Central Bank: umsebenzi, indima, ixabiso

Zizeyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwindlela yogcino-mali kunye nolawulo kwalo naliphi na ilizwe yibhanki eyongameleyo. Imisebenzi yeli ziko ezininzi kakhulu umdla, kuba imibuzo ukuba ukwenza, ulale kwiinkalo ezahlukileyo zobomi kwezoqoqosho karhulumente. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwemali kazwelonke ngaphakathi elizweni kwaye ukuba izinga lonaniselwano kwimarike angaphandle.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iziko zemali abawuthobeli ukuchaza ngqo. Amaxesha amaninzi umnini ngokusesikweni kwipropati ebhankini liqumrhu likarhulumente, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo zabelo - abantu zabucala. Eyona engundoqo Imisebenzi yebhanki engundoqo yelo lizwe zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye phantse ngokufanayo kubo bonke ithi:

• Okokuqala, lo Central Bank nomnikezi lwemali, ezisebenzela kweli lizwe, oko kukuthi, cishe ethetha, i ishicilela imali;
• Okwesibini, esisebenza ngayo njengoko "yibhanki beebhanki", ilwela iimfuno zamaziko zemali yorhwebo esweni uzinzo kwinkqubo yonke, ukuthatha ukugcina oovimba efunekayo;
• Okwesithathu, ukuba ukhonza umgaqo wolawulo-mali isikhokelo, yaye ngoko ke nokuphumeza iqela lamanyathelo ongenelelo.

Ngoko ke, le nto jikelele kuye kwaba nayiphi na ibhanki engundoqo. Imisebenzi ukuba ekusebenzeni ngokunxulumene nokuqhutywa yomgaqo-lawulo wemali, nayo ingqalelo kwaye ngaphandle kwenzala, ukuba ibe nolwalamano yayo kwiibhanki zorhwebo. Central Bank ulawula kwamandla emali kunye lwemali kazwelonke, kwaye ukwenza oko ngoncedo izixhobo zemali ezintathu:

1. ulawulo lwemali ubonelelo. Ukusela imali kunciphisa imfuno kubo kunciphisa iindleko zabo. Ngenxa lwemali kwi zonaniso lwangaphandle ufumana atshiphu, kunye nokunyuka okukhawulezileyo. isixhobo buthuntu, nto leyo kakhulu echaphazela iinkqubo kuqoqosho emarikeni.
2. Ulawulo isiseko umyinge wenzala kunye nenani loovimba ezifunekayo. Ukunciphisa nokwandisa kwezi zalathisi ezimbini, i-Central Bank kwakhona lilawula "ixabiso" imali kwaye ulawula inkqubo yebhanki, uzenze zibonakale layo phezu unikezelo kunye nemfuno imali kunye emveliso iimarike.
3. ungenelelo exchange Foreign. Isixhobo ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo, nto leyo nempembelelo entle zingabalulekanga kwamaxabiso, kodwa kuyanceda ukulawula okunanisa lwemali kazwelonke. Kuthengwa ezi ncwadi okanye ukuthengisa umva okanye imali yesizwe kwimalike kawonkewonke, i-Central Bank unokuphembelela ubunzima yayo kwezoqoqosho kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ixabiso layo. Ukongezelela, ukuze bakwenze ekuthengeni kunye nokuthengiswa nezibambiso ezikhutshwe ngurhulumente.

Yibhanki eyongameleyo, imisebenzi ngokutsho ilizwe inokuba ayemxinwa okanye banzi, Kakade ke, iyingxenye ebalulekileyo kwi -mali kunye namatyala nkqubo karhulumente. Ukongeza neebhanki eqhelekileyo, inika mboleko kurhulumente, ukuzibandakanya mboleko zangaphakathi nokuthengisa bonds ezikhutshwe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMali okanye iqumrhu efanayo. Imisebenzi ye-Central Bank of Russia, ngokunjalo, mhlawumbi, amanye amazwe musa iphele khona. Uninzi Central Bank kananjalo benza ekuqokeleleni kunye nokupapashwa kweenkcukacha zamanani ngokuphathelele nezikhombisi yoqoqosho olukhulu, ukusekwa lwemali esemthethweni kunye neminye imisebenzi eyongezelelweyo.

Inkqubo zoqoqosho naliphi na ilizwe kunzima ukufumana umzimba ojongene nezinto ezifana ibaluleke yibhanki eyongameleyo. Imisebenzi ukuba enze, kunye nemingeni ukuba isigqibo zibaluleke kangangokuba ngaphandle kwabo, mhlawumbi, urhulumente nje awukwazi ukuqhubeka kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho.