I pilot German Hartman Erih

Wonke umntu uqhelene kwanto labaqhubi Soviet Aces, wabonisa ubuqhawe bakhe ngexesha Second World War. Kodwa omncinane malunga nento yokuba abaqhubi German ixesha akukho ndlela ngaphantsi bazame zethu. Ngaphezu koko, umqhubi waseJamani Hartman Erih yi-ACE ukuba inani liphezulu uloyiso kwimbali Aviation yehlabathi. Makhe sithethe ngokweenkcukacha ngobomi bakhe.

ulutsha

Hartman Erih Alfred wazalwa Aprili 19, 1922 kwidolophu encinane Nobulumko, ezweni Württemberg. umntwana kuphela usapho Wayengenguye,-ACE yakusasa umzalwana omncinane, Alfred, kamva ke zilwe elilingwayo.

Xa imi- 20-intsapho Hartmann yagqiba ekubeni bafudukele China. Isizathu yaba indlala enkulu apho kukho intsapho eJamani ujongene ngelo xesha kukho ingxaki enkulu kwezoqoqosho. Noko ke, sele ngowe-1928, Hartman Erih, kunye nabazali bakhe kunye nomntakwabo, kwanyanzeleka ukuba abuyele kwilizwe lawo, apho kuhlala kwidolophu Weil im Schönbuch e Württemberg.

Uthando ukundiza igazi UErich kuba umama wakhe Elise Hartman wayengomnye pilot obhinqileyo lokuqala eJamani. Kule 30, waze wavula eyakhe isikolo sakhe isiwuza ukuba unyana wakhe yagqitywa ngempumelelo.

Emva kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, Hartman Erih ngowe-1936 wafumana National Institute for Education Political. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, wenza icebiso intombazana Ursula, lowo wadibana ngelixa ukufunda kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo sele Korntal. Kakade ke, yena nako ukwala umntu umdla kwaye bethembisa abaselula ezinjengezo UErich Hartmann. Iifoto zabo albhamu usapho zinokujongwa ngezantsi.

Ukuqala inkonzo

Emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, umqhubi elizayo UErich Hartmann isigqibo sokukhonza kwi Luftwaffe - Air Force Wehrmacht. Emva ngokuphumelela okhanyayo Aces German kumnqweno wakhe waya esomelela kuphela, kwaye bagqiba uqeqesho yakhe moya ngempumelelo ngo-Oktobha 1941.

Kwiinyanga zokuqala ka-1942, kunye UErich wayeqhuba iiklasi yaye efundisa enye Aces eziphezulu waseJamani - Hogan. Le nyaniso, Kakade ke, ababa kwixesha elizayo akuyi kuchaphazela iziphumo yayo emihle. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba iiklasi zabo ukulwa "Messerschmitt Bf109», naye Hartman Erih wabopha Ezinye umsebenzi wakhe njengelinge.

Ekugqibeleni, ngo-Oktobha 1942, i-ACE elizayo wathunyelwa North Caucasus njengenxalenye weThoba kwadingeka 52 Fighter kwadingeka (JG-52), nto leyo eyenzile xesha sele uzuko nodumo, ikhokelwa ngu-mkhosi yawo eDietrich Grabakom.

luck ngcono kwixesha elizayo

Kungekudala kwabakho ubhaptizo lomlilo UErich Hartmann. Akukho nto zobuqhawe okanye ebalaseleyo elizayo ACE angawenzanga. Ukwenza lo moya kunye nomcebisi wakhe ngqo Edmund Rossman, yena waphulukana emehlweni le ndoda endala. Ukongeza, lo moya ka UErich Hartmann wahlaselwa ngesiquphe le umlweli eSoviet. Kodwa kufuneka ahlawule irhafu ukuya umqhubi oselula - yena unako ukufumana kude utshaba wabeka yekhamera yakhe.

Iingcali ezininzi kamva wathi UErich Hartman nje ndoyika. Kodwa unoloyiko luphawulwa phantse bonke abaqhubi, wenza sortie wayo wokuqala, kwanabo owaba ACE elaziwayo kwixesha elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, xa moya ngakumbi UErich akazange niyoyikayo ukuthatha phezu phezulu.

kokuqala

Kodwa ke, nangona nesiqalo ngxelo imbi kangaka umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni, ekuqaleni Novemba Hartman Erih wakwazi ukufumana uloyiso lwakhe lokuqala phezu utshaba emoyeni.

Victim amabini pilot waba ukuhlaselwa moya eSoviet IL-2, nto leyo bekusoloko umchasi nzima kakhulu kwaye iyingozi pilot German. Kodwa UErich ikwazile ukumelana kakuhle kuyo. Wakwazi ukusondela utshaba moya kufutshane kangangoko kwaye benenjongo ukufumana liphole yakhe ioli. Eli cebo liqeqeshe abaqhubi abaselula ukulwa ace waseJamani Alfred Grislavsky. Kamva, yena umqhubi Hartman sele usebenzise le trick balwa olu hlobo kwezixhobo.

Noko, ndihleli nje, waba ngamafutha ngempukane ngamafutha lawo. Umgama kufutshane moya waphu- badlale joke okhohlakeleyo, namaqhekeza kulo ukohlukana device UErich. Kwanyanzeleka ukuba enze ebikhona. Kwaba isifundo elungileyo umqhubi oselula, ukuba awuqhube, emva Ngokubetha utshaba lwentaba, ndisoloko ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka wazama ukuphambukisa moya wakhe endleleni.

iyure abahle

Emva kwale ekulweni noko kulandela uthotho lamaphulo akuphumelelanga. Ngoko ke, UErich Hartmann kwiinyanga ezintathu ezizayo wakwazi knock phantsi iyunithi enye kuphela yotshaba.

Le yure uloyiso ekuza kulingwa oselula yenzeka ngexesha Idabi Kursk, kwenzeka ngoJulayi nango-Agasti 1943. Nangona isiphumo jikelele mbi edabini ukuba amajoni aseJamani, loo nto xa Eric wabonisa iziphumo onomtsalane. Emva iimfazwe Kursk emva kwakhe ekunene ndakutywina isikhundla --ACE pilot. Hartman Erih imini enye kuphela emfazweni wabonisa yoko kuyamangalisa, wadubula phantsi ezisixhenxe moya yotshaba.

Kwixesha elizayo, umqhubi kuphela kukwandisa inani uloyiso zabo. Ngexesha Agasti 1943 wadubula phantsi 43 moya eSoviet, yaye inani lawo elipheleleyo ngeli xesha sele ifikelele asithoba.

ukubaleka ngokungummangaliso

Kwenye yezi amadabi ngokulambisa ekuthinjweni UErich Hartmann. Memoirs ebhalwe yedwa, ngokuxelela ngokweenkcukacha ngesi siganeko.

Xa umqhubi waseJamani walwa kunye nabaqhubi Soviet kwabangelwa moya umonakalo esinzulu. Emva kwenye izixhobo utshaba wankqonkqoza Hartman Erih, amaqhekeza boomerang wazigquma imoto yakhe. Oku banyanzelisa ACE kumhlaba kwintsimi utshaba.

UErich benza zilungisa moya wakhe. Kodwa ke wabona ukuba kuloo ndawo apho wachitha ukulungiswa esondela ibutho lamasoldati Soviet. Ithuba kuphela ukubaleka size siphephe capture yaba ngathi ukuba wenzakele. Hartmann wasebenzisa eli thuba kakuhle. nokwenza yakhe olugqibeleleyo ukuze amajoni Red Army ukukholelwa ukuba Eric sikwimeko yokufa.

Amajoni balayishe ACE German phezu lokukhwelisa ize ithunyelwe ngelori le yunithi. Kodwa UErich, ukuphucula mzuzwana, Wehla emotweni, wabaleka. Akukho kwibhulethi ejoliswe kubantu Hartman, musa wabetha ithagethi, kodwa ngalisayo, umlindi sele kwicala waseJamani ngayo ngaphambili, yena uhlatywe umkhosi wakhe, eyavuma i-pilot mbaleki yotshaba.

Kunzima ukuba kuligweba njani ibali lokwenyaniso wamxelela UErich Hartmann. Memoirs ye elingwayo kuphela umthombo apho ihlabathi babeyazi loo nto.

inkqubela phambili

Nangona umkhosi waseJamani lweMedia kude kwemida Reich, uEric Hartman zonke umlo liye landa inani uloyiso zawo. Ekupheleni kuka-1943 inani labo wayelingana phantse omnye anamashumi mathandathu. Ngexesha Al ikwazile ukufumana njengomvuzo i Knight kaThixo Cross - umahluko liphezulu umkhosi waseJamani.

Inani elikhulu of Hartman uwina wahlwayela imbewu engathandabuzi Ukuthembeka zabo, nkqu Umyalelo High waseJamani. Kodwa kamva, uEric wakwazi ukubonisa ukuba urhano ezinjalo ubungqina boko. Ekuqaleni kuka Matshi 1944 inani moya utshaba wadubula phantsi ACE isiJamani, lagqithisa ezimakhulu mabini, yaye ngoJulayi 1, sele ifikelele angamakhulu amabini anamashumi mahlanu.

Ngeli xesha imfazwe kwindawo yokubonela yaseYurophu neemeko wangena US Air Force. Kwaye ngoku moya US, ubukhulu becala "Mustangs" kwakukho iqela ziphambili pilot waseJamani.

Kodwa ke udumo inamacala ezimbini lwemali. Kanye ku Agasti 1944, inani zoloyiso yi UErich ngaphaya ezimakhulu mathathu, waba igqala,-ACE iyimpumelelo lonke ixesha. Oko kwenza ukuba sicinge yenkokheli Wehrmacht ukuba kuthe lokufa kwakhe, le nto ukuzidimaza kakhulu umkhosi waseJamani. Kungoko ke kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni lirhoxe kule ndawo pilot edume yokulwa esebenzayo. Ubunzima obukhulu, Hartmann ikwazile ulikhusele njani ilungelo labo lokuba babe phambili.

impi Ukugqitywa

Ebutsheni bowe-1945, UErich Hartmann wanikwa umyalelo we link butho. Oku kubonakaliswa kakuhle naye kule ndawo.

yokugqibela ukulwa ace yakhe German May 8, 1945, enyanisweni, sele emva kokusayina emuva waseJamani, phezu isixeko Czechoslovak ka Brno. Ngaloo mini ke yena wazixuna phantsi ukulwa eSoviet. Kodwa, eqonda ngamampunge ukuxhathisa, ekugqibeleni Hartman kunye yokutyiwa yeyunithi yakhe kwanyanzeleka ukuba mabanikezele US hlula imikhosi exhobileyo.

emva kwemfazwe,

Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngokutsho izivumelwano phakathi abaphumeleleyo, UErich Hartmann yanikwa abaseMelika kwicala eSoviet, njengomphumi-mkhosi, abo balwa nxamnye oluBomvu Army.

ESoviet Union Hartmann yena walahlwa kanye kwiminyaka eli-10 ngamacala imfazwe. Kwaye ke iminyaka 25 sokucwangcisa uvukelo entolongweni. ngo-1955 wakhululwa kodwa ACE cishe, ngokutsho kwisivumelwano amabini phakathi USSR kunye Germany kwi kuhlelwa amabanjwa emfazwe.

Ngoko nangoko emva kokubuyela ekhaya Hartmann wabuyisa inkonzo yasemkhosini njengamagosa. Wamiselwa alimwi butho. Yokurhoxa kwe-ACE odumileyo ababesele 1970, nangona kwaqhubeka emsebenzini emva moya umfundisi.

Ukufa yamfikela Erica Hartmann September 19, 1993, xa ndandineminyaka eli-71.

Personality ACE ebalaseleyo

Hartman waphawulwa gqitha ngoogxa bakhe njengomntu kwakha nobuhlobo kunye ochwayithileyo. Yena ngokukhawuleza obuthelwe iqela elitsha kwaye usoloko ulonwabele intlonipho novelwano namaqabane. Asinguye wonke umntu ukuze ukuphumelela njengoko UErich Hartmann. Amafoto ukuba sibe ezikhoyo, kwakhona ukuqinisekisa ubungqina yobuntu bakhe kwakha nobuhlobo. Baphantse njalo yena eboniswe bencumile eholweni yaye bechwayitile, ngokufuthi nabahlobo.

Nabo wabanika Hartmann isiqhulo playful "Bubi", gama elo elithetha "Inkwenkwana". Isizathu wayemfutshane ngesithomo yakhe yokuba wakhangela abatsha ngenxa yobudala bakhe.

UErich Hartmann akazange wayethanda ukuba babandakanyeka amadabi elide yindinisa emoyeni, wakhetha ukwenza ngesiquphe yaye fast, kodwa ezikufutshane. Emva yogwayimbo, wazama ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka emfazweni, ukuba kukugubungela iingceba-moya waphu- okanye baqweqwediswa abanye abaqhubi lutshaba. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba leli cebo Hartman unako ukufikelela inani onocwangco ngolu hlobo le loyiso.

Impumelelo kunye nokubaluleka

Okwangoku, ababhali-mbali abaninzi zomkhosi biographers ngokuxilonga nomsebenzi omnye umqhubi kangaka, UErich Hartmann. Amafoto, amaxwebhu, memoirs i uncedo enkulu kulo msebenzi unzima.

UErich Hartmann unelungelo enxibe isihloko ye-ACE mkhulu lonke ixesha. Iyonke for kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, waba inxaxheba 802 iimfazwe emoyeni, apho 352 neziphumo zoloyiso ukuba kusekho iziphumo nanto. Kwangaxeshanye oko 1404 nokuhlasela kwenziwa.