Zmiivska umqadi e Rostov-on-Don (ifoto)

Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation kukho ezininzi i iindawo, ekhumbuza amaphepha ebuhlungu kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Enye yazo Zmiivska umqadi e Rostov-on-Don. Apha ehlotyeni ka-1942, amaNazi batshabalalisa malunga 27 amawaka abemi, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha apho abantu yamaYuda komzi. Beam yaba indawo inkulu imbokodo abantu ukuba uhlanga umhlaba Russian for lonke ixesha imfazwe. Ngowe-1975, endaweni yayo yokulalisa, sazivula sisikhumbuzo ikhumbuza uluntu inkohlakalo ka abahlala lwamaNazi kwindawo ezinabantu.

Iziganeko owandulela ntlekele

Emva kokuba kuhlaselwe eSoviet Union yi abahlaseli German kwixesha elifutshane ixesha wakwazi ukuthutha kwelo lizwe. Ixesha lokuqala bafika Rostov-on-Don ngoNovemba 1941, kodwa emva kweentsuku ezili-11 ngaphantsi ukumelana oluBomvu Army, kwakufuneka esandleni phezu kwizikhundla zabo. Re amaJamani lasungula ngokuchasene umzi ehlotyeni ka-1942, kangangokuba ngoJulayi 24, bakwazi ukuba awuthathe. Nangoko emveni koko, amaNazi yayalela ukubhaliswa onke amaYuda basekuhlaleni, ubuyeleyo engama-14 ubudala. Ngengqwalasela kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukunxiba nakumfuzelo le hexagram (ezintandathu-yalathe Star kaDavide).

Ukulungiselela kwanokupheliswa kwabantu bamaYuda e Rostov-on-Don eganiweyo ayzanttsgruppa (ukufa squad) «D» ekhokelwa Commander W. WALTHER Bierkamp. Ekubulaweni kwenqwaba kwakhokelela Obersturmbannführer K. Christman. Beka ukutshatyalaliswa umqadi amaYuda Zmiivska kukhethwa. Ukumba zamanzi enzonzobila amphakamisa bengamabanjwa amaNazi zomkhosi eSoviet. Emva kokuba umsebenzi kokuba baye badutyulwa makaphoswe emngxunyeni wemba ngabo.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwabantu abangamaJuda

August 8, amaNazi isasazeka umzi lo umyalelo, njengoko apho amaYuda, amadoda namabhinqa kunye yonke iminyaka bayalelwa ukuba kuza kusasa 11 iingongoma ibandla, apho kuya kufuneka uye kwindawo eyahlukileyo kweso sixeko. Kwakhona khona kufuneka ukufika amalungu eentsapho zamaYuda, enoba nabameli bezinye iintlanga. Abo singasayi kuza, wamsongela ukudubula. A abangama-6 yokuqokelela amanqaku, lowo eziphambili ibekwe ekudibaneni kwe Bolshaya Sadovaya esitalatweni kunye Budonovskim kwiprospekthasi. Ke kaloku kukho somculo umzi.

Ngosuku wamisela izitrato Rostov yabamba amawakawaka amaYuda kunye nabantu abadala, kunye nabasetyhini kunye nabantwana. Kwindawo yokuqokelela eyenziweyo uluhlu lokukhangela weza, yaye ke abantu baqala unciphise. Abo babengakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo, bafakwa iilori, abanye zakhiwa kumhlathi abantu amakhulu aliqela. Izihlwele amaYuda engqongwe gunners submachine kunye nezinja kwakhokelela Zmievskoy ebisenyobeni, apho babelindele ukuba umhadi esandula embiweyo. abantu abakhubazekileyo, owenzakeleyo nabadala basiwa emagumbini igesi, iinqwelo kwempahla, inkunkuma eyityhefu ngaphakathi carbon dioxide.

Abantu bazi kakuhle ukuba baza kufa, kodwa ukubaleka baphume ezandleni lwamaNazi yokuba kungekho ithuba. On-site amaYuda omdala ayeqhutywa kumgwebo wemba izisele wavula umlilo. izidumbu waphoswa emhadini. Abantwana babulawa ngenye indlela: bona eziqatywe imilebe ityhefu ekhawulezayo-esebenza. Abahlali kwiilali ezikufuphi beva umlilo umatshini-umpu ukusuka kwicala umqadi lonke ubusuku nemini olulandelayo. Ngokweerekhodi zembali, apho babulawa 13,6-15 amawakawaka amaYuda kunye neentsapho zabo. Kamva, amaJamani baqalisa ukudubula ngeli xesha amabanjwa yiSoviet emfazwe, komhlaba, i Komsomol, abantu abaphethwe zizifo zengqondo, amabanjwa, benkathazo. Lo mzimba mnye kulahlwa babulawa Gypsies, Kurds, Asiriya kunye Armenia. Total Zmiivska umqadi e Rostov-on-Don sele ingcwaba-27 amawaka abantu.

Ukuvulwa kwisakhiwo yesikhumbuzo

Abahlali esixeko aya kuzilibala nentlekele 1942 kwaye uhloniphe kwakukhunjulwa abantu abafileyo abakulo. Kanye emva kweminyaka engama-30 emva kokoyiswa lwamaNazi eJamani, Meyi 9, 1975, kwisiza nokubulawa kwenqwaba yabantu yamaYuda wayevula kwisakhiwo enkumbulo "Zmiivska umqadi" iifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku. Luqulunqwe yi abayili uN Nersesyantsem kunye R. Muradyan, abakroli kunye B. E. Lopke Lopke, uN Avedikovym. Sikhumbuzo kwakuba imikrolo, iiholo yomngcwabo, eevenkile imbandezelo, ndikhangele, emlilweni ongunaphakade, iipayiloni kwaye ingena kakuhle kungena uhlaza landscape.

inkcazelo imikrolo

Monument "Zmiivska umqadi" yenziwe ngekhonkrithi hina. Kuyinto sisincoko omkhulu oqingqiweyo, kubekwa phezu komhlaba ngaphandle koseko. Sesazulwini sayo umfazi-nonina, lithemba vskinuvshaya izandla phezulu. Kwelinye icala ukuba kukho umntwana luloyiko, yaye kwelinye - ngamadolo indoda endala izandla eyolukileyo, wambopha phambi kwakhe. Kufutshane indoda endala ibonisa inani labantu ababini, omnye umzamo lokugqibela ezama ukufumana phezulu ngezandla zakhe kunye nezinye bebamb egubungele ubuso bakhe.

I ngakumbi bayahlelwa sinzima

Emva kokuba ngokuwa "umqadi Zmiivska" eSoviet Union Memorial ngcembe waqalisa ukuba maxongo. umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa wenziwa kuphela ngo-2009. Namhlanje site lenkumbulo enye engundoqo ezinomtsalane Rostov-on-Don. Abantu beze apha imbeko kwisikhumbuzo zamaxhoba amaNazi njengoba abantu bendawo kunye nabakhenkethi kwezinye izixeko namazwe.

Umbhalo ilitye lesikhumbuzo

Ngowe-2004 Zmievskoy umqadi efakiweyo nelitye othi esemagxeni kwindawo yesikhumbuzo ngaphezu kwama-27 amawaka abameli uhlanga lwamaYuda, kwaye indawo enkulu Ngenkohlakalo kweli lizwe. kwiminyaka 5 kamva umbhalo ukutshintsh ndihambe ndikhetha kuyo ireferensi kumaYuda. Oku ukushukunyiswa yokuba emangcwabeni abantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo eyafakwa. Kwileyibhile ezihlaziyiweyo eziqulathe ulwazi malunga ukungcwatywa umqadi 27 amawaka abahlali zoxolo kunye Red Army amabanjwa emfazwe.

Ngo-2013, phantsi koxinzelelo olusuka kwimibutho yoluntu ekhusela amalungelo amaYuda, kwagqitywa lokutshintsha kokubhaliweyo kwakhona. Namhlanje, umbhalo ilitye lesikhumbuzo ibonakala ukusilela ngakumbi. kubume bayo amathumba phantsi kukuba kummandla yesikhumbuzo ngo-1942 amaNazi ezingaphezulu kwama-27 amawaka iliso yabantu Rostov kunye Red Army. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho nabameli bezizwe ezahlukeneyo. Na elaa litye lithe endaweni ezininzi kakhulu kwanokupheliswa Russian yamaYuda ngexesha lonke ixesha yemfazwe.