Space ukuhlola: imbali, iingxaki kunye nempumelelo

Kutshanje, abantu wangena yeminyaka yesithathu. Yintoni eza kwenzeka njani kwixesha elizayo? Inene, kukho iingxaki ezininzi ezifuna izigqibo ezibophelelayo. Ngokutsho uqikelelo wenzululwazi, ngo-2050 abemi behlabathi iya kufikelela 11 bhiliyoni nani. Man. Kwaye ke ukwanda 94% iya kuba kumazwe asakhasayo, kunye%-6 kuphela kumazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho. Ukongeza, oosonzululwazi baye bafunda ukuba isantya abalupheleyo, nto leyo eyandisa kakhulu sempilo.

Oku kukhokelela ingxaki entsha - ukunqongophala kokutya. Okwangoku, billion malunga nesiqingatha abantu yindlala. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, nyaka ngamnye malunga 50 million. Ukondla 11 bhiliyoni kuya kufuneka ukuba ube kwanokwandisa imveliso yokutya oluphindwe-10. Ukongeza, i-eneji efunekayo ukuze ubomi bonke aba bantu. Oku kukhokelela ekwandeni amafutha kunye nezinto ekrwada zokuzikhupha engxakini. Ingaba umhlaba ukugcina umthwalo onjalo?

Kwaye musa ukulibala malunga ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yokunyuka kwezinga imveliso akuxhomekekanga kuphela uyaphela izixhobo, kodwa kwakhona nokutshintsha kwemozulu-langa. Iimoto, izityalo amandla, iifektri kukhutshwe imali le carbon dioxide ukuba yi greenhouse effect ayikho kude. Ngenxa yokwanda kwamaqondo on Earth uya kuqalisa ukunyibilika zomkhenkce nokunyuka kwamaqondo amanzi olwandle. Konke oku kule mpembelelo ezingalunganga kwi imeko yoluntu. Kungase kukhokelela kwintlekele.

Ezi ngxaki ziya kukunceda ukusombulula ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Khawucinge nje ngako oko. Kukho ungahambisa izityalo ukuba bahlole Mars, iNyanga, ukuqokelela izixhobo namandla. Kwaye yonke into aya kuba yiyo apha bhanyabhanya kunye kumaphepha yesayensi.

Amandla Space

Njengangoku 90% yabo bonke amandla eziphila ezifunyenwe ngokutshiswa ipetroli amaziko ekhaya, iinjini izithuthi kunye boilers umbane. Rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-20, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kabini. Yimalini zibonelelo zoncedo zaneleyo yendalo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zethu?

Umzekelo, i-oyile efanayo? Ngokutsho uqikelelo wenzululwazi, kuya kuphela emva kweminyaka emininzi kangaka, wobeka phi na imbali ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni, oko kukuthi 50. Coal kuya kuthatha iminyaka eli-100, kunye nerhasi malunga 40. Hi ndlela, amandla enyukliya nayo inxulumene imithombo exhaustible.

Enyanisweni, enye ingxaki uphando amandla kuye ezisisigxina imi--30 yenkulungwane yokugqibela, xa indlela kwemoto of fusion yenyukliya. Ngelishwa, kusesemini lawuleki. Kodwa kwanokuba ufunde ukulilawula njani kwaye ufumane amandla hi mpimo mda, oko kuya kukhokelela ekubeni nobushushu bomhlaba kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu vuhlayiseki. Ingaba ikhona indlela yokuphuma kule meko?

ushishino-ntathu

Kakade ke, lo ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Kufuneka uphume, "-mbini" kolu shishino, "-ntathu". Oko kukuthi, zonke imfuneko lemveliso-eneji sibhinqela kudluliselwa ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba emajukujukwini. Kodwa okwangoku ukuyenza aphuhle kwezoqoqosho. Indleko yale eneji ziya kuba amaxesha 200 elingaphezulwanga kwelombane eveliswe ubushushu phezu komhlaba. Plus i imali ukumnika enkulu iza kufuna kwakhiwe izikhululo isithuba esikhulu. Ngokubanzi, kufuneka ukuba ulinde de uluntu luya kuthatha manyathelo alandelayo ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni xa izixhobo umkhondo iza kuphuculwa ize ukunciphisa iindleko zezixhobo zokwakha.

indawo ilanga

Ukutyhubela imbali yabantu-langa ulonwabele ilanga. Nakuba kunjalo, imfuno kuba nje kuphela ngexesha lasemini. kwakufuneka ubusuku elide kakhulu, ukukhanyisa izakhiwo, izitalato, amasimi ngexesha umsebenzi yezolimo (imbewu, ukuvuna), njl Kwaye intlomo yasentla ilanga akathanga kuvela esibhakabhakeni iinyanga ezintandathu. Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukwandisa iiyure emini? Liqiniseke kukudala ilanga ngumntu? phambili Namhlanje xa ukuhlolwa yenza lo msebenzi kakhulu olusebenzisekayo. Kwanele ukubeka kwindledlana iplanethi isixhobo efanelekileyo ukuze vangama ka ukukhanya on Earth. Kulo mzekelo, zingatshintshwa amandla.

Ngubani owavela kugqame?

Sinokuthi kwimbali ukuhlolwa yaqala eJamani nengcamango yokudala reflectors komhlaba, ecetywayo yi injineli German kaHermann Oberth ngo-1929. uphuhliso wayo ozakube usaqhutywa na ukuba aba lolu umsebenzi Isazinzulu Eric okwakhiwa of the US. Ngoku ke AmaMelika isondele kunangaphambili nokuphunyezwa kwale projekthi.

Ngokwemo, lo kugqame sisakhelo apho esolukileyo polymeric metallized umboniso, ebonisa imitha yelanga. Ulwalathiso wobhobhozayo ezikhanyayo ziya kwenziwa nokuba umyalelo ovela Umhlaba, okanye ngokuzenzekelayo, ngokungqinelana nenkqubo pre-echaziweyo.

Ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi

US wenze inkqubela enkulu kakhulu wokuhlola isithuba kwaye zikufutshane kakhulu kule projekthi. Ngoku, iingcali baseMelika isaphonononga ukuba obeka orbit-Hewana ukuba. Baya kuba ngqo phezu North America. 16 nezipili iseti-kugqame iya kwandiswa kwasa iiyure ezi-2. reflectors ezimbini siceba ukuba ndinithumele Alaska, apho kuya kwandisa iiyure imini ngama-3:00. Ukuba usebenzisa i satellite-reflectors ukuba ukwandiswa mini imizi emikhulu, iyakubonelela nomgangatho ophezulu nokulayita shadowless zezitalato, bezingahanjwa, izakhiwo, nto leyo ngokuqinisekileyo kuluncedo ukusuka kwindawo kwezoqoqosho ngayo.

Reflectors e Russia

Umzekelo, ukuba kwekhava isithuba kwemizi emihlanu ezilinganayo e Moscow, enkosi iindleko yokonga umbane iya kuba nemiphumo emihle kweminyaka 4-5. Ngaphezu koko, satellites inkqubo-kugqame ngaphandle naziphi na iindleko ezongezelelweyo zinokutshintshela elinye iqela imizi. Indlela ukucoca umoya, ukuba amandla iya kufika bevela amandla nomsi, kodwa abavela ngaphandle! Xihinga kuphela ekufezekisweni kwale projekthi kwilizwe lethu - nguye yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso isithuba Russian kuza hayi ngokukhawuleza njengoko sithanda.

izityalo komhlaba

Kuye kwiminyaka 300 ukususela kwafunyanwa E. Torricelli cleaner. Kuye idlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso zobugcisa. Ngapha koko, ngaphandle ekuqondeni nokwakheka zidle bekuya kuba nzima ukwenza nayiphi na elektroniki okanye iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. konke oku kodwa kokwalowo koshishino ehlabathini. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba amathuba zidle kwityala enjalo, njengoko ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Kutheni ningezanga kumnyele ukuze akhonze abantu, ukwakha imizi-mveliso apho? Baya kuba kwindawo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo, emoyeni, phantsi, ubushushu, imithombo aphezulu-amandla imisebe yelanga, kunye weightlessness.

Ngoku kunzima ukuqonda iinzuzo zezi kunye neminye imiba, kodwa singatsho ngokuzithemba ukuba nje amathuba kumnandi kwaye isihloko "Development esibhakabhakeni zokwakha izityalo ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha" olindela echaphazelekayo kunangaphambili. Ukuba imitha yelanga becala yi esipilini ezizekelisayo, aokusetyenziswa omthuqwa iinxalenye ezenziwe aluminiyamu titanium, intsimbi engatyiwa kunye nabanye. Xa ukunyibilikisa isinyithi phantsi kweemeko ezisentlabathini bawe ukungcola. A ndlela ngokuya izixhobo eziyimfuneko ultrapure. Njani ukuze nabo? Uyakwazi "usixhome" intsimbi kwintsimi ngemagnethi. Ukuba ubunzima balo lincinane, ngoko lo mhlaba uya kuhlala kuyo. I-metal ukuze kunyibilika ngokugqithisela therethrough ezineqondo current eliphezulu.

Xa microgravity izinto ezikwaziyo zinyibilike utyebe kunye nobukhulu. Akuyomfuneko Thina akukho uhlobo okanye crucibles ekubunjweni. Kwakhona akukho mfuneko lokugaya elandelayo nezokucoca. A izixhobo yokunyibilika iya kuba oveni nokuba eqhelekileyo okanye amandla elanga. Zidle ingaqhuba iye phandle "iwelding ngokucofa iqhosha lokulayita", kulungile ezambhunyula iingubo kwaye zihlanganiswe Imiphezulu yesinyithi zenze iikhompawundi izinzile kakhulu.

Xa iimeko ezweni esinokwenziwa ngaphandle amakhulu iziphene semiconductor ziikristale zokunciphisa umgangatho engenelela ezenziwe kuzo kunye nezixhobo. Ngenxa weightlessness kunye ongenawo unako ukufumana ziikristale kunye iipropati ezinqwenelekayo.

Iinzame ukuphumeza iingcamango

Amanyathelo okuqala ekuphunyezweni kwezi zimvo senziwe kwi 80s, xa ukuhlolwa kwi USSR waba swing ngokupheleleyo. Ngowe-1985, iinjineli ngokusesikweni yisathelayithi orbit. Kwiiveki ezimbini kamva, uya kubuyela Earth iisampuli izinto. uqala ezinjalo kuba sisiganeko esenzeka rhoqo ngonyaka.

Kulo nyaka mnye iprojekthi "Technology" yaphuhliswa kwi "Bulisani" NGO. ukwakhiwa olucwangcisiweyo isithuthi isithuba ubunzima iitoni ezingama-20 kunye ubunzima iitoni ezili-100 isityalo. Le fowuni ikhutshwa kunye njengezingxobo weave, nekufuneka zenziwe ukuba iinkonzo on Earth. Le projekthi yaye andizange ndiqonde. Ungabuza: kutheni? Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni - yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali. It iyafaneleka ngexesha lethu.

zokuhlala space

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 Kwafika ibali fantastic K. E. Tsiolkovskogo "Ngaphaya Umhlaba". Kuyo, uchaza amatyotyombe galactic yokuqala. Okwangoku, xa kukho impumelelo ethile ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni, kunokwenzeka ukuba bangenele ukuphunyezwa kwale projekthi kumnandi.

Ngowe-1974, unjingalwazi wezenzululwazi yasePrinceton University Gerard O'Neill yaphuhliswa kwaye yapapashwa iprojekthi ye amazwe Way. Wacela ukuba abeke emajukujukwini amathanga libration point (indawo apho amandla nokutsala iLanga, iNyanga noMhlaba abuyekeze ngamnye enye). Ezi dolophu lonke ixesha ziya kuba kwindawo enye.

O ^'uNeil wathi ngo-2074 uninzi lwabantu baya angashenxela isithuba kwaye niya kutya kunye energy izixhobo mda. Umhlaba uza kuba park enkulu, ngaphandle kushishino, apho uyakwazi ukuchitha iholide yakho.

Model Colony O ^'Neal

Peaceful ukuhlolwa Professor uceba ukuqala ulwakhiwo imodeli imitha-100 radius. Kulo ngezakhono ukuhlalisa abantu malunga 10 amawaka. Eyona Umsebenzi zokuhlala - ulwakhiwo imodeli elandelayo, ekufuneka zibe amaxesha-10 mkhulu. Sangqa koloni ecaleni landile ukuya 6-7 km, kwaye ubude inyuswe ku-20.

In kuluntu lwezenzululwazi ngeenxa iprojekthi O ^'Neal kusekho mpikiswano eladlulayo. Xa amathanga, loxinano kwabemi belunikwa liphantse efanayo izixeko zomhlaba. Kwaye le ilula kakhulu! Ingakumbi xa ucinga ukuba ngempelaveki akukho alunako ukuphuma kwedolophu. Parks uvale bambalwa kakhulu abantu bafuna ukuphumla. Oku kunganzima ukuba xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zobomi on Earth. Kwaye kwezi zikhewu kuphelela kukho izinto ubukunye ngezisebenzelwanoezibuya zengqondo amahlanza ukutshintsha iindawo? Ingaba abantu abafuna ukuhlala khona? Ngaba zokuhlala isithuba izihlalo twa eentlekele zehlabathi kunye iingxabano? Yonke le mibuzo sivule.

isiphelo

Ezinzulwini inkqubo solar yafakwa izinto eziphathekayo kunye namandla amaninzi. Ngoko ke, uphuhliso kwendawo yoluntu kufuneka ngoku ibe ngumba ophambili. Ngapha koko, ukuba nempumelelo, izibonelelo ezifunyenweyo ziya kumkhonza abantu.

Nangona ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni uthatha amanyathelo yayo yokuqala kweli cala. Sinokuthi iya umntwana, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha uba omdala. Ingxaki ephambili ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni - akukho nto ukungabikho iingcamango, kodwa yokunqongophala kwemali. Kuyimfuneko enkulu izinto eziphathekayo. Kodwa xa uthelekisa kubo kunye neendleko izixhobo, le ntlawulo inkulu kangaka. Umzekelo, ukuncitshiswa kwenkcitho zomkhosi zehlabathi-50% iya kwenza kwiminyaka embalwa elandelayo ukuya matutu Mars ezintathu.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, abantu baza kuxhotyiswa kunye nengcamango ubunye ehlabathini yokuhlaziya ngokutsha iinjongo kuphuhliso. A sithuba siya kuba uphawu wentsebenziswano. Kubhetele ukuba ukwakha izityalo kwiMars kunye neNyanga, ekuziseni obu iinzuzo kubo bonke abantu, oko kwandisa kakhulu ukuba sele avuza enyukliya jikelele. Kukho abantu abathi ukuba ukuhlolwa nako ukulinda. Ngokuqhelekileyo izazinzulu ukuphendula kubo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Kakade ke ungakwenza, ngokuba indalo iya kuhlala ngonaphakade, kwaye silapha, ngelishwa, akukho."