Ngubani wabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen"? Biography nomsebenzi Rudolf UErich Raspe

Indoda encinane endala wayehleli eziko, ukubalisa amabali, njengempambano umdla kakhulu, funny kakhulu yaye "eyinyaniso" ... Kubonakala ukuba kudlule ixesha, yaye umfundi ugqiba ukuba kunokwenzeka ukutsala ngokwayo ngaphandle kumgxobhozo sicacelwe iinwele, ukuba ngaphakathi ngaphandle ingcuka , ukufumana isiqingatha ihashe ukuba uyasela iitoni amanzi kwaye kuwucima unxano.

amabali Eqhelekileyo, akunjalo? Malunga Baron Munchausen weva yonke into. Nkqu nabantu musa ngokwenene ukufumana kunye belles lettres, kubulelwe cinema uya kukwazi ukuya ukudwelisa isibini yamabali kwamnandi ngaye. Omnye umbuzo: "Ngubani wabhala sentsomi" The Adventures of Baron Munchausen '? " Yeha, igama Rudolph Raspe uyazi ukuba wonke umntu. Kwaye nokuba yinto ongumdali wokwenene lo mlinganiswa? Abahlalutyi yoncwadi gqolo ukufumana amandla baxabane ngalo mbandela. Noko ke, izinto eziza kuqala.

Ngubani wabhala incwadi ethi 'The Adventures of Baron Munchausen "?

Unyaka wokuzalwa umbhali elizayo - th 1736. Uyise waba ngumkhonzi yoluntu part-time miner, kwakunye othanda ngokukrakra kwezimbiwa. Oko kwenza sicace isizathu iminyaka yakhe yokuqala Raspe wachitha malunga emigodini. Kungekudala, wafumana imfundo esisiseko, leyo waqhubeka University of Göttingen. Okokuqala wathabatha ilungelo waza wayithimba iinzululwazi zendalo. Ngoko ke, akukho kuboniswe nomsetyenzana yakhe elizayo - philology, kwaye akukho zimpawu ukuba uya kuba lowo owabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen."

kwiminyaka ezayo

Ekubuyeni kwakhe kwisixeko lokuzalwa kwakhe, ethanda imisebenzi yakhe unobhala waza ke wasebenza unobhala kwithala leencwadi. Njengoko umvakalisi Raspe wangenela ngo-1764, umnikelo ihlabathi imisebenzi Leibniz, owathi, ngokuzenzekelayo, ziye zanikelwa ukuba ikamva kwase "adventure". Malunga nelo xesha, wabhala inoveli "Hermine and Gunilda", waba unjingalwazi umsebenzi wokuba umgcini yikhabhinethi ngezinto zakudala. Westphalia ihamba befuna imibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo, kwaye izinto ke kunqabile ukuba zokuqokelela (yeha, hayi wayo). Raspe Last siphathiswe kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuthembeka zalo eziqinileyo kunye namava. Ke, njengoko kanti, lilize! Lowo owabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen," kwakungekho mntu esisityebi kunene, namahlwempu, kwanyanzeleka ukuya kwi-mthetho kunye ukuthengisa yinxalenye yale minikelo. Noko ke, Raspe wakwazi ukuphepha isohlwayo, kodwa nendlela kwenzeka kunzima ukutsho. Bathi, ukuza kubamba umntu uya kukuva, yaye kukhafula ngumbalisi bakhe obungamampunge, ukuba basinde. Akumangalisi oku, ngenxa yokuba senze kanye Raspe - abo babhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen"! Njani loo nto?

Ukubonakala ngumntu wasentsomini

Imbali, izenzakalo enxulumene ukupapashwa kweli ngantsomi, enyanisweni, vula kuba ngaphantsi umdla ngaphezu adventures ophambili yayo. Ngowe-1781, kwi "Guide for abantu besini" ukuhlangabezana amabali yokuqala kunye nendoda endala abakwazi onke. Bengazi ukuba ngubani owabhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen." Umbhali wakufumanisa kuyimfuneko ukuhlala izithunzi. Kuyinto la mabali Raspe wathabatha njengesiseko ngomsebenzi wabo, nto leyo eye sele idityaniswe figure unobalisa, nabaphethwe ingqibelelo kunye nokuphelela (nshita kwinguqulelo yangaphambili). Tales zaye zabhalwa IsiNgesi, kwaye imeko apho umlinganiswa nokwenza engundoqo, yaba nangokuvulelekileyo nje IsiNgesi, ziye ezinxulumene ne elwandle. Le ncwadi efanayo kakhulu wakhawulwa njenge uhlobo wayelumkisa nxamnye ubuxoki.

Emva koko ke sentsomi yaguqulelwa German (wenza imbongi Gottfried Burger), zincediswa kwaye izilungiso kwisicatshulwa elandulelayo. Kwaye ke utshintsho zazibalulekile ukuze ukuba neejenali zemfundo enkulu kuluhlu abo babhala "The Adventures of Baron Munchausen", kuvela amagama amabini - Raspe kunye Burger.

prototype

baron buhle, waba ngokwenene-ubomi prototype. Igama layo, efana boncwadi - Munchausen. Hi ndlela leyi, ingxaki ka kokukhutshelwa ifani waseJamani wahlala engekasonjululwa. Korney Chukovsky usungule ukhetho "Munchausen," kodwa kwiintlelo mihla egameni uTshawe zibaliwe ileta "g".

Real Baron, sele ukwaluphala, wayethanda ukuxelela malunga adventures bakhe wokuzingela eRashiya. Abafundi bakhumbula ukuba amathuba enjalo zombalisi mntu ubanika ubomi, waqala gesticulate, kwaye ke kuloo ndoda ithembekileyo iza weva amabali engakholelekiyo. Baye baba kuthandwa, nkqu ukuya cinezela. Kakade ke, inani elifunekayo lithiwe pahaha wayehlonelwa, kodwa abantu babeyazi Baron wayesazi ngubani na kwase ezi mabali ezithandekayo.

iminyaka Last nokufa

Ngowe-1794, umbhali uzama ukubeka kumgodi eIreland, kodwa waqonda kwezicwangciso kuthintele ukufa. Intsingiselo Raspe uncwadi kuphuhliso olungaphezulu inkulu. Ukongeza fyabo lomlinganiswa, leyo sele Classic, phantse ukusuka ekuqaleni (ezinazo zonke iinkcukacha amabali indalo, ezo zikhankanywe ngasentla), Raspe wazoba ingqalelo bomhla ukuya izibongo amandulo zesiJamani. Kwakhona enye yokuqala waziva "Songs of Ossian" - njengentsomi, nangona akazange ayiphikise amaxabiso zabo zenkcubeko.