Panzer Division. Panzer Division kunye USSR

Kumashumi eminyaka emva kwemfazwe ye cinema Soviet kuye wadala kakhulu movie iziganeko kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Inkoliso yabo indlela enye okanye omnye wachukumisa phezu mxholo nentlekele kwehlobo ka 1941. Izehlo apho amaqela amancinane wamajoni Red Army, yambethe umpu phezu kwemilwelwe embalwa, sihoyane hulk enkwantyisayo usongo (indima yabo Ndandidlala alekwe ngamaplanga T-54 okanye ezinye oomatshini mihla), sadibana kule bhanya rhoqo kakhulu. Ngaphandle ibuza nanobukroti Red Army, atsho kaHitler umatshini imfazwe, exabisa zihlaziya eminye dennye manani zifikeleleke ukuze umfundi mihla ngubani na onomdla kwimbali. Kwanele ukuba ukuthelekisa isakhiwo rhoqo ukwahlulwa itanki ye eSoviet Army kunye Wehrmacht, ukuqinisekisa ukuba amandla zwilakhe yamajoni ngegcisa elinye isiliva umfanekiso a ngokubaxwa ezimbalwa. Nomgangatho wethu ophezulu kwaye kubekho inzuzo oluninzi, kubonakala kakhulu kwisiqingatha sesibini imfazwe.

Imibuzo ukuba iphendulwe

Panzer Division wafuna eMoscow, ebanjwe odumileyo Panfilov wabo okanye akukho inkampani edumileyo enye, kwaye maxa wambi ngokwahlukana. Kutheni na ukuze kwenzeke ukuba lizwe, eyayibanjelwe kwemizi-mveliso, nabaphethwe cyclopean amathuba ezoshishino kunye zokhuselo, baphulukana kwiinyanga zokuqala ezintandathu yemfazwe inxalenye enkulu ummandla wayo kwaye izigidi zabemi, wayithimba, ezilinyaziweyo, yaye abafileyo? Mhlawumbi amaJamani ethile neetanki kangakanani? Okanye Isakhiwo sombutho we iiyunithi imishini wamajoni igqithile eSoviet? Lo mbuzo Ukwacinga abemi bethu ukuba kwizizukulwana ezithathu post-imfazwe. Icandelo zwilakhe ezifanayo German itanki eyahlukileyo kweyethu?

Ubume imikhosi Soviet vehicles ngo-1939-1940.

De June 1939, i-Red Army waba angaphathi ezine itanki. Emva kokuba uSekela Abantu Commissar lezoKhuselo E. A. Kulik wakhokela ikhomishini ukuba ihlole imisebenzi Lwabasebenzi Jikelele, waqalisa ngokuhlanganisa inkqubo yokungeniswa na uhlobo-mkhosi. Izizathu utshintsho Isakhiwo package unako elithekelelwayo kuphela, kodwa umphumo waba indalo 42 amaqela itanki, nabaphethwe ngokulandelelanayo, iziqwenga ambalwa kwezixhobo. Kungenzeka, injongo nguqulelo yaba ukuphunyezwa lihlaziya kunokwenzeka imfundiso emkhosini, ebonelela ukwenza nzulu angena imisebenzi zobuchule ekhubekisayo. Noko ke, sele ekupheleni konyaka kwi-odolo ngqo I. V. Stalina, le nto iye yahlaziywa. Endaweni imikhosi kwasekwa angaphathi hayi ngaphambili vehicles and imishini. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, ngoJuni 1940, inani wayefike ezisithoba. Ubume ngalinye le abasebenzi amagalelo 2 itanki 1 ezizimoto Division. Itanki, nayo, liqulethe oku regiments, nomkhosi ezizimoto, zokudubula kunye netanki ezimbini ngqo. Ngenxa yoko, imishini lweSizwe waba amandla ukuloyisa. Yena waba ngenqindi transport (ngaphezu kwewaka oomatshini bayingozi) kunye enkitheni eninzi zokudubula kunye nenkxaso nomkhosi zonke izibonelelo eziyimfuneko, ukuqinisekisa umsebenzi ebalulekileyo ziyindlela omkhulu.

amacebo eyandulela

division itanki yiSoviet kwexesha eyandulela yambethe koomatshini 375. A ukwandiswa elula eli nani ngo-9 (inani kwibutho labasebenzi imishini) ilandelwe yi-2 (inani ekwahlukaneni istili) unika isiphumo - 6750 izithuthi vehicles. Kodwa loo nto bonke. In efanayo 1940 izahlulo ezibini ezahlukeneyo kwasekwa, itanki kakhulu. Ke iziganeko baqala ukuphuhlisa kunye impetuosity esingaphephekiyo. Kanye kwiinyanga ezine phambi kokuba ukuhlasela eJamani lwamaNazi, Red Army Jikelele Abasebenzi wagqiba kwelokuba amise amashumi amabini ngaphezulu angaphathi imishini. Esi sicwangciso kukuba kubetheleleke ngokupheleleyo umyalelo eSoviet akazange abe nexesha, kodwa inkqubo sele iqalile. Oku kungqinwa inani 17 lomzimba, zazifumanayo ngo-1943 inani 4. Itanki Kantemirovskaya ICandelo waba ezihlangwini uzuko zomkhosi kule yunithi enkulu emkhosini nangoko emva uloyiso.

Ubunyani lwezicwangciso Stalin kaThixo

29 angaphathi imishini ka ngamaqela amabini, kunye ngamnye ababini. Iyonke 61. Kwimeko nganye kwezi zengqesho units 375, 28 kuphela amawaka 375 kwiitanki. Nantso sicwangciso. Yaye eneneni? Mhlawumbi la manani kuphela iphepha kunye Stalin nje wayefuna ukuba bajonge kubo, nogwali yakhe edumileyo ukutshaya?

Ukususela ngoFebruwari 1941, i-Red Army of angaphathi imishini ezisithoba beziphantse 14,690 itanki. Ngowe-1941, ishishini ukhuselo eSoviet zavelisa iimoto 6590. Indibaniso la manani, Kakade ke, ngaphantsi kwe-29 ezifunekayo izakhiwo (nokuba 61 Panzer Division) iiyunithi-28 375, kodwa intsingiselo jikelele ibonisa ukuba isicwangciso jikelele wenziwe. yaqala Imfazwe, nangengqwalasela enkulu, hayi zonke izityalo itektala nako ukumelana ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. ixesha elifunekayo ukuze aqhube ngobungxamo engxamisekileyo, kodwa iLeningrad "Kirovets" ngokubanzi kwi kwafa. Yaye waqhubeka ukusebenza. Enye giant itrektara-vehicles, HTZ, waye awayephantsi kwamaNazi eKharkov.

Germany phambi kwempi

amajoni Panzerwaffe ngexesha ayehlasela eSoviet Union wandivelisa amatanki isixa lamaqhosha 5639. Heavy wayengekho phakathi kwabo, T-I, ifakiwe kule nombolo (bekukho 877), kunganxulunyaniswa ngaphezulu ukuya tančík. Ekubeni iJamani ilwa kwezinye fronts, kunye uHitler wayefuna ukuqinisekisa ubukho imikhosi yayo Western Yurophu nxamnye eSoviet Union, wathumela yonke yeentonga zakhe, kodwa ke eyona nto, malunga 3330 oomatshini zabaMnyama. Ngaphandle ngentla TI amaNazi kwamatanki Czech (772 ii-PC.) Ekubeni yokulwa neempawu ephantsi kakhulu. Zonke izixhobo phambi kokuba imfazwe yadluliselwa esanda wadala kumaqela amane itanki. Esi sikimu lombutho yaba ngokwayo ngexesha ndlongo eYurophu, kodwa eSoviet Union kwaba kuphumelele. Endaweni yoko, amaqela baseJamani zaye ngokukhawuleza amalungiselelo imikhosi, ngalinye leyo umzimba 2-3. amaqela itanki Wehrmacht ezaxhobela ngo-1941, malunga nama-160 izithuthi vehicles. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba phambi kokuba uhlaselo waseUSSR, inani lazo liye ngokuphindwe kabini, ngaphandle ukwandisa fleet zizonke, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ekuncipheni ubume ngamnye kubo.

1942. Pantsergrenaderskie regiments yoqhekeko itanki

Ukuba e angoJuni nangoSeptemba 1941, imikhosi yaseJamani ngokukhawuleza phambili nzulu kumhlaba eSoviet, yi lohlaselo ekwindla kwathotha. impumelelo yokuqala, kubonakala kwindawo lithe tso macandelo umda, nto leyo iye ukusuka kuJuni 22 ukuya phambili, ukutshatyalaliswa ze iwuthimbe isitokhwe enkulu oluBomvu Army, kokuba kuthinjwe inani elikhulu wamajoni zobungcali kunye nezo njengele, ekugqibeleni waqala bephelelwa isakhono sabo. Ngo-1942, inani iimoto zabasebenzi zaye zaziswa ezimakhulu mabini, kodwa ke ngenxa yokuba i-ilahleko enkulu ayenzekanga ukugcina kwicandelo ngalinye. Itanki armada Wehrmacht walahlekelwa ngaphezu akwazi ukufumana njenge gcwalisa. Komele baqalisa kwakhona pantsergrenaderskie (bona ngokuqhelekileyo ezimbini), nto leyo kakhulu ibonisa ukwakhiwa kwawo. Icandelo elihamba kuqala ukwanda.

1943, Adjustment Structural

Ngenxa yoko, iyantlukwano German (itanki) ngo-1943 ibe regiments ezimbini pantsergrenaderskih. Bekucingelwa ukuba nomkhosi ngasinye kufuneka sibe iinkampani ezintlanu (4 umpu kunye sapper 1), kodwa practice anyangwe ezine. Yi ehlotyeni imeko wawa, webutho, itanki yonke ibekwe kuloo kwicandelo (omnye) kwaba lomthobo nomkhosi lamatanki Pz Kpfw IV, nangona eli xesha inkonzo kwakukho "Panther» Pz Kpfw V, leyo esele ingabalelwa kwiklasi matanki medium of. Indlela entsha ngokukhawuleza weza phambi evela eJamani neobkatannoy rhoqo lutshitshe. Oku kwenzeka phakathi ngamalungiselelo "Operation akamsalisela", oko kukuthi, Idabi adumileyo Kursk. 4. Division Tank wayefana unit basic Committe yayahlukile isiqulatho eninzi zobugcisa, ukususela ezimotweni 149 ukuya-200 ngo-1944, amaJamani phezu imikhosi Mpuma itanki Front. Kulo nyaka mnye imikhosi kwitanki okunene yayeka ukuba, baza baqalisa ukuhlengahlengisa yesiqhelo.

amaqela SS kunye ithathele ezahlukeneyo

Inguqu kunye lenguqulelo olwaqhubeka Panzerwaffe kwanyanzeleka. Material badla ubunzima evela ilahleko empini, wazidiliza, kwaye icandelo le Wesithathu, waba nokungabi kwezibonelelo, andiyi abanalo ixesha zilibuyise ukwehla. Koomatshini abanzima kweentlobo ezintsha (ACS-mlilo "jagdpanther", "jagdtiger" "uFerdinand" kunye itanki "uKumkani Tiger") ukwenza ithathele ezikhethekileyo, bayinxalenye izahlulo itanki, njengoko umthetho, akaphumelelanga. Utshintshwano nawo phantse akukho SS Panzer Division, zithathwa ukuba abakhethekileyo. Bekukho abantu abasixhenxe:

• "Adolf Gitler» (№ 1).
• "Das Reich» (№ 2).
• "Intloko» Dead (№ 3).
• "Viking» (№ 5).
• "Gogenstaufen» (№ 9).
• "Frundsberg» (№ 10).
• "Hitleryugend» (№ 12).

ithathele ngamnye kunye SS Panzer Division wasebenzisa General Staff Isijamani zolondolozo ezikhethekileyo ezabelwe macandelo ingozi ngaphambili apha eMpuma kunye West.

izigaba itanki Soviet

Imfazwe zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini luphawulwa iziseko ungquzulwano resource. Nangona impumelelo onomtsalane Wehrmacht ngo-1941-1942, ukuqonda German iingcaphephe zomkhosi zingadlulanga iinyanga ezintathu emva kokuba kuhlaselwe eSoviet Union ngenxa becala olo loyiso akusekho kunokwenzeka, kwaye linethemba ngenxa ilize. Blitzkrieg kwi USSR akazange ukulayisha. Industries, nto leyo ithe ngobungxamo elikhulu-isikali, osebenza kuloo ngamandla ngokupheleleyo, ngokubonelela omninzi yokulwa phambi kwizinga eliphezulu zobugcisa. Kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa isakhiwo rhoqo kufuneka iikhompawundi umkhosi eSoviet azizange.

Guards Tank Division (kunye nezinye kufana akukho, yinto ngesiqu enikwe onke lemka kuyo iiyunithi yokulwa ngaphambili in advance) zigqitywe ngo-1943, inani leeyunithi-yexesha elizeleyo. Abaninzi kubo kwasekwa ngokusekelwe loovimba. Umzekelo i transport Division 32th ye-Red Banner of Poltava, wadala ngokusekelwe kwi 1st indize Corps ekupheleni kuka-1942 waza wafumana inani lokuqala 9. iquka, ngaphandle regiments rhoqo vehicles bekusekho 4 (nomkhosi amathathu, omnye zokudubula), kunye kunye antitank nomkhosi, injineli nomkhosi, unxibelelwano inkampani, kwesimo kunye imichiza zokhuselo.