Zemihla Imbali - nto ... Ixabiso yesikolo Annales

Xa sifunda imbali kubungqina ebhaliweyo kule minyaka idlulileyo zibaluleke kakhulu. imithombo eyahlukeneyo igama ezahlukileyo: yemicimbi yemihla, yemihla, zemihla imbali. Le nto ukungangqinelani kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokurekhodisha iziganeko ezibalulekileyo - enyanisweni lwezizwana ezahlukahlukeneyo yaye iintlanga ingcamango yabo iya kuba yintoni kubalulekile ukuba izizukulwana ezizayo, yaye yintoni na.

Imvelaphi yegama

Kuba okokuqala, lo gama kwaqala ukuhlangana kwiirekhodi ze chroniclers baseRoma. Iziganeko ezibalulekileyo yezopolitiko kunye abucala ubomi abemi baseRoma ibhalwe iingxelo zonyaka - zemihla ngemihla. Le mbono livela kwi Unyaka Latin, intsingiselo kwinguqulelo of "unyaka". Zemihla okuqala iibhodi ngomthi okanye ilitye egudileyo, ukubonisa phambi kwendawo okanye indawo yokuhlala umbingeleli omkhulu.

Izishwankathelo zaba eminyaka okanye eminyaka. Ngenxa yoko, ibinzana elithi "yemihla kwimbali." Oku kwakuthetha rhoqo Ngokushicilela iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iinkqubo zembali engasekho kuthathelwa ingqalelo, kwaye ixesha elithile zayeka ukubakhona zemihla ngemihla.

Imbali yeembali School

De inzululwazi zembali kwinkulungwane yama-20 ekuqaleni ngakumbi ezingasetyenziswanga ulwazi zembali, kodwa uhlaziye kuzo. Imfuneko ngokutsha ilifa zembali intsukaphi kwisiqingatha sokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20. Yiloo nto ntoni French mbali abaselula Marc Bloch kunye Lyusen Fevr. mbali New ulwalathiso ziye zahlelwa kufuphi uhlelo nelembali lindixesha "Annals". Ngenxa yoko igama leqela izazinzulu.

Injongo umsebenzi izazinzulu oselula ukufunda izibakala ebekwe phantsi encwadini yeembali imbali. Le intshukumo akuthethi ukufunda kwakulawula ookumkani kunye amakhosi, noluntu luphela, kunye nabo bonke interweaving kwamaqhina kwezopolitiko, kwezoqoqosho, kwinkcubeko kunye nezentlalo. Le ndlela efunekayo ukutsala iinkcukacha ezininzi iinkalo ezinxulumene. Ababhali-mbali kwafuneka ukuba uhlaziye idatha yabo ezizwe, isosioloji, ngendawo kunye nezinye nesayensi ukufunda wobuntu ngurhulumente kunye noluntu.

iziphumo

Okwangoku, sisetyenziswe kulo inzululwazi ukucazulula ezahlukeneyo yemicimbi yemihla imbali. Oku kufuna enkulu ingqalelo kukutsalela ziingcali ezahlukeneyo ukusebenza. Indlela ngokomthamo ikuvumela ukuba sihlaziye ukubaluleka kweziganeko zembali ngokudibene imeko ngoku kwezentlalo nezopolitiko, ukugxininisa ukubaluleka imiba ezahlukeneyo ngendlela zembali.