Imbali i "Vasiliya Terkina" - umbongo Twardowski

abafundi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba kumgca wokuqala "Iincwadi malunga joni" edumileyo A. Twardowski wabonakala ngowe-1942, kunye nomfanekiso umlinganiswa ophambili okubangelwa kuphela xa iziganeko Enkulu Patriotic War. Okwangoku, le meko ngandlel ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ke ukukhankanywa yokuqala akhaliphileyo ivazi Terkina isusela emva nexesha kwemfazwe Russian-Finnish. Khumbula, ngokusekelwe ubungqina nombhali, yintoni na le imbali kwendalo walo mbongo.

"Vasily Terkin" - ekuqaleni

Ngowe-1939, xa iphulo yaqala finami, A. Twardowski wasebenza kwiphephandaba "Ukumela le looMawokhulu". Ngelo xesha, ukuba qatha engqondweni iqela creative ukuza xifaniso a epapasha abalinganiswa kuhlekwe - unesibindi enemiqathango kunye umlweli umdla awayeza kuvela kumaphepha le ncwadi, kunye yi lotyikityo zemibongo. akazange abonakale igama hero likaThixo kwaoko: wayigocagoca iinketho eziliqela ngaphambi kokuba ayolala kwi ivazi elula nefudumeleyo - njengoko yayibizwa ngelo xesha. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa imbali i "Vasiliya Terkina", makwazeke phantse wonke umfundi eSoviet.

ukuqondana

Ngendlela, xa memoirs zakhe Twardowski isixelela indlela kanye, kule minyaka yemfazwe, wafumana ileta umbhali ogama wayenomdla kutheni umlinganiswa ophambili - zanozuko njengegorha umkhosi eSoviet - ligama elinye boncwadi. Kwathi kanti, wathi Tvardovsky, phambi koko kwafika inoveli P. Boborykin yegama elifanayo. Basil Terkin kuphela nomrhwebi embi, fixers kunye yentshembenxa. Imbongi liyaqonda ukuba, ebamkele ileta, wafumana, kwaye ngaphandle ubumnandi eninzi yemisebenzi; kodwa igama beqhawe wagqiba ukutshintsha. Okanye kunoko, abangazange baqhoboshele nayiphi ukubaluleka ukuba kwenzeka loo - ingakumbi, ukuba imbali mbongo "Vasily Terkin" ngokwenene babengenayo nayiphi ngokunxulumene kwinoveli - yaye waqhubeka ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Kodwa emva "iincwadi malunga ukulwa."

Uphuhliso akhulelwe eceleni

Imbongi wakhumbula uTshawe akhaliphileyo, sele luthandwa zabafundi iphephandaba "Ukumela i looMawokhulu", ngonyaka 40. Kwenzeka ukuba 39 iileta, njengoko senzelwe, ndibhale satires elinye okanye amabini, uze wenze eminye imisebenzi. Kuphela Shcherbakov ixesha elide wajika loo mfanekiso, kubaluleke kakhulu apho bambalwa kakhulu abantu iqhotyoshelwe apha. Ke kaloku Twardowski ya- indlela ukudibanisa emsebenzini wakhe wobugcisa - yaye wayefanele ukuba ibe umbongo - iqhawe amanqaku satirical kunye ubunzulu ifuna zokwenene. Kwaye waqalisa ukuyiphatha kwimemori konke iye yanxulunyaniswa kunye Finnish War, kuquka iingxelo kuFacebook, waya Vyborg, bafunde manqaku eziprintiweyo, kunye N. Kodwa ke, ukuba ukubhala umsebenzi, njengoko bekucwangcisiwe, ukuba th 41 abazange ukusebenza njalo., Waza waqalisa imfazwe. Ngenxa yoko, imbali indalo "Vasiliya Terkina" ngaxa lithile ziya kuphelela uyacinga ngawo ukwakhiwa sebali, umfanekiso ophambili.

1942

Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala Twardowski imfazwe ethunyelwe ngaphambili njengoko othile. Kwiinyanga zokuqala, i ukwedlula eshushu, akuzange kube mbongo. Ngoko kwakudala kwavela enqwondweni yam ingcamango lahlehliselwa ihlobo of th-42, xa imbali kwendalo walo mbongo Tvardovsky "Vasily Terkin" ufumana phambili yayo. Kodwa ngoku kwafuneka ukuba imveliso ye enye imfazwe - abantu Soviet nxamnye bahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente. Kwaye ke hero of Vasi wajika waya Basil, obumntwisiweyo abalimi okuziinkozo Russian, ukusebenza, engakhathali, eyaya ukukhusela kwilizwe.

Isahluko sokuqala imisebenzi emitsha Aleksandra Trifonovicha bavele phambi kwenye kumaphephandaba ngoSeptemba. Ke umhobe rhoqo ziprintwe izintlelo ezininzi, kufumaneka njengoko ngamajoni alwayo, kunye nabo bahlala kulo ngasemva. Enye wanceda ukuva ubunzima yobomi ngaphambili, omnye - ulindele usapho kule mfazwe esibi. "Le ncwadi imalunga joni" wabathanda ngabo bonke abafundi, yaye wonke ekhangele phambili kwizahluko ezintsha, iqhawe leyo ijoni kunye negama elula Russian - umfanekiso omtsha ukudalile oko A. Twardowski - Vasily Terkin.

Imbali mbongo ngexesha lemfazwe

Lo msebenzi ebhalwe phantsi nonyaka-45, nangona kunjalo kwi-owuva ye-43, emva kokuba ababuleweyo, kuphiliswa ngempumelelo kunye nokubuyiswa uTshawe kule nkqubo, umbhali wayecinga ukuba weza wokugqibela. Kubafundi wangenelela, befuna ukuqhubeka kumbongo, ekube enobulungisa ukuxambulisana, njengoko kuchaziwe yi Twardowski. Basil Terkin, imbali kwendalo yayo kuphuhliswa kokuba ngakumbi, kwakhona bahamba amaphepha-ndaba neemagazini.

Umsebenzi ibonisa amanqanaba ephambili ekulweni; kokurhoxa kabuhlungu ngayo kwiinyanga yayo yokuqala, idabi waba izinto zatshintsha, komjikelo lobungangamsha ukuya ngasentshona. Kwakukho umnqweno ukuthumela liqhawe ukuya ngasemva amaJamani, kodwa kungekudala Twardowski wancama isicwangciso enjalo, isigqibo ukuba bekuya kumphazamisa uyilo imveliso jikelele kwaye wenze nejoni zabucala imbali.

Ibhalwa ngexesha lemfazwe Ndafumana uninzi iileta, ukusuka apho ilandelwe ukuba abafundi abanomdla kakhulu kwimbali "Vasiliya Terkina", ngokukodwa, ukuba umntu ukho, ochazwe kumbongo, eneneni. Ke kaloku ngoxa hero eninzi namesakes - omnye kubo, UViktor Vasilevich Terkin wacela ukutshintsha igama lakhe abakhe - ngoko ke impendulo yaba soloko categorical: Basil Terkin - ikharektha etsomo ngokupheleleyo kwaye akukho prototype lokwenene. Wabumba evela muntu lombhali kunye Liquka imisebenzi engcono kwe nomkhuseli Russian.

Ndlelantle kwenye iqhawe

Imbali kwi "Vasiliya Terkina" iphela ngoloyiso entwasahlobo ka-'45. NgoMeyi, Twardowski ipapasha isahluko sokugqibela "Ukususela umbhali", nto leyo ithi ubhido ndlelantle nejoni. Kwaye nangona ukuba kwakhona wayeqinisekile ngemfuneko ukuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi, yena wayesazimisele: Terkina lahamba ixesha. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ngoku xa kukho uxolo, kufuneka sibe umlinganiswa eyahlukileyo.

Leyo ke imbali "Vasiliya Terkina" ngokufutshane esichazwe ngokusekelwe inqaku A. Twardowski "Njengokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa," Vasily Terkin (answer readers). "

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Sele kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, ukwazi ukuthandwa okukhulu umbongo nangesimilo yayo ephambili, ababhali zisezandleni wadala i "nokuqhubekeka" ye adventures uTshawe, yaye "oosinga" engencwadi eyaziwa kakhulu. Impendulo kubo kukuba umbongo - sele ngokuphindaphindiweyo wagxininisa Twardowski - "Vasily Terkin", imbali nokudalwa ichazwa ngumbhali, igqityiwe ngokucacileyo ndibuyele kuyo kwixesha elizayo kungalindelekanga.