Umngcipheko Social - yintoni na le nto? Types and Iimpawu

umngcipheko Social - oko yingcamango kakhulu ukuba isebenza phantse kuzo zonke iintlobo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. ukunyuka umthamo wayo ngokomlinganiselo ekuphuhliseni uluntu kunye ngendaleko yayo. Kumakhulu eminyaka eyadlulayo ukuya imingcipheko ebinokuba isoyikiso sokwenene eluntwini, zinxulumene kuphela yimiba zendalo. Emva koko, kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho, urhwebo noshishino, zentlalo ubungozi aye anda kakhulu ngenani.

ubungozi Common

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ezi ziquka amathuba kudendwe nentswela-ngqesho, ukwenzakala emsebenzini kunye nokuqalisa lokukhubazeka, ukulahlekelwa umondli. Iinzululwazi zale mihla ukuba ufunda ulawulo zentlalo iingozi, babaphatha phantse naziphi na izinto ezinokuthi kwimeko ivela ibe nefuthe elibi kwezentlalo, eziphathekayo imeko yokomoya yomntu, nto leyo ithathwa njengento zahlukeneyo yoluntu.

A definition ofanayo

Le nkcazelo yokuhlalisana kolu luvo uthi umngcipheko zentlalo - uyavunywa yiNkampani isiganeko mhlawumbi, nto leyo kwimeko livela, kungakhokelela ekubeni ukuqala ilahleko ngokupheleleyo okanye olungaphelelanga ukukhubazeka yabantu okanye bandiqumbise imfuno bubuncinane umsebenzi wakhe, nto leyo, kuquka ngokupheleleyo okanye ukulahleka kwenxalenye engenayo, owona mthombo mali ubukho ngokupheleleyo.

inkxaso State

Phantse onke amazwe asakhulayo, yamkele uluhlu iingozi zentlalo, nokukhuseleka kuqala apho ethenjiswe kwinqanaba likazwelonke. Amaninzi, ezi ziquka iingozi zentlalo zilandelayo:

• ukukhulelwa kunye kubeleka (ikhefu lokubeleka);
• ukufa umondli;
• ekuqaleni sifo;
• ukugxothwa, iphungulwe ofisi, ngqesho;
• nokukhubazeka;
• umhlala-phantsi (iintlawulo zomhlalaphantsi);
• ukwenzakala emsebenzini ekhubekisayo.

Kuwo onke amazwe oluphucukileyo kwimiba zokukhusela intlalo yabantu zithathwa ngenyameko. Oku kugqiba neengozi eziphambili kwimeko apho ilungu uluntu ukuze bakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zazo zokomoya eziphathekayo ngokupheleleyo. Social lomngcipheko inshorensi kwimeko urhulumente ithathwa njenge kwimeko nohlaselo ebandakanya uncedo lukarhulumente phantsi kwe-inshorensi yoluntu karhulumente.

Ukufundisisa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi kunye nezoqoqosho

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubungozi-it udidi lwentlalo, nto leyo safunda ngobunono kwaye ndimncinile kuphela yokuhlalisana. isifundo yayo eneenkcukacha kwingcingane yoluntu, xa pedagogy, kwakunye nokusetyenziswa kwinkalo yezoqoqosho. imingcipheko ngakumbi yentlalo bafunda ngononophelo kwaye esetyenziswa kwishishini insurance, hayi kuphela kwezentlalo kunye nezorhwebo kunye zonyango.

Ukususela urhulumente imingcipheko nentlalo kuthathwa njenge enokubakho usongo, ukusuka apho urhulumente unyanzelekile ukuba akhusele abemi esebenzisa -inshorensi enyanzelekileyo lwentlalo. Kwimeko amatyala umngcipheko loluntu, urhulumente kunyanzelekile ukuba ngabahlala uncedo esisinyanzelo kunye nenkxaso.

Kwimeko eyahlukileyo, isigama umngcipheko yezentlalo ngazo kwabantu, ootitshala umsebenzi wentlalo-ntle. Bakugqala ngononophelo kwaye afundele umngcipheko ekuthiwa zentlalo, aqhube umsebenzi zothintelo kunye nabo yaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuba ukubolekisa uncedo lwabo ngobuchule kunye nenkxaso.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuyo ndawo kucingwa ingcamango "umngcipheko lwentlalo", iye awohluke yayo kunye neempawu.

Eyona eziphambili ze ubungozi zentlalo

Kuye ngomongo, imingcipheko engundoqo zentlalo lungohlulwa lube iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeke ukuba unako unganikeza okanye hayi, ukuba yahlulwe:

1. Kulindeleke - ezo ezinokuthi kungalindeleka ukuqikelela, ukuhlalutya ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke. Njengomgaqo, olu hlobo umngcipheko usoloko ekhona ekuhlaleni kunye nohlalutyo eyiyo indlela zabo kwangaphambili (i ukudiliza elizayo kunye kudendwe, kwaqatsela ukunqongophala kwamathuba emisebenzi, iintsapho ngxaki ngubani na ngokwabo umngcipheko ekuhlaleni yaye kufuneka nenkxaso nonontlalontle).
2. Iintlekele - ezo nanto kwimbali ngonaphakade kwenzeka ngequbuliso (ingozi, intlekele yendalo). Olu hlobo Ubungozi inzima inzululwazi, njengoko nangayiphi na indlela ubungakanani okanye aqikelele kuqala wawo phantse akunakwenzeka.

Musa ukulibala ukuba umngcipheko zentlalo - na amathuba iziganeko ukuba ingenzeka zombini umntu oyedwa kunye neqela labantu. Kuxhomekeka bamela kwisifundo umngcipheko kwezentlalo, kusenokuba omnye okanye iqela. Kwimeko yokuqala, siza kuxubusha iingozi leyo kuthiwa kwenzeke ukuba, umntu eqhelekileyo. Kwimeko yesibini, ingqalelo yonke iqela umngcipheko lwentlalo. Basenokuba ubunzima ukusuka ekuqaleni imingcipheko zilandelayo:

1. ubungozi Natural - ezo utshitshiseke ukuphunyezwa izenzakalo ziyaphila kunye nohlobo ezingaphiliyo. Ezi ziquka izikhukhula, iinyikima zomhlaba nezinye iintlekele zemvelo, kwakunye iimpawu okanye izenzo abameli ezahlukeneyo ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila, umntu akakwazi ukulawula (isenzo ezincinane, ukuziphatha izilwanyana zasendle).
2. ubungozi ngokwasengqondweni Social - labo abamele amathuba kukuvela kweemeko ezinzima ngenxa kunxibelelwano nabanye kwinqanaba liqela loluntu okanye umntu ngamnye. Ngamana nempembelelo kwakhona elibi lonke iqela elithile eluntwini, kwaye umntu ngamnye.
3. uluntu Socio-economic umngcipheko - imingcipheko ekuqondeni ukuba izenzo zabo enokukucaphukisa amaqela umbutho okanye nabasengozini kunye namalungu zabo ngabanye, apho kusebenza kumdla kula maqela. Ezi ntlobo ze risk ziquka izenzo enziwe ngenxa nomdla wesizwe, ukunyamezelana yequmrhu. Njengoko isenzo esinjalo ingaqhuba ayiqondakali ngokupheleleyo, kwaye kuvela njenge "psychology ihlokondiba" okanye "umhlambi lithuku." Linjongo abalawulwa imingcipheko zentlalo nezoqoqosho inokufana amalungu ngamnye yoluntu, kwakunye neenkampani ezahlukeneyo, imibutho, iinkampani, kwaye urhulumente yonke. Umzekelo, ukuba izityalo kukho umngcipheko wokuba ixabiso izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada, esetyenziswa kwimveliso kungaphuculwa. Le ngozi kungabonwa apho kwakufuneka umthetho karhulumente iza ku tyikitywa ngamagosa karhulumente ngamnye. Le igosa likarhulumente lisebenza njengommeli kwenkqubo yonke zentlalo - kurhulumente, yaye wenza izinto inkqubo loluntu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuba inkampani yemveliso izigqibo ezinjalo zinxulumene imingcipheko zentlalo.

iingozi Social kwishishini inshorensi

Kancinane ezahlukeneyo, kodwa akukho ngaphantsi ngenyameko ingxaki ye zentlalo lomngcipheko ingqalelo ziinkampani ze-inshorensi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ishishini inshorensi yenye kakhulu yimpumelelo, kuba imfuno iinkonzo inshorensi ze ukuwa. Iinkampani ze-inshorensi anikele abantu abucala kunye nemibutho lonke, kuba imali zinyanga ukuzikhusela xa kuthe kokuvela omnye yeentlobo komngcipheko lwentlalo. Indleko ye-inshorensi yoluntu kunye nemali yokuhlawula kwimeko isiganeko benefits ibalwa ngokusekelwe lowo kwimeko ethile yi into komngcipheko ekuhlaleni phantsi koko amathuba livela, njengokuba kwakubekwe ukwahlula aqhelelkileyo ingenzeka komngcipheko yezentlalo kunye nendlela akonwabi.

Imigaqo-nkqubo ye-inshorensi ezithandwa kakhulu ukukhusela nxamnye ingozi zentlalo

Kwimeko iingozi ngokwasentlalweni Ingase kakhulu kwaye iyingozi zokwahlula kuluntu ngamnye, uninzi iinkampani ze-inshorensi zinika abantu imigaqo-inshorensi ezikhusela abantu lwemingcipheko zentlalo zilandelayo:

• ukulahlekelwa umondli, ukugula kwakhe ukungakwazi ukusebenza ngenxa kukhathalelo kuyimfuneko kuye;
• ngqesho;
• yokulimala emsebenzini;
• ukugula kakhulu nezifo, nto leyo ebangelwa ziimeko yobungcali;
• nokukhubazeka;
• unyango (kulo mzekelo, iintlawulo inshorensi kungekhona kwisiqulatho umntu enesifo ngexesha xa waphulukana umthamo wakhe umsebenzi, nokuba ukuhlawulela iinkonzo zonyango, iziyobisi);
• Kwiimeko apho umntu, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaphaya kuye, ulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukufumana ingeniso.

Ingxaki lweengozi lwezentlalo kwabantu, iqela omkhulu umngcipheko

Kwakhona, ingqiqo umngcipheko loluntu kwimeko ethile iirivyu eneenkcukacha kakhulu kwaye ahlalutye inzululwazi ezifana kwabantu, njengoko into ephambili isifundo kwayo kuluntu yaye zonke iinkqubo ezikhoyo kuyo. Kwabantu ngokwahlula amaqela umngcipheko zentlalo abayinqobo oziphatha okanye izenzo kunokuba yingozi ukuba ubomi obuqhelekileyo epheleleyo yoluntu.

Abantu abaye waphawula ukukhula ngaphandle entlalweni, waphula inkqubo lohlengahlengiso zentlalo, licuthe intlalo kunye nokuguqulwa iintlobo wokuhlangana lwentlalo kunye nabanye abantu nentlalo zichongwe uhlobo yamaqela umngcipheko lwentlalo. Amaninzi, ezi ziquka:

• Abaxhomekeki;
• ukuphuza;
• abantu kungekho yokuhlala ezinzileyo.

Iindidi abantu baphathwe yoonontlalontle nabo ezinokuliqhekeza zivuse izenzo zabo ingozi ekuhlaleni. Kungenxa yoko le nto kusifikeleyo oku didi yabemi Kucetyiswa ukuba aqhube umsebenzi ngokucokisekileyo zifo.

umngcipheko Usongo intsapho njengeyunithi lwentlalo eyahlukileyo

Intsapho e kwabantu, enye yezinto eziphambili zokufunda, njengoko ngeendlela ezininzi, oko kugqiba isidima nkampani, imo yalo engundoqo kuphuhliso ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elizayo. umdla Special ntle kubiza intsapho, apho kukho abantwana, kuba ubunzima kakhulu kwiimeko apho usapho wenza umngcipheko lwentlalo.

Kule meko, loo nto ithathwa njengokuba isiganeko mhlawumbi, nto leyo kwimeko livela unako ukutshabalalisa ingqibelelo usapho, kunye negalelo ngokwasengqondweni kwi isimo salo abadala kukhokelela ekuthotyweni okanye ukuncitshiswa epheleleyo imali yentsapho iyonke, ngenxa yoko, iimfuno eziphambili umntwana abe enerisekanga.

Typology of iintsapho ezisemngciphekweni lwentlalo

Iintsapho amathuba aphezulu isahlakalo komngcipheko ekusenokufuneka baquka abo, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo kukho ubunzima ebomini, yaye abo basweleyo ngamandla inkxaso karhulumente kunye noncedo loonontlalontle. Ezi ziquka:

• iintsapho kunye nabantwana baninzi;
• iimbacu, zashiya iintsapho;
• iintsapho abaxhomekeke kubonelelo, abantu abakhubazekileyo;
• iintsapho ezinomzali omnye;
• ntsapho zinengeniso esezantsi.

abantwana engozini loluntu

Kugxininiswa ootitshala kunye noonontlalontle kufuneka abantwana kwezi ntsapho, ngokuba bengabakho kudidi abantwana lomngcipheko lwentlalo. Kwimeko yabo, singakwazi ukuthetha malunga ezimbini iintlobo ezisemngciphekweni:

• Kwimeko yokuqala, aba bantwana ukuze zijongwe ibe usongo noluntu, ngenxa yokuba nga ni mboyamelo wa ku doviantnomu ukuziphatha kwaye ube kakuhle ayeba;
• Kwimeko yesibini, ngomhla koko, aba bantwana zithathwa ukuba ibe ngabo ngokwabo abakhuselekanga kwiingozi zentlalo: ingozi yempilo enkenenkene, ukungakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo ezingundoqo; ukungabikho kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokuphila kunye ezibonakalayo ukuze uphuhliso ngokupheleleyo nobomi.

ootitshala kunye noonontlalontle ukuze wohlukane ubungozi zentlalo

Kulo naliphi na iziko eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinto ezifana 'ingozi yezentlalo zemfundo. " Kwimeko zokufundisa, kwakhona uneempawu zawo kwaye ingqalelo ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Utitshala ubungozi ngubani inefuthe zokufundisa;
• abafundi abasemngciphekweni abakhuselekanga notitshala.

Kwimeko iingxaki abantwana kwiqela umngcipheko zentlalo, ingqalelo amathuba a ngobuwena yesibini umngcipheko lwentlalo-zokufundisa. Umntwana kwintsapho apho kukho iingxaki ezinkulu esikolweni kunokuba ezininzi iingxaki, ukusuka nokuqhuba kakubi, ungquzulwano kunye noontanga kunye nootitshala, kunye nesiphelo kunye nokudideka ngokupheleleyo kwezentlalo kunye neengxaki ukuziqhelanisa ukuba inkqubo yemfundo. Lo msebenzi nje ekuhlaleni, kodwa utitshala eziqhelekileyo ukufumana indlela ngamnye umntwana onjalo nokubonelela uncedo olufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.