Svyatoslav, Prince of Kiev: umfanekiso kunye kwabalinganiswa

Inani of Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolovicha - omnye kakhulu ezimibalabala kunye umdla phakathi kwabalawuli lwekhulu Russia XII. Maxa wambi, walawula ukhenketho Vladimir-Volyn, Novgorod-Seversky, Chernigov naseKiev. Amaphulo wamajoni Svyatoslav eyihamba yonke iRashiya, batyelela emaqeleni kude lasemzantsi waza waqalisa asongele Polovtsy ephila.

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Future Prince Svyatoslav wazalwa malunga 1123 entsatsheni Vsevoloda Olgovicha, owayelawula e Chernigov, uze emva koko eyayiseKiev. Eneneni ukuba kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XII, phambi kokuba ekugqibeleni bengatshatanga Old Russian yaphela ibe izilawuli elinesibini. Ngamnye kubo ilawulwa yi kwisebe elithile le Rurik.

Svyatoslav fanele ku Olgovich - njalo kuxokwa nolahlo ngokubanzi azalwe, ngubani walawula Chernigov. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yakhe Kiev nangoku ngegama ingqalelo isixeko eziphambili Russia, kunye yonke intsapho enkulu feudal bazama wammisa phezu kolawulo. Uyise Vsevolod Svyatoslav wakwenza oko ngo-1139. Yena uNyana wathumela irhuluneli kuqala kwi-Tour, uze - uVladimir-Volyn. Ngoko ke umfana wavuka amava yakhe yokuqala yesibhovubhovu.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokuxabana

Vsevolod Olgovich wafa ngo-1139. Emva kokufa kwakhe Baqala umzabalazo wezigalo ngenxa etroneni Kiev. Ucwangco ubudala, xa unyana omdala ezihlangwini uyise, yatshatyalaliswa, yaye ngoku ngenxa ubulawuli engundoqo Russian ibango nezikhulu eziliqela. ezihlangwini Vsevolod yaba umninawa wakhe Igor Olgovich. Noko ke, le ndinganelisekanga Izyaslav Mstislavovich, uyise lawo elake Kiev.

Ngubani na Igor Kiev prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich? Yaba kuyisekazi, Umtshana ke wahlala isalamane sakhe. Noko ke, kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva kokuba anyukele etroneni, Igor wabhukuqwa Izyaslav amthumele weemonki. Emva kwexesha elithile, indela konke wabulawa ebudeni kwimvukelo ethandwa eyayiseKiev.

Waqalisa ukulawula esixekweni Izyaslav Mstislavovich wathi imfazwe uYuri Dolgoruky le Rostov-Suzdal ukubusa. Kwakhona zazidlala ukuba alawule phezu eKiev. Svyatoslav kwi ungquzulwano ixhaswe Izyaslav, ngubani umalume wakhe koomama, wamnika lilifa Volyn imizi emininzi.

in Chernihiv

Ngowe-1157-1164 gg. imithetho Svyatoslav ukufa kayisekazi Svyatoslav Olegovich Novgorod-Seversky, yaye emva kokuba sifunyenwe Chernigov - isiphelo engundoqo yebala lakhe. Prince wayesoloko inkqubo ezimeleyo. Ngowe-1169, akazange inkxaso Andreya Bogolyubskogo (ukusuka Vladimir) kwimfazwe layo eKiev. Isiphumo lo mkhankaso ukuphanga ibonwe kwisixeko samandulo natyebileyo.

Against Kiev (olawulwa Mstislav Izyaslavovich) united yonke imbumba wabathetheli. Oku kuquka Svyatoslav losapho - abazala, Igor kunye Oleg Seversk, yaye omnye kuphela Svyatoslav wala ukuba nenxaxheba imbambano yamakhaya.

Emva kokutshatyalaliswa Kiev akazange adlale indima enkulu Russia (yena waya kwisixeko Rostov kunye Vladimir) Noko ke, wahlala ithambo abaxabana Asiyindawo yezidwangube ezininzi esemazantsi. Ngowe-1173 isixeko waqalisa ibango Jaroslav Izyaslavovich. Svyatoslav ayizange imenze ukuxhasa waza wathabatha umzi ixesha elide. Ukuphendula imfazwe kuyo waphuma nomzala Oleg, ekungqingweni ka Starodub.

Svyatoslav naye akazange ahlale waza wathabatha ekungqingweni nasekuxinweni ka Novgorod-Seversky. Kuphela ngomzuzu wokugqibela na ungquzulwano kwakhula enkulu-scale imfazwe yamakhaya. Prince Svyatoslav wemka eKiev, emva kwako konke, ukulahlekelwa kwakhe Jaroslav Izyaslavovichu wabuyela Chernigov noxolo kunye nomzala.

Ungqubano Rostislavich

Njengezinye iinkosana esemazantsi, Svyatoslav ayekwimeko yemfazwe rhoqo Polovtsy, amalungiselelo ukuhlasela emibi kwiidolophu umda kunye needolophana. Ngowe-1176, ingqokelela ezininzi Rurik yoyiswa emathafeni, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuphanga entsha mibi. Svyatoslav, kuloo phulo akazange athathe inxaxheba, wabuza ukuba iNkosana elilandelayo Kiev Roman Rostislavovich ndayihluthwa welifa lakhe, umzalwana omncinane kaDavide, unetyala ngesiphumo aluphumelelanga edabini nxamnye mbuya.

Umlawuli we-capital yamandulo avume ukohlwaya olandelayo yakhe inyama. Endaweni yoko, i inoveli wanyanzelwa ukuba ukunika Svyatoslav of Kiev. Kungekudala ngokwenene Chernigov prince bafudukela kweenxweme Dnieper. Noko ke, kule ndawo entsha, waba ezinzima kakhulu. Nangona Svyatoslav eziphantsi naseKiev, lonke ilizwe Kiev a lot of iinqaba needolophu yelo kubazalwana eziliqela Rostislavich ngabanini, ngaphandle kokuba ngakumbi ESmolensk.

ukulahleka okwethutyana Kiev

Ngowe-1180 Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Kievsky waqalisa imfazwe nxamnye Rostislav. abethe emzini kaDavide, kodwa walahlekelwa ixeshana, eKiev, apho, xa engekho umhlambi wakhe Rurik (kwakhona Rostislavich). Nangona imithetho Svyatoslav kwi kweenxweme Dnieper kangangeminyaka eliqela, uye wanikel 'ingqalelo iimfuno Chernigov ubulawuli zakowabo. Kungenxa yoko le nto yokulahleka Kiev akazange hit nzima ngenxa yamathuba kumkani.

Emva e Chernigov, Prince waqalisa ukulungiselela koqhubekeko imfazwe Rostislavich. Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona kunjalo, ukuba a iqela elitsha - ekunene kwi Vladimir Vsevolod Nest Big. Le prince vusa imfazwe nxamnye irhuluneli yaseRoma i Ryazan Glebovich - ally nonyana-in Svyatoslav.

Ukusuka Chernigov Vsevolod kwafika oonozakuzaku awayezama ukusombulula ingxabano. Xa intloko igqiza wazala unyana Svyatoslav Gleb. Vsevolod wathimba grand prince mthinjwa ukuba eneneni yokuvakalisa imfazwe. Kwiziganeko eyalandelayo ngokucacileyo watyhila Svyatoslav kuphawu Vsevolodovich. Yena wayengoyiki bonke bokulwa bendawonye izilawuli eziliqela wagqiba kuqala ukuthatha inyathelo ezandleni zabo.

Babehamba e North-Eastern Russia

Banike Vsevolod bangase bahlaselwe kuphela elizweni lakhe. Ke Svyatoslav wenza, ukuqalela ngo-1181 adumileyo yakhe Northern uhambo, ngexesha apho wakhokela umkhosi baboyisa umendo 2000 leekhilomitha. Eli phulo yazinyaswa ngabo bonke isizalwane, leyo ukuba Svyatoslav kuphela. Trubčeŭsk Prince, iNkosana Seversky, inkosana Kursk kunye nabanye Olegovichy wema phantsi kwebhanile enye.

Inxalenye yomkhosi ehlangeneyo ngasekhohlo Svyatoslav e Chernigov xa kuhlaselwa Rurik Rostislavich. imikhosi Key efanayo bafudukela ukuya Vladimir. Vsevolod nomkhosi Svyatoslav wadibana phezu kweendonga icala ubhaqo. Idabi akazange athathe indawo. Prince Vladimir womelela ezintabeni, apho uhlaselo ke udidekile kakhulu. Vsevolod ngokwakhe naliphi na inyathelo esebenzayo ithinjiwe. Ngenxa yoko, Svyatoslav ngenxa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo wajika kwelinye icala, phantsi endleleni Uvuthise kwidolophu encinane Dmitrov.

Kwakhona e Kiev

Emva kokuhamba North-Eastern Russia, Chernigov umkhosi waya esixekweni Drutsk apho zokungqinga wajika Davyd Rostislavich. Prince wakwazi ukubaleka, kodwa ngaphandle Svyatoslav umzabalazo waya eKiev, apho ngeli xesha waba ngumthetheli imithetho de kwasekufeni kwakhe. Chernihiv wamnika umninawa wakhe Jarosław.

Esi siganeko yokugqibela imfazwe yamakhaya kwabakho ukulwa phakathi kumaqela Svyatoslav kunye Rurik. Rostislavich iphumelele. Ngaloo ndlela ke kwabuyiselwa imeko. Rurik waqonda ukuba Svyatoslav - Prince of Kiev, kodwa igcinwe lonke ilizwe Kyïv, ngaphandle kwikomkhulu ngokwayo. Vsevolod Nest Big noxolo kwaphethwa. Ngowe-1183 Sviatoslav Army iye inxaxheba kwiphulo le Prince Vladimir kwi iVolga Bulgaria.

Kwemfazwe Polovtsy

Ekugqibeleni waba iNkosana of Kiev, Sviatoslav bajolise kwi ekulweni isisongelo ephambili uxolo Russia - Polovtsy. imfazwe zembujiswano andzise kuphela imeko - abasemathanga tsakela ku inxaxheba imbambano njengoko mercenaries, ayifikela ilizwe ukuzikhusela de Rurik babexakekile kukucacisa ulwalamano lwabo. Ngoxa khans inamandla Polovtsian baba Kobyak kunye Konchak. Svyatoslav wathi imfazwe phezu kwabo. Ngowe-1184, wayiqhubela ingqokelela iinkosana ezininzi (eziquka kuquka Rurik Rostislavich) woyisa emathafeni phezu lomlanjana Khorol. inqwaba nikhokelwa Polovtsian waba Konchak. Nguye kuphela bakuqaphele wakwazi ukubaleka size siphephe ukuba abulawe.

Isinde Khan Kobyakov. hlokondiba yakhe nayo kwaphulwa iphulo ngempumelelo squad Russian. Svyatoslav iphumelele uloyiso yesibini Aurelie emlanjeni. Kobyak yathinjwa yaye kamva wabulawa eyayiseKiev. Emva kokuba iziganeko ka 1185 Polovtsy hayi alingenele ilizwe njengenkosana ngakumbi. namabutho zabo wabonakala eRashiya kuphela ukuba aqeshwa njengoko mercenaries ababandakanyekayo feuds Rurik.

Nangona uloyiso Svyatoslav, kungekudala iindaba ezibuhlungu bafika e Kiev. nomzala wakhe Igor, ngubani walawula Novgorod-Seversky, wagqiba ekubeni barhuqe emva isalamane waya uhambo Woyahlulela entlango. Ngowe-1185 Cumans oyisa squad, nesikhulu ngokwakhe ekuthinjweni. Kungekudala bayahlelwa umzala wafumanisa Svyatoslav. "Lay" (imveliso engundoqo iincwadi Old Russian) isixelela nje ngeziganeko kwephulo aluphumelelanga. Svjatoslav ngokuchaseneyo isalamane nelishwa lo mbongo obuvezwa ngumlawuli elumkileyo ubhishophu bonke osemazantsi Neendwalutho.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Ngowe-1187, wafa prince Galician Yaroslav Osmomysl. Emva kokufa kwakhe ilifa umzabalazo elibukhali kuba South-West of Russia. Impixano wawunzima yi yokuba iphazamisa kunye Hungarian uKumkani Bela III. Wathabatha galich, waza wacela ukuba adlulisele zizityebi mzi Gleb, unyana Svyatoslav.

Prince of Kiev wayeza ukunika imvume yabo, kodwa oku akuzange singafani Rurik Rostislavich. Ukuxabana phakathi kwakhe Svyatoslav kukhokelele kwinto yokuba ixesha elifutshane eseGalicia kumiselwa unyana Yaroslav Osmomysl Vladimir, ngubani ingqalelo umkhululi wazo Vsevolod Nest Big.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba Svyatoslav kwakhe kokufa weza bangquzulane nabathetheli Ryazan, lowo Olegoviches naziphi na iimbambano umda. War, Noko ke, ayizange yenzeke. Ryazanschine waba kwicandelo eziphembelela Vsevolod Nest Big. Wala ukunika imvume Svyatoslav embonakalweni nabalindi bakhe kufutshane imida yayo. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-1194 i-Prince of Kiev uye mayiyekwe zicwangciselwe ukuba ahambe waza wafa kungekudala emva koko. Ukufa Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, engundoqo uzinzo kunye noxolo eMzantsi eRashiya, iye yakhokelela kwenye imfazwe yamakhaya phakathi Olegovichy ne Rostislavichi.