entsimini yemathematika kunzima ukuba zazi, wabeka isiseko mbono ezininzi. Noko ke, xa izimvo zakhe ethathe imilo ecacileyo, kunye nokuchonga ulwalathiso zazo eziphambili kuphuhliso, ISAZINZULU wazicelela. Imisebenzi ephambili, Vladimir I. washiya uphuhliso iinxalenye kubafundi zayo ezininzi owayethanda umcebisi bakholwa kuye.

theory sikhethekileyo

Kukho indawo enye kuphela apho Vladimir Igorevich Arnold (ngobomi bakhe kuhlangene ngezibalo) wayesebenza yonke imibuzo ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekupheleni. Le mbono sikhethekileyo. isiseko salo kunye nophuhliso baba ngenxa Arnold, isikolo sakhe kunye nenxaxheba abaphandi eSoviet Union kunye noogxa babo amazwe.

Kwezinye iimpapasho Western, le misebenzi zaziwa ngokuba "theory ntlekele". It is a isebe yemathematika achaza naluphi na utshintsho ngequbuliso okwenzeka nayiphi na inkqubo kuba izinto ezinxaxhileyo encinci ithi yokuqala.

Ngokomzekelo, omnye Winter imoto. Esi sixhobo ngokulula ndawonye ekhaya evela iinkcukacha kunokuba ilula - intwana iphepha, ikhadibhodi, ipensile kunye awafake ezimbini.

Umatshini Zeeman i inkqubo umzekelo apho kwingozi kunokwenzeka. Xa iirabha enjalo isixhobo ipensile enxulumene disc ye ikhadibhodi. Ngamanye amaxesha intshukumo yawo egudileyo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha, xa ephendula utshintsho oluncinci spurts. Le xenga singabonakala kwiinkqubo ezininzi.

Le ndawo ulwazi uphethe iingqondo abaphandi abaninzi. Le uzinzo kunye nokungazinzi kwenkqubo linokusetyenziswa ezi zibalo echaza ngendaleko yemarike neenkqubo ukuba transfer ubushushu. Ewiliko kwale misebenzi iya kuvumela ukuqikelela nayiphi na intsingiselo kwi yokuziphatha reactor zenyukliya, hayi izinzile kuphela, kodwa kwindlela enkulu.

Arnold Vladimir Igorevich ayikho ngunozala eli sebe ngenzululwazi zezibalo. Bawo "theory ntlekele" kucingelwa ukuba Thom. Noko ke, kukho incwadi classic yabhalwa zezenzululwazi Russian zanikezelwa kule ndawo. igama layo - "Theory ntlekele".

Izihloko namabhaso

Bright young ukunyuka yezibalo kwintlutha yayiqikelelwa ngurhulumente. Ngowe-1960 yena lawongwa ngebhaso le Moscow Mathematical Society. Kodwa kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva V. I. Arnolda kunye AM Kolmogorov wathi ngomsebenzi wakhe ngemfundiso KAM. Izazinzulu yodumo Lenin Prize. Fumana ibhaso ephakamileyo USSR nje akunakwenzeka.

Ukunakanwa merit zabo nzulu ezivela kuluntu zemathematika ihlabathi. Ngowe-1974, e Vancouver, kwakunye ngo-1983 e Warsaw, ukuba afunde iingxelo kwi-International Congress of Mathematicians. Special intetho isiqingatha seyure-V. I. Arnolda kwenzeka ngo-1966 eMoscow.

Ngowe-1982, Arnold wabelana kunye Nirenberg (USA) kwakhona emiselwe yi-Swedish Academy of Sciences, kodwa nangoko waba bhaso libaluleke kangaka Krafordskuyu. Noko ke, inkokheli yombutho i-USSR hayi likhuphe lona Stockholm ukufumana yona.

Ngowe-2001, Vladimir Igorevich Wolf Prize yanikezelwa. Yena sesayensi yawongwa umsebenzi esebenzayo kunye neziqhamo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo lemathematika.

Ngo-2007, Arnold wayephakathi laureates yokuqala kaRhulumente Prize eRashiya. Emva konyaka yena wawongwa "Asian Nobel Prize." Yaba Shaw Prize, waza wabahlula kunye L. D. Faddeevym, apho ukuvunywa ehlabathini esilandelayo ngempumelelo Arnold.

ncwadi

Kunye umsebenzi lwenzululwazi Arnold Vladimir Igorevich wabhala nqaku. Zipapashwa kumaphepha-ndaba kunye neemagazini, kwaye udliwano-ndlebe yezibalo ezaziwayo-kakuhle.

amanqaku amaninzi Arnold wachukumisa phezu kumxholo yemfundo. Le Isazinzulu wagxeka inkqubo yemfundo kumazwe angaphandle. Ngelo xesha esilungisa iingxaki zemfundo kwemathematika kwizikolo zasekuhlaleni. Le Isazinzulu wavakalisa uluvo yakhe embi ngayo "ukubamba" abantwana imisebenzi ethile.

Arnold kwakhona wabhala incwadi I. Vladimir. Le misebenzi bakholisa swi imisebenzi yakhe yophando. Kodwa apha, akazange azilibale malunga abaselula. Ngoko ke, enye iincwadi ezibhalwe Arnold Vladimir Igorevich - ". Mngeni abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-15" Makhe siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha.

A uhambo umdla sibe isayensi ngqo

Okumangalisayo lwesihloko ayo incwadi, eyabhalwa ngu Arnold Vladimir Igorevich - "mngeni abantwana abaneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-15." Iimpendulo kwimibuzo emininzi iqulethwe kuwo ulula ukufumana seminyaka emihlanu-kids ngaphezu "barhuqe" Abantwana besikolo okanye abafundi. Kwaba ngenkankulu ukuba kulungisa iingxaki kunye oonjingalwazi, kwakunye laureates Nobel ne Fields.

Ingcamango ukubhala le ncwadi wazalelwa entwasahlobo ka-2004 e-Paris. Loko zizifundiswa Russian babehlala eFransi, Arnold wacelwa ukuba bancede abantwana babo yayikukufumana inkcubeko yemveli enjalo yokucinga Russia. Zokuqiniseka ukuba sisazinzulu, le nto kufuneka ukuba sibe kwindlela yokucinga elizimeleyo malunga elula abantu abadala, kodwa ngaxeshanye, imiba enzima.

Le browutsha ibandakanya 77 imisebenzi yabhalwa okanye ezikhethwe ngumbhali. Isigqibo sesininzi kubo Awudingi ulwazi ezizodwa ukuya ngaphaya esikolweni. incwadi yakhe Vladimir I. zibhekiswa abakwisikolo sabantwana besikolo, abafundi kunye nootitshala. Kufuneka ukuba yamkelwe nabo abazali bacinga imfundo yabantwana babo inxalenye olusisinyanzelo inkcubeko yokucinga umntu.

Nanku omnye umzekelo imisebenzi efunekayo ukwenza lokuvula encinane. On kwithala yeencwadi imiqulu emibini yemisebenzi Pushkin. Ebubanzini ngalinye lamakhasi-2 cm Ngaphezu koko, ezi ncwadi inshorensi -. 2 mm nganye. Kwiphepha lokuqala umqulu 1, ehleli bookworm. Emva koko beziluma ngokusebenzisa umendo umgama imfutshane, yaye kwiphepha lokugqibela umqulu 2. Yintoni ixabiso umsebenzi akwenzileyo ibanga?

Le ithopholoji ephawulekayo (zejometri) ngxaki, apho impendulo kakhulu engalindelekanga kubantu abaninzi - 4 mm. Uyakwazi ukuba yahlula laureates ezininzi Nobel, kodwa abantwana uthole, ngubani na yokwenza olufunyanisiweyo, ukumelana nayo idla entle.