Biography elifutshane Jikelele Chernyakhovsky Ivan Danilovich

igama Chernyakhovsky ebhalwe ngoonobumba zegolide kwimbali IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Le jikelele ehlokomayo aneziphiwo wayengomnye ngqwayi abaselula ngokudangazela ngaloo minyaka. Ngexesha lemfazwe, wayesele kwi eyahlukeneyo fronts: kokulwa aseBalti, wathethelela Novgorod, Voronezh ngesingqi esinye, waba phakathi kwamasoldati, ngexesha Idabi Kursk, wakhulula Ukraine ne Belarus.

ebuntwaneni

Future General Ivan Chernyakhovsky wazalwa kwisixeko neendawo zokwakha, nto leyo ibekwe kufuphi eKiev ngo-1906. Uyise (Danil Nikolaevich) yaba switchman kwi zikaloliwe. Xa imfazwe kunye eJamani, wabizwa phambili, apho wafumana mala. Xa ebuya, intloko-ntsapho waya Podolia, apho yena coachman kule ndawo. unina womntwana yaba ngumama. Abazali wafa ngowe-1919 ngenxa yesifo. Ngoko ke abantwana abathandathu abaziinkedama.

Ivan ngokufutshane sokuqala, aziyeke iinkomo kubalimi bendawo, kwaye ngo-1920 yaqala besprizornichat kweli lizwe imfazwe eqwengiweyo. Xa ndisemsebenzini kwi zikaloliwe, wakwazi ukufumana amava locksmith, emva koko yaba umqhubi kwempahla kwiindlela ngeenxa Odessa.

Nomkhosi

Ngowe-1924, umfana ngokwemiyalelo kwi Young Communist League sele zithunyelwe esikolweni elihamba yasekuhlaleni. Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa ngobomi Jikelele Chernyakhovsky kwi nomkhosi. Kamva ndafunda gunner eyayiseKiev. Esi sikolo sagqitywa ngowe-1928. Emva koko wamiselwa alimwi zazithi- 17 Corps zokudubula webutho, kwisixeko Vinnitsa.

Phambi kokubhiyozela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II biography of Jikelele Chernyakhovsky wathabatha elinye ithuba. Wabelwa ukuya 28 vehicles Division (umphathi). Yena wayemi iBaltic.

Isifo yemfazwe

Kule mihla yokugqibela yehlabathi kunye eSoviet Union kunye Wesithathu belungiselela imfazwe. Noko ke, Stalin wacinga ukuba amaJamani ayeza ukuhlasela kuphela emva konyaka. Ngoko ke, onke amalungiselelo azizange ejoliswe nekhuthaza siyusekundnuyu (nangona iinkcukacha ubukrelekrele i).

June 18 Chernyakhovsky Division wafumana imiyalelo ukushiya ezindlini zabo kwenye indawo ukuya kwindawo kufutshane nesixeko Lithuanian ka Siauliai. Isondlo, emkhosini kwafuneka ukuba ukwenza umthambo ocwangcisiweyo. Noko ke, 22 ka amaJamani wawela umda eSoviet. Kwaye ke kaloku ukuba Chernyakhovsky ukususela ekuqaleni yaba angqingqwa iziganeko, njengoko Lithuania wahlaselwa ngomnye wabantu bokuqala.

Ngosuku lwesibini lwale ukwahlulwa yemfazwe, eyayikhokelwa ligosa, ukoyisa iikhilomitha ezingama-50 yaye kufutshane nedolophu Varniai. Ndaqala unee ngxaki ubonelelo amafutha, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba intshukumo uyekile. iingxaki ombutho ejongene-28 Panzer Division, baba ikuyo. I-Red Army kwaba lungekazilungeli ngequbuliso abahlali blitzkrieg German. Ukongeza, isibhakabhaka phezu Lithuania ekuqaleni olawulwa ekuhlaseleni waseJamani, ngubani isicelo ngesibetho kakhulu kwiziqephu ilizwe.

Chernyakhovsky kuqala ukulwa iinzame kkuba utshaba leqela lakhe ukusuka kwidolophu Kaltinenaya. Noko ke, ubukhulu wokwamanani lutshaba kwakhokelela bazoyise zendalo amajoni Soviet. Kungekudala Ivan Danilovich lihambe liye kwi ukuhamba jikelele Red Army.

Isehlakalo ebalulekileyo yaba Dvina Koloni kunye nesixeko Elipaya, eyaqala kwidabi wamagazi kunye amasoldati Empire. Kwakhona, eli candelo wayalelwa ukwenza inshorensi ukunqumla iiyunithi usele e Riga. Julayi 1 ngomfutho iintshaba Dvina Western, uze inxalenye rhoqo layohlala ngasempuma.

wokhuselo Novgorod

August 13, 1941 Chernyakhovsky wayalelwa ukuba lukwazi ukungena kwizikhundla Uyalwa kwimimandla esempuma Novgorod. Ekulungelelaniseni ukuziphendulela wabonakala waka umthamo igosa. Wafunda ngokukhawuleza nangendlela efanelekileyo ukutshintshela iindawo ukusuka kwindawo A ukuya kwindawo B, leyo inzima kakhulu lutshaba msebenzi. Ngokukodwa, wabafundisa kwisahlulo sakhe akazange nantoni extra, yaye izixhobo kuphela, amakhitshi intsimi njalo njalo. D. Oku ngakumbi waphikelela Chernyakhovsky, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane kuquka iinyaniso ukuzila umntwana ngexesha leMfazwe Civil.

Amajoni wenziwe umsebenzi kwakusembiwa kuyo, xa kudubula evela mortars. Iinxalenye ezininzi ekwaziyo athunyelwa isixeko incwadi yesicelo, nto leyo ingongoma ngobuchule ebalulekileyo. Blow yomkhosi Hitler iyaqhubeka ukwandisa ngeendleko loovimba abaninzi. Ngeli xesha, Empire ayekade phantse yonke eYurophu yaphosa empumalanga yonke yokulwa-ukulungele umkhosi wayo.

Emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa sisahlula Chernyakhovsky owesithathu eseleyo abasebenzi. Ngeli xesha, amaJamani wachitha ukuhlaselwa ezilishumi. 16 no-17 kubo bazama kuhla i Novgorod yesicelo niwele umlambo Volkhov. Bawaphakela machinegun umlilo kunye lokuhlaselwa ukhaliphe. Imeko ebalulekileyo lanyanzela umyalelo kungena kweli dabi uhlala uvimba encinane. Bahlasela amaJamani yaconjululwa emva yinxalenye emntla-ntshona ngaphambili wazama ukuba babambe omkhulu Isibali-kuhlaselwa kwingingqi Staraya Russa. Oku kwashiya amaNazi ukwabelana amandla. Abanye khefu wanika ithuba kwiCandelo 28 ukurhoxisa ukuya ngasempuma yomlambo Volkhov. Ikomkhulu wafuduselwa ilali ingathi yimimangaliso Kunin. Ngeli xesha, Chernyakhovsky yafunyanwa inyumoniya. Ngenxa uxilongo ebuhlungu wathunyelwa esibhedlele ngaphambili.

Voronezh

NgoMeyi 1942 Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich (biography elifutshane esingunobangela yale review) wonyuselwa ukuba Colonel-Jikelele. Wayefuna ukuba ukubuyela kwiyunithi netanki ke, ngenxa yokuba lo hlobo amajoni ezisingelwe iminyaka elishumi umsebenzi wakhe. Ekugqibeleni, wamiselwa ingqwayi-18 Tank lweSizwe, apho wafika ngoJulayi 1942. Le nxalenye yaba phezu Bryansk Front - hayi kummandla apho jikelele owalwa ngaphambili.

Ngeli xesha, ulwalathiso wasezantsi kuyakhathaza kwi longquzulwano phakathi Germany nase-USSR. Ukuba Leningrad eso, kwaye iimfazwe eMoscow wathabatha isikhundla kwindalo, oko emaqeleni ngoku isigqibo isiphumo imfazwe. NgoJulayi, amaJamani zifakwe Rostov-on-Don. "Operation Edelweiss" yaphakanyiswa ukuba kweso eCaucasus, kwikomkhulu Reich. Le ephakeme Hitler efunekayo ukuze ndinqumle eSoviet Union ukusuka ebalulekileyo ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho lwembono, oyile Baku kunye Grozny.

Ngokwesi sicwangciso, iqela yomkhosi "A" ngenjongo yokufumana layohlala for Don aze asithimbe ezi zixeko ebalulekileyo. Ngelo xesha linye ukwakhiwa "B" liza kufika Stalingrad ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nenkxaso angasemva. Kungenxa kweli cala yaba Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich. Biography of Jikelele akazange ziqulathe imisebenzi enjalo.

Julayi 3 Army phantsi umyalelo we Paulus kunye Weichs Amngqonga Stary Oskol zaze Don. Bekukho ingozi Voronezh kuthinjwe. Kweli nqanaba, Stalin ekuthiwa Jikelele Golikova, owathi ukuba uthumela ukusekelwa ngohlobo lwe-18 Tank Corps Chernyakhovsky. Zishiye le nkonzo labantu Voronezh. Ngelo xesha, ukuba itanki ye-18 Corps waqalisa eziza kuqaliswa kuloo empini. Baya saa amaqela bafudukela kweso sixeko, ezama ukuba avumele utshaba ukuya Don. Amava osisityebi emkhosini, Jikelele Chernyakhovsky wamxelela ukuba akwenze oko, kodwa Golikov ukubaphulaphula kuye waza wayalela njengegosa senior.

Ivan Danilovich ngokwakhe wakhokelela elinye la maqela abambene "obetha" kwifama ukuze bakhuthaze baphantsi kwabo, ngesibindi, walandela Kwidabi umphathi (yokuhlaselwa yayihanjelwe amaqela 14). Kule mfazwe, iqokobhe ukubetha imoto yakhe, nto ke leyo ebangele wavuka mala. Wabuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele, kodwa wala ukwenza njalo.

Julayi 7 yakhelwe ngokukodwa ukukhusela entsha Voronezh Voronezh Front Army of 4 4 angaphathi itanki. Nangona kunjalo, i-counter baye kuphumelela. AmaJamani esaphethe Voronezh, bambamba Donbass kwaye ngoku basongela esezantsi kuyo iVolga.

Xa intloko 60 Army

July 25, Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich, engobomi sikabani ngaphandle umva ngaphambili, wamiselwa intloko 60 Army, nto leyo nayo ukulwa kufuphi Voronezh. Wamiselwa ukuba endaweni Antoniuk, ngubani na ukumelana imisebenzi yabo.

Gen. Chernyakhovsky, ogama engobomi wayesaziwa laelo isoldati ngaphambili, ngoko nangoko wathabatha phezulu imisebenzi yakhe. Wayesoloko ukuziphendulela kwi Voronezh, hlale enyanzelisa ukuthanda zabo phezu utshaba. Ekupheleni August, amaJamani kwelinye icala yakwazi ukuba atyhudise, abheke iVolga. Ngoku ke imilo eziphambili bathunyelwa Stalingrad, ngelixa kuzolile busondele Voronezh.

Ebusika, xa imeko iVolga waqalisa ukuba imilo ngokuthanda wamajoni yiSoviet, amazinga waqala ukulungisa omkhulu sibali-kuhlaselwa, ezibe ukuthatha inxaxheba imikhosi emininzi, kuquka i-60. Baba yinxalenye Voronezh kunye Bryansk ezimbalwa. Uhlaselo lokuqala baqalisa kaJanuwari 24, 1943.

Ukukhokela ekuqaleni kwimpuma Voronezh yaba Ivan Chernyakhovsky. Biography kanye nempumelelo mkhosi izindululo zakhe kakhulu eethenda kunye Stalin. 25 soMthetho 60 Army wangena Voronezh kunye ngokupheleleyo ayibulale kubahlaseli. Phakathi kwale dolophu kunye Kastornov Sasingqongwe imikhosi lutshaba enkulu, kuqukwa nezindlu ezimbini Hungarian. Phantsi kwezi meko, safumana umyalelo ukuphuhlisa lohlaselo ngamandla enkulu de umgca ngaphambili akukho ngcono. Ngoko ke, iiyunithi Soviet, kuquka Army Chernyakhovsky, bafudukela phambili waya Stary Oskol, Kursk kunye eKharkov. Ngelo xesha, i Army 38th wayeza Nokwethisa singqongwe bangamajoni Reich kunye namahlakani ayo. Unxibelelwano zezi yunithi zozibini zinqumkile, baba ukuzikhusela. Ngelo xesha, 60 Februwari 8 Army wangena Kursk. Ndandikho apho Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich, ogama Ibhayografi natyetyiswa omnye umsebenzi ngempumelelo. NgoMatshi, amajoni akhe Diet River.

Amalungiselelo Battle of Kursk

Impumelelo ye-Red Army ukuvunyelwa ukuba baqale ukulungiselela Idabi Kursk. Matshi 26 Ivan Danilovich kunye neeyunithi yabo lwabelwa Central Front. engemveleli wakhe Rokossovsky wachukunyiswa kwabazana kunye jikelele oselula. Pole kamva wathetha ngayo ezintle kuphela.

Xa ukuziphendulela of the Kursk ukwa-, 60 Army kwaba phezu ezincotsheni ephakeme. Ukuya ekunene ngu yinxalenye baht uLieutenant-Jikelele kunye ekhohlo - phantsi kweliso amajoni Chibisova. Ngoxa babemise endaweni Chernyakhovsky (biography ogama kuquka iindidi travel) babehamba yonke imizana basekuhlaleni, ezibe kufuphi ngaphambili. Akubangakho indawo enye, leyo wayengazi. Uhlalutyo olunzulu ntoni kwaye kufuneka sazi iinkcukacha bekusoloko iimpawu zayo ebalaseleyo.

uqeqesho Aviation ekhubekisayo German kwaqala nge-6 Julayi. Commander von Kluge wakhokela uhlaselo kwicandelo Reich, kodwa impumelelo bakhe encinane kakhulu. Ayikwazanga ukuhambisa ngeekhilomitha ezili-10 kuphela, nto leyo nditsho inxalenye encinane walungisa phambi band (malunga ne-100 km).

Rhoqo kusasa nangokuhlwa kwakukho kwecala i-High Umyalelo, apho ngqwayi zomkhosi ingxelo ngobume bemicimbi kwisiza eziphaphazelayo. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho General Chernyakhovsky. Biography yasemkhosini izele iintlanganiso kunye neengxoxo, xa isiphelo amakhulu amawaka amajoni.

balwe

Oku kwalandelwa edabini itanki e Prokhorovka, ababulala eyona ndawo umkhosi waseJamani. Yaba kokuwa kunye ekuweni lwamaNazi "kwinqaba iShushan" sicwangciso. Sele 23 inani imikhosi Soviet balwe babuyela yonke into yathinjwa amaJamani ngexesha lohlaselo yegazi zabo. Agasti 5 ngenyanga isixeko Orel kunye Belgorod zabuyiselwa emva kokuqalisa i-Battle of Kursk.

Ngelo xesha linye i-Army 60 wahlala ngasemva, belindele ithuba labo ukuya phambili kwi Ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine. Amajoni, abo bachitha iinyanga eziliqela emingxunyeni, bezimisele imfazwe. Le imvakalelo evezwa kunye Chernyahovskiy Ivan Danilovich. biography elifutshane Jikelele ngokoqobo dazzles ngathi ziintsuku ungavumi kulalela imingxuma.

Ngelo xesha, eMoscow okokuqala ngexesha lemfazwe kwango iifireworks lokubhiyozela ukubuya kwezixeko Russian. Ekugqibeleni, phakathi ku-Agasti oko kwabangelwa Chernyakhovsky kunye Rokossovsky wafumana imiyalelo entsha kwinqanaba lohlaselo.

August 30 lohlaselo ekuphuhliseni wathathwa Glukhov. Ngaphambi kwaba nomda Ukraine. Kule ngosuku olulandelayo Chernyakhovsky ikwazile phambili leekhilomitha 60. AmaJamani baba ezikhawulezayo ukushiya kwizikhundla zabo. Le jikelele wayengazi uxolo emva. Yena njalo besuka hlula omnye komnye, ngelithi kwikomkhulu imaphu, ukufumana imiyalelo kule migca yefoni yocingo, nto leyo maxa wambi ziye zasekwa kwimimandla ekwanti.

NgoSeptemba, iyabuya kwezinye mzi: Konotop, Bamach kunye Nizhyn. NgoNovemba 1st Ukrainian Front yasekwa. Chernyakhovsky, biography wakhe waba ngumzekelo omhle abanye abathetheli, wathabatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi emininzi. Wawuza ukuwela Dnieper, Kiev waza wakhululwa amakhulu iindawo ekunene-yebhanki Ukraine.

OyiNtloko 3 Byelorussian Front

October 17, 1943 Biography of Jikelele Chernyakhovsky yabalasela ngesiganeko esibalulekileyo. Igosa yawongwa kwisihloko Hero eSoviet Union inkalipho xa bathe bawela Dnieper. Ngoko ke igosa xa eneminyaka engama-37, wamiselwa injengele Front 3 Belorussian. Waba ngumntu omncinane kwi Red Army, sanikwa uxanduva ezinjalo. Le mpumelelo nanto kuye kwafezekiswa nzima umsebenzi, inkalipho kunye wit. Biography of Jikelele Chernyakhovsky, isimiso, negalelo kakhulu kule njongo.

Kwingingqi entsha Ivan Danilovich inxaxheba kwinkululeko izixeko ezibalulekileyo ezifana Vitebsk, Minsk kunye Vilnius. Chernyakhovsky wabuyela kwindawo enye apho wadibana Patriotic iMfazwe Enkulu. Emva kummandla Soviet Baltic isusiwe zabahlaseli, phambi waya kummandla eJamani.

ukufa

February 18, 1945 Chernyakhovsky weza phantsi umlilo emotweni yakhe. Kwathi ngaphandle komzi Melzak (ise-East Prussia). Naye imoto nangoku kwaba bantu-4, kanti ke akuhlanjululwanga namnye kubo, yaba buhlungu. Kwakungekho monakalo ebalulekileyo imoto.

Kukho ubungqina bokuba biography of Chernyahovskogo I. D. wamnika ithuba ukuhambisa inkonzo ngakumbi. Ngokomzekelo, Kwikomkhulu Jikelele wayelungiselela umthetho phezu ewonga kuye isihloko Marshal eSoviet Union, kodwa akazange avumele ukufa ngaphambi umyalelo ukupapasha iphepha. umzimba jikelele wangcwatyelwa Vilnius. Kamva (ngo-1992) kuyo ndatshintshelwa ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, eMoscow.

Le inkumbulo Chernyakhovsk

Kungekudala emva kokuphela kwemfazwe emva Jikelele kokuba uqambe isixeko German ka Insterburg, ebizwa Chernyakhovsk. Watshintshelwa eSoviet Union, njengoko waba e East Prussia (ngoku kummandla Kaliningrad).

Jikelele Chernyakhovsky impilo yakho iye subordinated ngokupheleleyo umkhosi nemfazwe. Nolutsha ukuba semkhosini, yena, nangona kunjalo, watshata ngempumelelo. Usapho wayenabantwana ababini - unyana kunye nentombi. ubomi Personal Chernyakhovsky nomdla abaninzi. umsebenzi wakhe meteoric iqale, wayeka ebudeni esibulalayo, nabagxeki ezininzi sicacisa uqhagamshelwano e GHQ. Kodwa ke ngokuqinisekileyo hayi akunjalo. lijoni Young waba phezu Crest, ibe sengozini kunye nenye, kuba phezu olwandulela imfazwe, i-Red Army ezilahlekileyo abaninzi yeenjengele zabo abathetheli ngexesha uthe Stalin kaThixo. izikhundla ezingenabantu zaye kuhlaliwe ngenxa entsha, amatsha-isizukulwana zomkhosi ngenkuthalo kwaye aneziphiwo, nakuba.

Biography Chernyakhovsky, ogama iifoto badla ezibanjiswe imfazwe kumaphepha-ndaba Soviet, yaba izinto elisemagqabini iincwadi ezininzi ubuzwe. Le memory of Jikelele igcinwe USSR ngenkathalo ezizodwa, kwakunye yonke into enxulumene elo xesha lobunzima.