Bandera - ngubani na? Bandera ngexesha lemfazwe. flag Bandera

Xa ukukhanya uphuhliso Ukraine ezininzi kakhulu abanomdla Bandera. Ngoobani aba bantu, phi kukushukumisela? Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukuphendula le mibuzo neminye esihlobene kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ezininzi amabali kukududuzela malunga elidlulileyo le intshukumo, abanye abantu ukuzithetha nto, abanye zigwetywa okanye abathiye.

ulwazi Imbali malunga imbonakalo Bandera

Ngoko ke, Bandera - ngubani na ke? A lot of iinkcazelo negative kule ntshukumo. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II yaba abantu abaxhasa ideology Stepana Bandery, inkokeli ye ubuzwe Ukrainian. Benza ezininzi nokubulawa non-Ukraine, ukuzithethelela kunye umnqweno inkululeko kunye geqe kwilizwe labo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho intabalala ubungqina bamatyala ngabalandeli Bandera, izinto ezo ezenzeka ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Bababulala ababexela ezingezozakhe uhlanga Ukrainian, ababa zihlobo abantu bezinye iintlanga. Ezinye kubulala zisenziwa Bandera (iboniswe ngezantsi), abayazi ngokuba ngenye indlela zenkohlakalo. Yonke le nto yaqala ingcamango lokukhululwa Ukraine Koloni ukusuka emandleni bahlaseli Polish.

Stepan Bandera. curriculum vitae

Ke kaloku, malunga inkokheli yombutho yathi. Stepan Bandera wazalwa ngo-1909 kwintsapho umbingeleli Greek-Katolika. Ukongezelela intsapho yakhe waba nabantwana abathandathu. Ngokucacileyo, ingcamango ubuzwe Stepan imbibed neemfundiso kayise, owayezama ukuba adlulisele intanda yakhe nabantwana. Oku kube negalelo leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, lwenzeka phambi lomntwana msinya ngakumbi.

Bandera wahlala endlwini kayise de-1919, emva koko wafudukela kwidolophu Stryi kunye ababhalise esikolweni. Kuyo, wafunda iminyaka esibhozo. Kwaba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo waza waqalisa imisebenzi yakhe wesizwe leyo kamva kwakhokelela koko wabonakala kwi Ukraine Bandera. Waba inkokeli kolutsha Ukraine Western, ndikhusela ukuzimela kwayo nayiphi na indlela, hayi disdaining nditsho into yokuba ngoku, kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, kuthiwa ubugrogrisi.

imisebenzi Political Stepana Bandery

Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, Stepan, ngaphandle kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, benza umsebenzi ayinikwe kwintlangano Ukrainian emkhosini. Bandera apho ukususela izifundo zesikolo igrama aphezulu. Ilungu esemthethweni kwalo mbutho, waba ngo-1927. Umsebenzi waqala kwisebe ubukrelekrele, kwaye emva kokuba ubuxoki. Emva kwakhe oselula abo babambelela izimvo zalo olukhulu ubuzwe.

Ngexesha umsebenzi walo mbutho, eye eziphakamileyo kakhulu yaye bathandwe, ingakumbi kwisixeko saseLviv, leyo Bandera (njengoko zazibizwa ngoko) ngokwenene babecinga ukuba into ebubutshinga. Waba inkokheli yombutho OUN ngokufihlakeleyo.

Ngoku kancinci malunga lomsebenzi yezopolitiko Stepan. Ukuze lihlawulwe zokubulawa eziliqela eziququzelelwe aziwayo ezopolitiko, lowo ngelo xesha bezwe alwa. Kuba omnye kubo '34 yena enetyala waza wagwetywa ukufa, nto leyo, Noko ke, emva kwexesha elithile, saba sobomi entolongweni. Entolongweni, wachitha iminyaka 39 nini, ngenxa umsebenzi Poland, onke amabanjwa (kunye nabo, Stepan) bakhululwa.

Inkokeli isizwe baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo. Kwaye xa siqwalasela umbuzo "Bandera - ngoobani" Impendulo ukuba abalandeli bakhe kanye shoka him.

Bandera Imisebenzi ngexesha Second World War

Ngeli xesha Stepan wakhululwa nje. Kunye abalandeli bakhe, wayetyelela eLviv, apho kuhlolwa imeko yaye yagqiba ukuba ngoku utshaba engundoqo ukuzimela Ukraine eSoviet Union.

Sinako ukucinga ukuba Ukrainian Bandera ngokusesikweni yavela emva ekwahlulweni OUN, xa isithuba zentloko lombutho baqalisa amabango abantu ababini kunye iimbono malunga ngokupheleleyo. It Bandera kunye A. Miller. Ingcinga yokuqala Germany ayiyi kunceda Ukraine ukuba afumane inkululeko oyifunayo, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba uthembele kuphela ngokwabo. Umfelandawonye amaJamani akwazi voprinimat nomphumo yethutyana nje kuphela. Ingcinga yesibini ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ekugqibeleni, bonke baya iinkampu zabo. Ekufutshane abaxhasi Bandera intsimbi Lenkavsky S., J. Stetsko, Lebedev, V. Ohrimovich, R. Shukhevich.

NgoJuni 1941, isenzo eso bekuxela ukuvuselela karhulumente Ukrainian, umphumo apho nowokupheliswa Bandera eluvalelweni eJamani. AmaJamani Andikuthandi ekutshintsheni iziganeko. Njengoko kuxelwe ngenx 'Stepan, baba izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo kakhulu Ukraine.

Entolongweni waseJamani Bandera wahlala de September 44. Akuzange kwindawo esekugqibeleni, ukuba nokubakho izaphuli zezopolitiko nje ezinjalo. BaseJamani ngokwabo iminyaka emithathu yakhululwa Stepan simahla. Oku kunokuba sisenzo zoqhankqalazo ezichasene nama isibhengezo lakhe geqe Ukrainian.

Ezi iminyaka emithathu Bandera ayikwazanga ukungena kwezombangazwe, nangona baqhubeka benxibelelana kunye noogxa bakhe nomfazi wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, lonke eli xesha, Western Ukraine, apho Bandera ayikho ugibisela imisebenzi yayo yaqhubeka ukulwa imimandla bahlaseli.

Stepana Bandery impilo emva kokukhululwa

Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe ngoSeptemba 1944 Bandera ugqiba ukuba ahlale ukuhlala eJamani. Ukungakwazi ukubuyela kummandla eSoviet Union akuzange kumthintele ukuba aququzelele kwisebe lwangaphesheya OUN (B).

Ngeli xesha, ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, yena kugaywa kwaye wasebenza kwicandelo lookhetshe kunye counterintelligence eJamani. Kodwa eminye imithombo, wala eso sithembiso.

Kude amahlanu, le ndoda wakhokelela ubomi conspirator, njengoko isaziso ezingela, kodwa emva kokuba wafudukela Munich kunye nentsapho yakhe. Kude ekupheleni kwemihla yakhe, wahamba ndawonye namadindala, ukuba azikhusele ekuhlaselweni, leyo, ngasendleleni, baba baninzi. Apha wayemazi phantsi kwegama Popel.

Noko ke, oku akuzange ukumsindisa ekufeni. Ngowe-1959, yena wabulawa KGB B. Stashinsky. Bandera wadubula ebusweni kunye ngompu-isirinji (umxholo - benqanda potassium). Wakwazi ungasindisi, endleleni eya esibhedlele wafa Stepan. Emva wadubula wabanjwa wathumela entolongweni iminyaka esibhozo. Emva kokuphuma siso Stashinsky Isiphelo ayaziwa.

Emva kokufa Bandera wahlala intsapho - umfazi wakhe Oparovskaya Yaroslav, nyana uAndreya, intombi Natalia kunye Les. Nangona zonke izenzo zabo, usapho ebathanda vika ngamandla.

Ngoko yaphela ubomi indoda ngungqondongqondo emva intshukumo wesizwe Western Ukraine, kwakunye ngumququzeleli zokubulawa ezininzi zezopolitiko. abalandeli bakhe benze inqwaba ezininzi, ezimele emva ingcamango ukuzimela Ukraine kaThixo, inkululeko yalo ukusuka Polish, yaye kamva abasemagunyeni eSoviet.

Ngo-2010, Bandera wawongwa isihloko uHero Ukraine, nangona abantu abaninzi ningabagwebanga kuyo. Noko ke, ngo-2011 i-Ephakamileyo Administrative Court of Ukraine, kwagqitywa ukuba lo mntu aziyi kuqwalaselwa liqhawe.

abalandeli Bandera phakathi World Second

Ngoko ke, nokuqhubeka imisebenzi yayo ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi yeSibini, Bandera (iifoto zenkohlakalo namhlanje zifumaneka ngokubanzi) ngokubonakalayo waqalisa ukulwa kuqala kunye nomsebenzi Polish, uze kunye amaJamani yazuza Red Army. Ukrainian Kabul Army (UPA), apho inkxaso ingcamango geqe Ukraine Stepan kwasekwa. Iintshaba bonke - amaYuda, imiqobo kunye nezinye iintlanga. Ke bonke ukuba zitshatyalaliswe.

An mlandeli engumlawuli kunye umhlobo Bandera AmaRoma Shukhevych, owathi xa engekho phantse kwakhokelela OUN. Ngowe-'41 wazithoba nomkhosi "Nachtigall", nto leyo yatshatyalaliswa inani elikhulu abemi uhlanga Polish umzi. Ukususela loo mzuzu kunye zaqala ukunciphisa labemi ngoxolo Ukraine.

Xa sincokola ngakumbi malunga nemisebenzi yakhe, lo ngowona nomkhosi onoxanduva kokufa abemi kwilali Belarusian ka Khatyn, azigqibi itshatyalaliswa.

Ukongezelela akhawunti zazo kunye nezinye izenzo, eyile ukubulawa lali Korbelisy e Volyn. Abaninzi bephila. Bonke ngexesha ngokubulala abantu malunga 2.800.

zenzo udale kwilali Lozovaya, apho ngaphezu kwekhulu abahlali babulawa, kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo ukuxhaphaza.

Kukho nobunye ubungqina isiphelo eyoyikekayo abahlali. Phantse bonke abantwana ukuba ngabaluphi na uhlanga Ukrainian bazizisulu ekufeni, ukholo. iindawo ezininzi lakrazuka okanye otrubyvali ezahlukeneyo umzimba, uhlatyiwe. Ezinye ephila, zibotshelelwe esibondeni ngocingo oluhlabayo. Kuba ngokwenene kuye amaxesha anomngcipheko.

Namhlanje, kukho mbali abakholelwa ukuba abameli OUN-UPA banandiphe ngokwenene inkohlakalo kwenziwa ngabo. Nkqu amaNazi German babengawuthandi njalo. Le datha ziqokelelwa kwiingxelo ze babanjwa kwaye ancina Bandera. Kwakhona bathi baseJamani abanye kusebenzisana nabo.

Bandera abe yinxalenye UPA

Bandera UPA - it bakha umkhosi exhobileyo, nto leyo ilawulwe iinkokheli OUN (B). Ngoko ke waqala wangena kuyo abameli ezahlukeneyo owaxhasa eli intshukumo kunye umbono wabo.

Eyona njongo yayo yaba kuzinze Soviet, kwakunye ukutshatyalaliswa yonke into yaye bonke abantu abazalani eUkraine. abantu abaninzi khumbula inkohlakalo yabo, xa ndawo anqamka kuphela ngezinto kwenye uhlanga.

Ngexesha lokukhululwa oluBomvu Army kwi UPA, kwakukho malunga amahlanu amawaka mlilo esebenzayo. Ngamnye kubo ukuma kwabo kweyabo umlinganiswa nzima kunye nenzondo kubenzi "iBhodi", nto leyo ebangele ukuba kwiminyaka edlulileyo of repressions Stalin kaThixo.

Noko ke, kwakukho ubuthathaka emkhosini. Kakade ke, iimbumbulu, kunye nobunini nompu.

Indlela yokwenza Bandera ngexesha lemfazwe

Xa bexoxa zolwaphulo-mthetho Bandera abe yinxalenye UPA, ngoko namhlanje, yi nemigangatho ka-mbali, ukuba baninzi kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngokuxhomekeke ukufa kwabantu 200 ukusuka kwidolophana Kuta (Armenia nezibonda). Bonke excised ngexesha kohlanga ndawo.

I Volyn Massacre ezaziwayo-kakuhle abachaphazelekayo iindawo ezininzi. Yaba ixesha eyoyikekayo. Ezinye iinkokheli isindululo phambi kwethu ngqo nale mbono: ke intsimi iya kuba ngabantu ngaphantsi, kodwa lizakucoca Ukraine.

Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukeneyo, ngoxa ukufa ebantwini amabini ukuya ezilikhulu lamawaka (kwaye oko kwaba abemi!) Xa izandla zabantu abaxhasa ingcamango ubuzwe phantsi kobunkokheli Stepan Bandera. Nayiphi na, nkqu iintshukumisa odume kunene, akakwazi kumgwebela ukufa abantu abaninzi kangaka.

ngxabano Bandera

Bandera cala libangela inkcaso omkhulu kubo kuzinze yiSoviet ngexesha lemfazwe. Njengoko inkululeko Ukraine ukusuka amaJamani iRed Army zenyuse lawo kunye nokusekwa kwe-UPA. Bazama ukuthintela ukusekwa komhlaba "yakhe" umbuso eSoviet. Kwenziwe izenzo ezahlukeneyo ngabom, umzekelo, ukutshiswa iivenkile, etshabalalisa imigca yocingo, kwakunye ukubulawa abantu abakuloo Red Army. Maxa wambi iintsapho anqamka kuphela ngenxa yokuba wayethembekile ukuya kuzinze Russian.

amabutho Soviet, njengoko inkululeko nemimandla, wenziwe ayitshayele isizwe German-Ukrainian. Ziye kutshatyalaliswa phantse onke amaqela amakhulu UPA. Noko ke, kwakukho iiyunithi ezincinane, ezo nzima ngakumbi ukubamba ukuba.

Elo yaba lixesha elinzima Ukraine Koloni. Kwelinye icala - eSoviet Army, leyo kwenziwa ngokugaya besilisa abadala. Kwelinye - ukusekwa UPA, apho itshatyalaliswa wonke umntu waba ubuncinane ngendlela ethile enxulumene kunye qumrhu.

Emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II ngomhla kummandla sokuxolelwa evela kumaqela wesizwe zathunyelwa abaqeshwa NKGB kunye NKVD. Ukongeza, athwala umsebenzi ecacisayo phakathi kwabantu, kangangokuba wadala ekuthiwa-"imikhosi etshabalalisayo". Bona bancedisana ephambili ekupheliseni zamaqela emigulukudu.

Bandera Ukulwa waqhubeka kwaze ngamahlanu, xa boyiswa amaqela komhlaba OUN-UPA.

abalandeli Bandera ixesha yanamhlanje

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, intsimi Ukrainian kunokwenzeka ukuba sigcine abalandeli imvuselelo Stepana Bandery. Ukraine abaninzi zaqalisa ukuyikholelwa le ubuzwe, nangona kunjalo, siye Balibele malunga ngaloo maxesha eyoyikekayo, ngoko ke. Mhlawumbi uzifune ibhaxa. Stepan Bandera waba isithixo abantu abaninzi abatsha, njengoko kwakunjalo kanye. Ezinye besizukulwana abadala bakholelwa (kunye kuzisola) ukuba ayizizo zonke Bandera batshatyalaliswe nootatomkhulu babo. Iimbono ezahlukeneyo, kwaye womelele.

Abaxhasi kunye nabalandeli inkokeli OUN ukugubha usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe izithixo umngcelele itotshi, ezineeflegi kwaye bomvu ze-emnyama. Zingasebenza ubuso babo, kunye armbands nibambe eni ngaye. Umngcelele kwenzeka phantse kuwo umzi, kodwa oko akuthethi kwenzeka yonke indawo. Abanye abantu sengqondo ophambene ekubonakalisweni eliqaqambileyo enjalo imbeko Stepana Bandery.

Ke ukuba ideology, i Bandera yanamhlanje e Ukraine ndayisusayo neyezingaphambili. Nditsho esithi "Uzuko eUkraine - Heroes Uzuko" lathathwa kubo.

Olube wabalandeli Stepana Bandery

Umfuziselo isizwe namhlanje, ngokunjalo kumaxesha adluleyo, ilaphu elibomvu-and-emnyama. Le flag Bandera kwavunywa umva ngo-1941. Libonakalisa mbuso, umzabalazo umsebenzi kumazwe Ukrainian. Noko ke, ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II oko akuyi isoloko isetyenziswa, njengoko ngexesha langoku.

Ukuba sithethe ngokuthe ngqo iflegi, ezi imibala zifumaneka kumazwe amaninzi iziganeko ezinjalo yotshintsho olululo. Umzekelo, iye yasetyenziswa rhoqo kuzo Latin America.

Ngoko, xa ucinga: "Bandera - ngoobani aba bantu?" Ndifuna ukubakhankanya iflegi babo emva kokuzimela Ukraine kunye neziganeko ezilandelayo iye ukuluqonda kakhulu.

ezikhumbuzo Modern ku Bandera kunye amaxhoba akhe

Namhlanje, kukho izikhumbuzo ezininzi embhoxo unya olwenziwa yi amaxhoba kunye eyashiya Bandera ngexesha lemfazwe. Bona ibekwe kwizixeko ezininzi nasezilalini. Eli nani likhulu kubo zifumaneka eLviv ezingqongileyo. Kwakhona, kukho iziza efanayo Lugansk, Svatovo, Shalygin e Simferopol, kwi Volyn kunye Ternopil iingingqi.

E Poland, kwisixeko Legnica, kukho lonke mall elungiselelwe amaxhoba ka-kwiNkongolo. Wroclaw i lesikhumbuzo-yamangcwaba kukhunjulwa amaxhoba, abo bawa OUN-kwiNkongolo kwiminyaka 39-47 lwekhulu lokugqibela.

Noko ke, kukho kwakhona ilitye lesikhumbuzo ku Bandera kunye ePoland. Kuyinto sisondele Radymno. Ngokungekho mthethweni ifakiwe, akukho nokuba umyalelo ukudilizwa wayo; kodwa isikhumbuzo nangoku ixabisa kakuhle oko.

Ukongeza, kukho ezikhumbuzo ezininzi Stepan Bandera. Western Ukraine bathi saa imali eyaneleyo - ukusuka ezikhumbuzo amakhulu kwengeniso amancinci. Kukho kwakhona uphesheya, umzekelo, eJamani, apho yangcwatywa inkokeli intshukumo Ukrainian ubuzwe.