Arthur Schnitzler: engobomi, ubuchule, dlala

Arthur Schnitzler - eyaziwa umbhali Austria wemidlalo, edume imidlalo zayo adumileyo kunye neenoveli, leyo kudala ukususela abe classic loncwadi yehlabathi. umsebenzi wakhe ezininzi kakhulu, abaphandi abaninzi bafumana ubunzima ekumiseleni indlela apho elimfaneleyo. umbhali yomsebenzi umdla kakhulu kuba zinokusetyenziswa ukufumanisa imeko iincwadi Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 19-20.

umsebenzi Early

Arthur Schnitzler wazalelwa eVienna ngo-1862 ukuya kwintsapho yamaYuda. Uyise wayengugqirha, kwaye umfana, elandela umzekelo abazali, wangena Medical Faculty of the University eMoscow. Iminyaka emininzi wasebenza nje psychoanalyst, wayesebenza kwikliniki kayise, yaye benza umsebenzi zenzululwazi. Nangona kunjalo, uziva nomdla uncwadi kunye yeqonga, nto intle ngokukhawuleza bawushiya umkhuba amayeza ukubhala. Nodumo beza kuye kwaoko. Ekuqaleni, imisebenzi yakhe nokuba wenzeka okanye yabangela ukunganeliseki olomeleleyo eziliqela nabagxeki zoncwadi.

Noko ke, ekuqaleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, uArthur Schnitzler ndaziwa kakhulu kwi nezazi yoyilo. nomsebenzi wakhe Elokuqala iimpawu kwimpucuko. Umbhali yaqala kunye nokudalwa edlalwa omnye-isenzo, ezibe kakhulu zithandwa Ekuveleni iinkulungwane. "Anatole" (1893) - libali wembongi, neyo, ngubani na befuna rhoqo yena kunye indlela yakhe yokudala. Ukhokela ubomi kunokuba niyahiliza, nto leyo uthotho imicimbi uthando adventures. Yena esiphikisana ngumfanekiso umhlobo wakhe uMax - sane kunye ziingcathu nokuqiqa umntu ozama buddy sakhe okubambelela maxa kumnceda kwiimbambano bakhe kunye nabafazi. Anatole njalo ukhohlisa ngabantu abathandayo, kodwa ngaxeshanye yaye kudla ekhohlisa - luphawu motif umsebenzi zombhali.

Umxholo abantu namhlanje

Arthur Schnitzler ingqalelo omkhulu kumfanekiso kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Ekuveleni kwenkulungwane phakathi nezazi, bekukho umoya esithokothokweni kunye lithemba ngenxa yeentlekele ubomi yenkcubeko. Bonke wenza ngokucacileyo ngokwabo waziva ezingangqinelaniyo amaninzi ubukhosi, nto leyo kumazwe motley kwezizwe bemanyene indawo kuphela. Le imeko yezopolitiko sichaphazele uncwadi. ababhali Young baba ngokuya iveza ukuthotywa amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu, ukwandiswa yokuziphatha abameli balo. Ngelo xesha oko baqalisa ukudlala enkulu indima uthando umxholo. Schnitzler Arthur wamnika kakhulu eninzi ingqalelo. Kulo mdlalo "nentsomi" yaye "Flirt", wabuyela umxholo uthando anikelwe, ebonisa yintlekele kulo mzekelo kwabantu ngumdlali weqonga kunye ilizwe intombazana elula.

Athandwa eRussia

Umbhali eyaduma kwilizwe lethu emva kokupapashwa inoveli yakhe "Le sombutho Gustloff '(1901). Lo msebenzi eyahlukileyo ngokwesiseko wabhala oko phambi: le inoveli ke omnye engaphakathi ophambili, apho kungenxa ukungqubana umbhaki engenanto kwigumbi ukunxibisa iholo ekhonsathini kwenzeka uqhwithela iimvakalelo. Bakukhangela kuyo nokutyhola ukuba umfutho wonke nje umqokozo wayecamanga ukuba umlinganiswa.

Mu kuya kwa nshita imisebenzi zangaphambili umbhali, eli bali akanayo isakhiwo sebali ichazwe ngokucacileyo kunye nesakhiwo sebali. Njengoko umbhali onzulu kwithiyori psychoanalytic ka Freud, wanikela ingqalelo elikhulu inkcazo ngamava ngokweemvakalelo zabalinganiswa zakhe. Ngoko ke, umbhali kweli lizwe ngokufuthi xa kuthelekiswa Dostoevsky kunye yaseChekhov, nto leyo mhlawumbi echaza isizathu ngenxa yodumo yayo eRashiya. abahlalutyi abaninzi, Iimbongi ndibhale amanqaku kunye nohlaziyo zonke imisebenzi yakhe, nto leyo ibonisa unomdla kakhulu nezazi kazwelonke umsebenzi wakhe (Blok, Tsvetaeva, noTrotsky).

Nokugqama iprozi

Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela yenkulungwane ye-19 kunye nombhali kwenkulungwane yama-20 ekuqaleni, waba eyaziwa njenge umbhali banezakhono nokukhululwa amabali amafutshane. Omnye kubo: "Le umfazi silumko," ubalisa ibali ibali uthando engaqhelekanga eyenzeka phakathi hero kunye nebhinqa eliselula, owathi, nangona kunjalo, ukuba abaphezulu yakhe. Ibali liqala nge mzuzu xa kwathatha iminyaka eliqela emva kwesiganeko. Le hero uza iiholide kunye ngesiquphe uyahlangabezana umfazi kanye wayemthanda, kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke ngenxa yokoyika ukubanjwa ngasendodeni yakhe. Xa ethetha naye, uyifumane ngaphandle umyeni wakhe ukuba wamxolela, waza yena akaqondi oku siqhubeke siphila iphupha lothando. Ngokuthe ngcembe eqalisa ukuqonda ukuba kwenzeka ntoni njengephupha - lo ngumba ophambili kumsebenzi yombhali, esekwe phantsi kwempembelelo beengcamango Freud kaThixo. Kule nkalo, umbhali omelene impressionists Viennese. Phakathi yayo idumileyo imisebenzi iprozi zinakho ezichongiweyo ezifana "Teresa", "Frau uBeate kunye nonyana wakhe."

The main imixholo

Omnye wababhali edume kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20 Arthur Schnitzler. "Dance Round '- umsebenzi eliye laba quintessence yomsebenzi wakhe. Noko ke, uthando ingxaki isonjululwe nawo Freud kunye umthambo impressionist, cross-ukusika umxholo isebenza kuzo zonke kwiincwadi zakhe. Zonke amaqhawe badla iphumele uvavanyo ndiziva. Xa imisebenzi ababhali iyahlangana mibala theka, yothando kunye yendalo, le yokugqibela ngabona ngokucacileyo. Umbhali lihlawula ingqalelo ekhethekileyo nenkcazelo eneenkcukacha tofotofo amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu, nto leyo egxininisa nokonakala ngokomoya wabanumzana abanempembelelo kunye umdak silk.

play enga

Impressionism yaba inkosi wokwenene Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", isishwankathelo leyo kakhulu ayinzima, Lelona laba ixakayo yemisebenzi yakhe. Umbhali kwakhona wabhenela inkcazelo adventures yokubonisana amaqhawe ayo, kodwa ukuba uthando umgca ngaphambili kujongwe inkcazelo imvelaphi ezikhona lwentlalo, nto leyo nayo lithathe indawo ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi yombhali, ngoku lujolise kuphela kuhlalutyo adventures yokubonisana amaqhawe, nechazwe adventures zabo ifomu yendalo kakhulu . Apha ungabona impembelelo umbhali odumileyo French Gi De Maupassant. Uluntu liyakhathaza yi ukulandelelana isigcawu ecacileyo, leyo, enyanisweni, wamisela umxholo walo mdlalo. Akukho ibali elicacileyo, umbhali uchaza ezimbalwa lihlangabezana yokubonisana iintlobo abalinganiswa izihloko kunye nempahla.

indaba

Arthur Schnitzler, "Uthando umdaniso" nto leyo eye yaba imveliso ngundoqo kumsebenzi wakhe, waye waduma sengqondo ezichuliweyo, lowo unako ukudlulisela ngokuchanileyo kakhulu iintshukumo subliminal neemvakalelo abalinganiswa bakhe. Kulo mdlalo wawubonisa iimpawu ezininzi uphawu nobuchule ekuchubekeni: umfanekiso Ubugwenxa kuluntu lwanamhlanje, ukwehla yokuziphatha imilinganiselo kunye yokuziphatha Swagger. Xa umsebenzi abadlali igosa, intombazana esitratweni, imbongi, actress, ibhinqa eliselula, ndodana, i igrafu nempembelelo. Umbhali usoloko ezama ukubonisa abameli nemihlaba ezahlukeneyo kunye iiklasi baze bangenise abaziphethe ngayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Intlanganiso yokuqala kwenzeka kwisixeko ebusuku, phezu kweendonga weDanube, ngoko umbhali idluliselwa kwiindawo zokuhlala, ezichaza egumbini elimnyama apho isibini kudibana kwakhona.

iimpawu

Imveliso "Runaround" (umdlalo ngokuthi umbhali waseOstriya Artura Shnitslera) wazuza notoriety ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba umbhali wabonisa ngokuphandle kakhulu adventures guqukayo yokubonisana kwamagorha. Abaphulaphuli bafumana umsebenzi yobukrwada amanyala, nangona ezinye zemiboniso usazama ukuba kuyo. Ngeli xesha, umbhali lujolise ngokupheleleyo kumfanekiso yokugxeka lothando - uye wayehambile ngepeyinti kumdlalo wakhe akukho yeBhayibhile, ndingathanda ukuba novelwano okanye bakuqonda. Xa umsebenzi wakhe akukho nto ubomi Umgudu okanye ukukhanya, akukho umqondo yokuziphatha okanye zokuziphatha eyenza umdlalo lokuhle kwaye limfiliba. Akumangalisi ke, ukusebenza "Runaround" kwi umdlalo ngu Artura Shnitslera yabonakala ihlazo. Abaphulaphuli akazange afune ukuba ibali, kwafika kwanangaphambi kokuba imeko baphosa Ziyaqhubeka umsi. Kwaye namhlanje, lo msebenzi ibonwa ludale kakhulu ngenxa yesihloko yayo impikiswano.

beminyaka yemfazwe

Umdlalo "Runaround" Artura Shnitslera Yinkcazelo adventures yokubonisana amaqhawe ezahlukeneyo izihloko, iiklasi nezigaba zexesha. Lo mxholo ngundoqo fiction yakhe, apho uhlalutyo ezichuliweyo ngokwengqondo nge wazama ukucacisa iintshukumisa angathabatheki luthando. Noko ke, le mfazwe yaba wothuka kakhulu kuye, yaye oko kwabuchaphazela umsebenzi wakhe. Umbhali yaqala ukubhala ngaphantsi ukanti wadala enye yemisebenzi yakhe lenkundla - ethi "The Return of Casanova," ebalisa ibali the lover odumileyo yokwaluphala, hayi ababefuna ukuba athathe isikhundla labo ze baqalise ukuba akhuphisane elinye oselula, akazange oko kuthathe. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, waphuma ukukhanya ngaphandle kwezinye iinoveli bakhe, ingakumbi isincoko "Intombazana Elsa."

kwakhona Umbhali wabhenela kwisixhobo yakhe ayithandayo - ke omnye engaphakathi Heroine, ekuthe umfundi ekwazi ukuqonda bengqondo yayo. Intombazana eselula, intombi igqwetha ngempumelelo, ngesiquphe ufunda izinto zokweyelisela kayise, yaye oku isizathu bentekelelo yengqondo ngokuqatha ukuba ukunceda ngayo umzali, lowo wacela uncedo lwakhe. Engqondweni, yena imifuziselo bakhe aze ayile iintlobo zeemeko, ethetha kunye nezihlobo, yaye ngaloo ndlela, ibali jikisa omnye engaphakathi Heroine.

kwiminyaka yakutshanje

Emva kokuba imfazwe kunye ekuweni uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian, umbhali wahlala enyanisekile imixholo yakhe ayithandayo umfanekiso yobomi pre-imfazwe. Ngoko, kwi ibali elifutshane "Umdlalo kokusa," ophambili, uLieutenant, indlela kwisimo umkhosi endala Austria. Noko ke, umbhali nzulu baqonda ngokuwa bukhosi yaye yaguqula iziseko ezindala kunye nendlela yokuphila. Ngelo xesha kukho yintlekele ebomini bakhe. Intombi yakhe watshata, kwi ukuzibulala oselula kakhulu ubudala azenzileyo, leyo ngokukhawuleza ukufa lombhali. Wafa zestrowuku ngo-1931.

inani

Iprowuzi nedrama ziyathandwa kwindawo ebonakalayo iincwadi ehlabathini. imidlalo isenzo-nye, amabali amafutshane, iinoveli Schnitzler waba isiganeko lwembonakalo kubomi benkcubeko Europe ekujikeni kwenkulungwane. Abanye abaphandi baye bahlanganisa imisebenzi yakhe imisebenzi Impressionists nabanye - kunye modernists. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe umdla kuba kwabonisa ubomi kuluntu lwanamhlanje IsiHungarian, bobabini ngaphezulu ngokuhla.

Ukongeza, wavelisa ingcamango iincwadi "omnye angaphakathi ', nto leyo yaba nempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhliseni intsingiselo engqondweni xa iprozi. kokuma kwakhe yobuhlobo abanothando kuphela yendalo, kodwa uhlalutyo nasengqondweni. ngenxa kakhulu kule amkelwa yaseYurophu Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", umxholo apho yingqokelela isigcawu uthando phakathi kwabantu ezahlukeneyo - lo mzekelo ngokumangalisayo umdlalo, kubonisa umnqweno lombhali ukuchaza kwiinkalo olusondeleyo ubomi babantu.