Space and cosmonauts

Ebudeni bolawulo Khrushchev eSoviet Union yakhunjulwa buthuntu nje kuphela kunye nohlobo olufanayo izindlu, nombona kunye nobudlelwane. Kwaba ngexesha Nikita Khrushchev waqalisa isithuba iingalo uhlanga phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu amabini ixesha: eSoviet Union kunye United States. Cosmonauts baziwa kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba ephucukile. Yaba ukuba aba nayiqalayo esithubeni, xa kufikelela khona abantu. Umzabalazo indawo iye yaba yinxalenye ukusukuzana yenkcubeko, yembono netheknoloji phakathi kwamazwe amabini, utsho ukufundisisa yonke yaba hayi nje uhlobo emkhosini nakwisayensi, kodwa lwentlalo.

Umntu wokuqala ukuba kwISithuba kwi ukujikeleza koMhlaba iyaziwa kwihlabathi namhlanje Yu. A. Gagarin. Cosmonauts ichotshelweyo ifana amaqhawe odumileyo ibonwe zamaGrike. Baba nesibindi, ngokunyaniseka nibe ngamakroti. Balizisa ke eninzi ingqalelo, hayi nje kuphela kweli, kodwa phesheya. amazwi abo wadlula phantsi ngomlomo kwaye kukho ngumfanekiso omkhulu inkcubeko. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba moya yokuqala emajukujukwini, uYuri Gagarin watyelela kumazwe angaphezu kwama mathathu kwaye babehamba kakhulu eSoviet Union. Akumangalisi, ngokuba ubuso bakhe kunye negama baba luphawu yokwenene kwesibhengezo eSoviet Union njengoko emikhulu indawo yokuqala, benza moya swi emajukujukwini. Matshi 25, 1968, cosmonaut eSoviet ingqubekile-moya ngethuba leeseshoni zoqeqesho. Usuku lokufa ezibuhlungu Colonel Gagarin waba isijwili yesizwe.

I cosmonauts okuqala hayi amadoda kuphela. Juni 16, 1963 waya isithuba kwaye umfazi wokuqala - Valentina Tereshkova - inqanawa "Vostok-6". ESoviet Union wafuna ukuba ubukelwe cosmonaut bobabini nezijikeleza, kodwa ekugqibeleni ukhetho wawa phezu Tereshkova nje omnye. Ukukhethwa libhinqa lokuqala isithuba zenziwa njengoko ezinzima njengoko amadoda. Kwakufuneka kuchitha iintsuku ezilishumi egumbini bodwa, ukuba ondle physical eninzi aphezulu amaqondo emangalisayo, kwakunye bafumana uqeqesho iparashute kuyimfuneko. Kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuba ukhetho kwi Valentina Tereshkova wawa naye, yaye ngenxa imvelaphi yayo iklasi: ivela yintsapho-class elula, lo gama abanye contenders zivela iintsapho zabasebenzi.

cosmonautics Modern eRashiya kwisithuba ngxi kunye ophantsi ngokubhekiselele kwinkqubo space US. amaxesha Cosmonauts yobusoshiyali odumileyo kakhulu kuyaphi kunezixhobo Russian. Oku kubangelwa kunciphiso mali eyenziwe kwi ukuhlolwa kwilizwe lethu. Ngo-2009, i- uphuhliso cosmonautics baseRashiya yasetyenziswa nje 2.8 billion. Dollars, lo gama i-United States lityale kule nkalo 48,8 ezigidi. Idola.

izazinzulu ezaziwayo entsimini astronautics, ezifana uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky, kaHermann Oberth noRobert Goddard - amaqhawe ekwindawo enye. Cosmonauts kunye oosomajukujuku US ifana izithixo pop, ngoxa izazinzulu enkulu zikhohlakele. Kodwa uKonstantin Tsiolkovsky yaphakanyiswa ukusetyenziswa imijukujelwa endisabela isithuba, kwaye kaHermann Oberth wachaza imigaqo ekubalekeni enjalo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngusomajukujuku kunokuba phantse wonke. Space ukhenketho iyakhula kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ke xa umnqweno ukhathazeka ukubona i "ibhola blue" ngokobuqu musa ukuyishiya intloko yakho, kufuneka ufumane impilo entle, kwaye izigidi-63 zeerandi epokothweni yakho.