Umphengululi Klavdiy Ptolemey. anika umdla

Phakathi amaGrike amandulo lo ungumzekeliso ozise eyaziwayo Klavdiy Ptolemey. olunika umdla nobomi umphengululi abonisa ingqondo yakhe enkulu iyakwazi ezahlukahlukeneyo Sciences. Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi, nabakhwitsi, ingcali yezibalo, esiphambili. Ukongeza kwezi nkalo kwezomculo, wafunda waza wasebenza umbono yokumiwa komhlaba.

Ngubani na Klavdiy Ptolemey?

Malunga ubomi umphengululi yamandulo yamaGrike uyazi phantse nto. ngobomi bakhe uhlala imfihlakalo mbali. Wafumana akukho imithombo ezaziza sakhunjulwa nguPtolemy, izibakala umdla nobomi le ndoda kulahleka.

Indawo kunye nomhla wokuzalwa, apho indlu awayelilungu, nokuba utshatile, nokuba abantwana aba - akwaziwa nto. Siyazi kuphela ukuba wayephila ukusuka malunga 90 ukuya 170 AD, waziwa emva 130 AD, wayengummi waseRoma, ixesha elide babehlala Alexandria (kwisithuba ukusuka 127 ukuya 151 AD.), Uphi lokubandakanyeka zokubonakala ngeenkwenkwezi.

A lot of imbambano phakathi izazinzulu ngumba wokuba ukuba yintoni uhlanga abenaso nguPtolemy. olunika umdla nobomi zezenzululwazi ukuthetha ubabalo yokuba ukuba yayizalwa kaPtolemy uhlobo yasebukhosini. Nangona kunjalo, olu guqulelo akanayo ubungqina obaneleyo.

Iinkqubo ISAZINZULU, baye basinda

Ukuze wasinda eninzi imisebenzi zenzululwazi yamaGrike amandulo. Baye baba mithombo iphambili basem- abafunda ubomi bakhe.

"Intlanganiso Enkulu" okanye "Almagest" - umsebenzi ongundoqo sisazinzulu. Lo msebenzi omkhulu iincwadi 13 ingabizwa encyclopedia ngeenkwenkwezi yamandulo. Kwakhona unalo isahluko eyahlulelwe ukuba kwizibalo, oko kukuthi nezetrigonometry.

"Optics" - iincwadi 5, amaphepha ezo zichazwe ithiyori yohlobo, le refraction semitha kunye nenkohliso ezibonwayo, malunga neempawu ukukhanya, ngomhla nezipili tyaba kwaye khaxa. Ibid uchaza imithetho reflection.

"Imfundiso ngokuvumelana" - esebenza iincwadi ezi-3. Ngelishwa, isikripthi unanamhla akazange afike. Sinako ukufunda kuphela kunye nokuphungulwa Arabic translation, awanyakazela ngayo "Harmonica" kamva yaguqulelwa Latin.

"Iincwadi Four" - umsebenzi inguqu, lobeka yokucupha Ptalomeya kubomi, banikwe ezohlukeneyo iindidi asemaphakadeni.

"Itheyibhile ngcono" - ubalo wolawulo bamaRoma,, basePersi, aseBhabhiloni kunye nookumkani Macedonian Asiriya ukususela 747 BC phezulu xesha kubomi kaKlawudiyo Kesare. Lo msebenzi sele ebaluleke kakhulu ukuze mbali. Ukunyaniseka data yayo ngokungangqalanga kuqinisekiswa yi neminye imithombo.

"Tetrabiblos" - ama enikelwe ngeenkwenkwezi, uchaza kwisindululo imizimba yasezulwini kunye nefuthe lazo imozulu kunye umntu.

"Geography" - iseti yolwazi lwejiyografi ngamakhoboka iincwadi 8.

imisebenzi ezilahlekileyo

UPtolemy wayengusosayensi olukhulu. olunika umdla zeencwadi bakhe baba umthombo enkulu yolwazi ngeenkwenkwezi de uCopernicus. Ngelishwa, ezinye izenzo zakhe zilahlekile.

Geometry - ubuncinane 2 imisebenzi ezibhaliweyo kule ndawo, imizila apho akafumaneki.

Umsebenzi ubucukubhede nazo khona. Ngokutsho encyclopedia yaseByzantium kwenkulungwane ye-10, Ptolemy nguye umbhali weencwadi 3 kule nkalo yenzululwazi. Akukho namnye kubo oye kwasinda ukusa kwixesha lethu.

Klavdiy Ptolemey: anika umdla

Isazinzulu wenze itafile ye taxi, nguye lowo kuqala wasebenzisa ukwahlulwa izidanga zibe imizuzu nemizuzwana.

Wachaza imithetho of refraction yokukhanya kufutshane kakhulu ngeziphumo lwenzululwazi mihla.

Klavdiy Ptolemey - umbhali weencwadi ezininzi reference ukuba abatsha ngelo xesha. Washwankathela imisebenzi Hipparchus - le ngeenkwenkwezi inkulu yamandulo, yayisekelwe kokuma yakhe inkwenkwezi kwikhathalogu. imisebenzi yakhe phezu kwendawo nako ukuthumela reference ezithile, apho ehlanganisa zonke ezikhoyo ngexesha ulwazi.

Kuye ezaqanjwa nguPtolemy astrolabon, nto leyo eyaba kwase le Iastrolabe yamandulo - isixhobo sokubala inkululeko.

Okunye okunika umdla malunga nguPtolemy - okokuqala unika imiyalelo kukha njani imephu yehlabathi kwi sphere. Akuthandabuzeki ukuba, umsebenzi wakhe waba isiseko indalo zomhlaba.

mbali abaninzi mihla ugxininisa ukuba uPtolemy kunganzima ukuba ngokuba nzulu. Kakade ke, wenza izinto ezifunyaniswe ezininzi ezibalulekileyo yawo, kodwa inkoliso yemisebenzi yakhe - intshumayelo ecacileyo abanobuchule obafunyanwa kunye nezinye zesayensi. Uye wenze umsebenzi yemidlalo, ukuqokelela yonke idatha kunye, ukuhlalutya nokwenza zilungiso zabo. UPtolemy yena engazange wafaka wazo phantsi kwiincwadi zakhe.