Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba sinxibelelane njengabaphambukeli? Saya abafike apho Emhlabeni?

Emva phaya 1960, oko kubanjwe lilinge lokuqala ukuba sinxibelelane njengabaphambukeli, besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe phezulu. Emva koko, i ngeenkwenkwezi ogama uFrank Drake benethemba ukuba ukubamba umqondiso ovela njengabaphambukeli wathumela iinkwenkwezi ezimbini sunlike a yerediyo. Bona zibekwe kumgama ukukhanya iminyaka 11 ukusuka emhlabeni wethu. Le experiment akazange kuzale. Noko ke, phezu engamashumi amahlanu ezayo nangona ayenzi ukudibana njengabaphambukeli, kodwa wafunda ngazo kancinane ngakumbi.

Ngaba bukho ubomi kwisithuba ongaphandle

Okokuqala, izifundo olwenziwe kutshanje lubonisa ukuba ubomi emhlabeni bethu zigcinwe kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu. Kwamagciwane, ukuhlafuna methane, bahlala phantsi bolwandle emaweni. Bayakwazi ukuba ephila ioksijini-abahluphekileyo iimeko, nkqu anzongonzongo kakhulu. Bangakwazi nifunyanwe e Antarctica, ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha umaleko ikhilomitha ngumkhenkce, apho izigidi zeminyaka akayaphula kwelanga. Ukuba ezi amagciwane ingaphila kwiimeko ezinzima, kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba ezinye izijikelezi-langa bakwazi ukuhamba ngathi nokuswela.

Okwesibini, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba amanzi engamanzi, nto leyo Ngumqondiso ukuphila emhlabeni, akukho kuphela Earth. Umzekelo, iYurophu kunye Ganymede (satellite kaZeyus) ukufihla iilwandle ezinkulu, ezo ngandlel efanayo emhlabeni phantsi komhlaba yakhe arctic. ithemba okulungileyo ebomini show neenyanga ezininzi likaSaturn. Titan, edume kunye inkulu nenyanga likaSaturn, kukho ulwandle methane twisisaka.

Okwesithathu, oosonzululwazi baye bafumanisa exoplanets ngaphezu kwama 1,800 ngaphandle wezijikelezi-langa. The Milky Way ingaba nje malunga neetriliyoni iiplanethi. Omnye abahlanu kubo kunokuba abe Earth. Ukuba nokuba 1% yazo zonke neeplaneti kumnyele wethu iMilky Way, uya kufana Umhlaba, amanani ziya isimanga kakhulu. Ngoko ke, abaphandi bezisoloko ekufuneni ubomi esithubeni ongaphandle.

Ngaba abafike bafika on Earth

Kukho intabalala bubungqina ukuba iplanethi yethu kumaxesha amandulo behambela Akunakwenzeka. Ezinye izibakala nje asikwazi bachaza yi enye into.

Thabatha, umzekelo, "nezinto ezingaqhelekanga" yafunyanwa zakudala. Imvelaphi ezi zinto ngokucacileyo eyenziwe ngumntu, kodwa iminyaka yabo iqikelelwa kwi amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka. Ngexesha kwakhiwe ibhulorho yokudibanisa Vladivostok wagodukela kwisiqithi Russian, amaqhekeza metal kwikholam emhlabeni afunyanwa, ogama ubudala yiminyaka million 240 ubudala. Iimvavanyo ezaqhutywa ngo elabhoratri baye babonisa ukuba ngamalungu iindlela ngendlela. Kodwa ngubani onokubangela kubo ngelo xesha?

Lilliput emangcwabeni, eyafunyanwa 1937 kumda Tibet kunye neTshayina, kodwa musa phumzani izazinzulu. Ngomhla enye headstones kubhaliwe ukuba umhlaba ngamawaka-13. Kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwafika-amathontsi, kodwa inqanawa yabo ingqubekile, ngoko kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlale kule planethi. Mhlawumbi ngelo xesha, qha yokuqala kunye njengabaphambukeli. Kunjalo, kule ndawo ukususela Lilliputians ubomi, ogama ukukhula ayidluli 120 cm. Bazibiza inzala kuncipha.

Obunye ubungqina bokuba Buzani batyelela Earth, - iBhayibhile. KwiNcwadi ka uHezekile, ngokunjalo kwiTestamente eNdala ichaza izixhobo zobugcisa ukuba iingelosi nkqu wasebenzisa uThixo ukuba behle beze Earth. Kakade ke, oku kufuna wathandabuza waphezulu ezi zidalwa, kodwa kuqinisekisa umbono ukuba iplanethi yethu kumaxesha amandulo yabasemzini ziwela. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba abantu abaninzi, ukuba sonke, imvelaphi komhlaba.

Ngoko ke, asinakukwazi ngaphandle abafowunelwa njengabaphambukeli. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba intlanganiso nabo ukuze yenzeke kakuhle. Abantu bakulungele ukwamkela lo umqondiso sisemajukujukwini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inkqubo ekhethekileyo sele sivelisiwe nokuba, leyo ngoku ukuxoxa.

inkqubo Seti

Seti - ligama eliqhelekileyo zemisebenzi kunye neeprojekthi ezijolise ukunxibelelana njengabaphambukeli ukufunwa ingqondo komhlaba. Abaphandi, abasebenza kule program, iphupho enye into: ukubamba umqondiso okuthe evela abameli ingqondo komhlaba, ukuzama ukudibanisa nabantu. Ngowe-1989, bafumana protocol zoqhagamshelwano ezizodwa njengabaphambukeli, nto leyo eya kuthi yongezwe ngo-2010.

Yintoni omele uyenze ukuba ubuhlobo kunye ushiye UFO? Qhagamshelana ne njengabaphambukeli, imfihlakalo Kakade, ngeke igcinwe. Nangona kunjalo, kunyanzelekile ukuba zilandele ngqo le migaqo ilandelayo yenzelwe Seti:

• ofumana uphawu kufuneka kuqala uqinisekise ukuba krelekrele komhlaba, hayi ingxolo yabantu okanye yendalo kungenzeka umthombo wayo;
• ukuba kuzipapasha iziphumo yalowo nalowo wamkela umqondiso, kufuneka ukulumkisa abameli Seti ngasese, ukuze bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ubukho balo kwaye kumanyana ukuze ukufunda kube;
• discoverer uya kwazisa General Secretariat yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye International Astronomical Society;
• uphawu kufuneka iphendulwe kuphela emva kokubonisana nee-arhente zamazwe ngamazwe.

kwalo isithuba baye bazama ukwenza uqhagamshelwano njengabaphambukeli. Ngelishwa, ukuba ngoku zonke imiyalezo azikho. Xa ngokungaqheleki abaninzi le miyalezo, yinto elungileyo, kuba akukho bani owaziyo oko njengabaphambukeli bacinga ngayo abantu, ukuba abambe ezi zimpawu. Sinikezela ukuba uqhelane kunye amalinge edume kakhulu futhi engaqhelekanga ukuseka uqhagamshelwano njengabaphambukeli.

Umdlalo Crop

Okwangoku, ukubonakala lweepateni engaqhelekanga zejometri emasimini idla ukwathulelw yabasemzini, kodwa ekuqaleni kwakucingwa ukuba ungathembekanga ongafunda le ndlela njengabaphambukeli, kunye nabantu bezama ukuba sinxibelelane iintlanga ezingaziwayo. Ngoko ke, uCarl Friedrich GAUSS, sezibalo odumileyo waseJamani ngubani ngothando abanomdla geodesy ngo-1820 wagqiba myalezo kufuneka zibonakale ukusuka ntaka iliso ngenjongo yabasemzini uwafunde. Ngoko yezibalo ecetywayo oku kulandelayo: kuyimfuneko ukugawula inxalenye enkulu neSiberia. Kufuneka uyithathe le fomu i kanxantathu enkulu, ngoko uhlwayela rye yakhe.

Le asiyondlela kuphela lokuqhagamshelana njengabaphambukeli, ocetywayo yi GAUSS. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba naye wenza isixhobo ekhethekileyo lokubonelela-elide umgama signal ukukhanya. Wayibiza helioscope. Owona msebenzi wayo ukuba imilinganiselo geodetic, kodwa ngoncedo kwelanga kubonakaliswa, 'uyise kwimathematika' luzama ukuseka uqhagamshelwano yabasemzini earthlings.

kweminyaka engama-20 kamva, uYosefu von Littrow, i ngeenkwenkwezi Austria, ababekholelwa ukuba nenyanga omiweyo, wacela ukuba ukumba setyhula sekhilomitha-30 umsele kwiSahara entlango. Kwacetywa ukuba sifunxe separafini kwaye kuzitshisa ngomlilo ebusuku, kubemi inyanga wabona thina. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba zombini ezi oosonzululwazi - kunye Littrow, kunye GAUSS - babekholelwa ukuba iimilo zejiyometri - yindlela egqibeleleyo ukugqithisa umyalezo yabasemzini njengoko imithetho zemathematika kuxhomekeke yonke indalo.

Ukukhanya kanzulu

Indlela abafike ngayo ukunxibelelana nabantu? Qhagamshelana, wacinga Sharl Kro, oko kwenziwa ngoncedo lokukhanya. Le mbongi French kunye umsunguli, xa kubonakala phezu Venus ne Mars libunile izibane (bona mhlawumbi ezinye isimo sezulu), wagqiba ukuba ukukhanya izixeko yalapha. Ngowe-1867, Sharl Kro wabhala "Isishwankathelo unxibelelwano kunokwenzeka kunye iiplanethi", neminyaka 2 kamva ecetywayo ukusebenzisa i 'ukufunyanwa' kokukhanya sombane kunye ulwalathiso elizayo oko kubo Venus noMars sisipili ekhethekileyo ezizekelisayo. Kwangaxeshanye, wayekholelwa le umphandi, imitha ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka idanyaze ukufumana uhlobo ikhowudi worse.

Cro bakholwa: la matyendyana baqonde ukuba lo myalezo kunokuba kweenkwenkwezi ezibengezelayo. Noko ke, abaphengululi babengaqinisekanga ukuba mngeni enjalo bakwazi ukucombulula izibuko ezincinane. Ngoko, koko wabakhuthaza ukuba uRhulumente French nesicelo ukufaka kugqame elikhulu oluziphumelayo ethile entlango. Lwezikhalazo umsunguli, ngelishwa, walahlwa; ngoko ke akukho ndiyaphupha zemibongo Cro zoqhagamshelwano ukuhlakanipha komhlaba.

Macwecwe "Oovulindlela"

NASA ngasekuqaleni-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela waqalisa isithuba iziphekepheke yaqonda, eyaziwa ngokuba "Pioneer 10" yaye "Pioneer 11". umsebenzi wabo ukuphonononga uJupiter likaSaturn, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi iinqanawa yayiphawuleka kuphela Akunakuba nzima zobugcisa. Emacaleni azo ipleyiti ingaqhelekanga eyenziwe aluminium steel. Kutheni kufuneka?

Frenk Dreyk and uCarl Sagan, lo ngeenkwenkwezi odumileyo, wayekholelwa ukuba baza kunceda abaqalayo baqonde ngayo yaye kutheni iingeniso "Oovulindlela". Emacebeni eziqhotyoshelwe inqanawa iye ngokwalo mzobo inkqubo solar, banikwe umgama ukusuka Sun ukuya emhlabeni. Ngaphaya koko, i-atom hydrogen phezu kwabo, inkunzi nemazi bachazwa.

Ngelishwa, NASA walahlekana inqanawa "Pioneer 10" ngo-2003, yaye kwiminyaka 2 kamva, kunye "Pioneer 11". Ngoko ke, siye Ngeningalifumananga ingaba njengabaphambukeli ukuqonda la manani. Bambi bathi malunga nokuba ingaba esi senzo senza uphando lwenzululwazi ezibalulekileyo okanye nje inkunkuma imali ziphanzile. Mhlawumbi njengabaphambukeli ke akukho ziyakhawuleza ukuba yokuqhagamshelana kunye nathi.

imiyalezo Space ethunyelwe ngabantu kuneengxaki ezininzi. Zingakotshwa kuthelekiswa nexesha njengezingxobo. Khumbula, umzekelo, isitshixo i "Crypt of Impucuko", ibekwe kwi US imo Georgia (e-University Olgtorpskom). Le philisi na indawo, leyo itywiniweyo hermetically ngo-1940. Ngaphakathi kuyinto isethi izinto, kuquka script for the film "Gone kunye Wind" kunye beer nokupakishwa.

Le crypt, Kakade, wakhawulwa njenge inkcubeko sokubumbela zenkulungwane yama-20, sijoliswe kwinzala earthlings. Kodwa yena, njengokuba umyalezo intergalactic, sinika umbono engacacanga kakhulu malunga iimpawu kwexesha. Imiselwe ukuba ukuvula phakathi kwiminyaka 6100. Qonda ukuba abantu ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ifilimu "Gone kunye Wind '?

Marek Kultis uchaza ukuba akukho ukutyhilwa nobunzima imifanekiso oganogram abasetyhini kunye namadoda ngenxa nabemi yanamhlanje behlabathi. Noko ke, ukuba "Pioneer" ufanele yabasemzini, ukuba wayecinga ukuba umntu - nto nje ingqokelela amalungu ahlukeneyo emzimbeni (iinwele, ubuso, izihlunu pectoral eyindoda, echazwe kulo mzobo ngokohlobo amanani ezivaliweyo ngamnye). Ukungazi earthlings, sinako ukucinga yokuba bahlala phezu kwamanzi la manani kwaye bamele inyoka-ezifana izidalwa elide (umgca evulekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa amadolo, collarbone nesisu).

Arecibo Umyalezo

Phantse ngexesha elinye bekusungulwa "Oovulindlela", ngeenkwenkwezi bethatha Ukuxoxa umbuzo ukuba unako ukuqhagamshelana yimpucuko yalapha ngoncedo iisignali zerediyo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kangako abachatshazelwa uthuli yokuba, njengokuba ukukhanya. Kwakhona, umsakazo abe kwamaza elide. Abo Sagan and Drake weza umyalezo entlantlu lemivo 1679. Kuyo ukuba yeekhowudi ifomula DNA, kwaye inani atom hydrogen, ioksijini kunye nezinye izinto. Ukongeza, imiyalezo equlethe amanani 1 ukuya kwi-10 kabili.

Izazinzulu November 16, 1974 zidluliselwe ukusuka Arecibo Observatory, ibekwe e Puerto Rico, ubude uphawu radio lemizuzwana 169. Bathumela kuye kwicala M13 cluster inkwenkwezi, sise umgama omalunga 25,000 ukukhanya-kwiminyaka kude iplanethi yethu. Kubonakala ukuba nokuba abameli ingqondo komhlaba baya kufumana qha lwakhe lokuqala kunye njengabaphambukeli kwiminyaka ubuncinane 40 amawaka.

imbasa ngegolide

I-US arhente indawo 1977, wenze ukusungulwa iiyunithi ezimbini ngaphezulu, umsebenzi ogama kukufundela iiplanethi zangaphandle wezijikelezi-langa. Sithetha izixhobo "Voyager 1" kunye "Voyager 2". Nganye kuzo mayixhotyiswe imbasa ngegolide apho abhalwa zomculo abhalwe, iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, izandi endalo, yaye kwakukho imifanekiso asixelela malunga earthlings. beza bonke enye, uKarl Sagan eli xesha up nge wakrola case of Emacebeni azo scheme ufakelo inaliti njengabaphambukeli ikwazi ukuzandisa umyalezo. Kwathiwa eqhotyoshelwe imiyalelo sokujika yevidiyo amaza kumfanekiso. Ngaphezu koko, oko yabonakala yintoni ngesantya kufuneka ungalahla la macwecwe.

Namhlanje, zombini ezi yunithi labhabha ekupheleni kwenkqubo elanga. Zezona ezikude kakhulu ukusuka Umhlaba izinto ngumntu. Zombini ezi zixhobo nangoku uthumela zimpawu ukuze emhlabeni wethu, kodwa sekunjalo ufumene iindaba impendulo evela emajukujukwini.

"Call cosmic"

Zaytsev arkadiy Leonidovich, yamachiza Russian esifunda izijikelezi-radar, wasungula indlela yokwenza uqhagamshelwano njengabaphambukeli. Uye sele ithunyelwe kwi-5 imiyalezo oluphakathi, abanye babo multi. Emva ngo 1999 wathumela wokuqala "Space Call" phantsi "iqela loqhagamshelwano", wadala ngurhulumente. Oku "ukubiza" eyayibhekiswa iinkwenkwezi ezine kwangoko. umyalezo radio Zaitseva zaziqulethwe kwaye multipage Rosetta Stone. Ngoko ufologists ngokuba bitmap, nto leyo ebonisa ulwazi encyclopedia malunga ihlabathi, endingowakhe kuluntu.

i "Call Space" yesibini waphoswa ngo-2003. Ngokwemvelo yabo, kwaba phantse twatse kowokuqala, kodwa waba inkcazelo engakumbi malunga nabantu ngokwabo. Zombini unobumba wokuqala nowesibini ithunyelwe nge ibekwe Yalta (Ukraine) radar-langa. Ngelishwa, umbuzo enoba kukho ukunxibelelana njengabaphambukeli, Arkady Leonidovich de kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuphendula kwi negative. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba lo myalezo uya kufikelela kwiindawo ezininzi.

Hi ndlela leyi, Zaitsev ayiphelelanga kungentla, ezama ukufumana phandle ukuba wenze njani ukunxibelelana njengabaphambukeli. Weza kunye kulandelayo: neqela thumela omnye umyalezo radio emajukujukwini, kwaye lwaqhutywa ngo-2001. Ukuze kuphunyezwe lo msebenzi, uye utsale abafundi ukusuka eMoscow, Voronezh, ukulungela ukusebenza kunye Zheleznogorsk. Eli xesha, umxholo womyalezo ilula kakhulu. Endaweni yoko, izibalo kunye nezinye izinto ezinzima yaba art: abafundi ziye zanceda izazinzulu ukuba ukhethe umculo ukuba abameli impucuko komhlaba, waza wathumela ngumtshangatshangiso zoonomathotholo kwicala Big Dipper, kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi ezintlanu kunye neenkqubo elanga. Ngoko ke uya kwenza xa wadibana njengabaphambukeli? Ukuba akukho wedwa kwindalo iphela, 'amadoda green "kakade 2047 baya kunandipha imisebenzi Vivaldi, uBeethoven kunye Gershwin.

Advertising Doritos

EISCAT - Research Institute, nto leyo ngo-2008 amanqaku isenzo ezinkulu. Iiyure ezintandathu eli ziko yasasazwa chips zentengiso Doritos emajukujukwini. Yinto funny ukuba njongo iphambili yale inyathelo elikhulu-scale ukutsala ingqalelo, kungekhona njengabaphambukeli kunye earthlings. Isibakala sokuba umbutho kwesayensi eYurophu iphele kakhulu mali ngenxa yintoni efunwa ngabantu imali.

intengiso Broadcast lwaqhutywa ngohlobo MPEG-ikhowudi babathwalela ngaphandle ngoncedo radar. Abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe yale yeentengiso ithuba abahlali ibekwe lekroza Ursa Major nenomlanga Way, nto leyo 42 kuphela iminyaka ukukhanya iplanethi yethu. Ayaziwa indlela abafike baza kusabela kule ntengiso. Abafownelwa, akhawunti kuFacebook kunye nezimvo izazinzulu musani ukunika impendulo ecacileyo lo mbuzo. Abameli lempucuko komhlaba kuhlala imfihlakalo kuthi.

Latest Izithombe

Ukususela ekupheleni kwehlabathi, zilindelekile apha ku-2012, akazange athabathe ndawo, igama "Latest Izithombe" namhlanje izandi awungeni ndawo. Lo myalezo cosmic yi capsule kunye nemifanekiso iplanethi yethu kunye nabemi bayo. Yena ngoku ukuhamba kuyo indalo. Le philisi wathunyelwa emajukujukwini ngenjongo ekufumaneni yabasemzini uthi kubo malunga ubukho yethu, ukuba ezinye ubomi ngenxa on Earth ngonaphakade sicinywa.

Artist Trevor Paglen nguye umbhali wale projekthi enika umdla. Wasebenzisa ngokunempumelelo ngemincili eyavelayo ehlabathini apocalypse, ukubonisa imifanekiso ihlabathi wenza. Kufuneka uhlawule irhafu Paglenu - imisebenzi yakhe emnandi. Zazimele lonke ubomi boluntu. Kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu, le umfoti abonisane izazinzulu zibhetele zobulumko ngexesha lethu, ukwenza imifanekiso kuyo esengqiqweni kunokwenzeka. ngoko Paglen uqhumisele ngazo ukuya ekhethekileyo diski ultra-archive, ize emva koko ithunyelwe kwi emajukujukwini.

umcabango

Izama ukuqhagamshelana naye njengabaphambukeli zidla ngokusekwa kusetyenziso lweeteknoloji eliphambili. Nakuba kunjalo, kukho abantu abathi ukuba abanayo izixhobo yokunxibelelana njengabaphambukeli. Omnye wabo - uGqirha Stiven Grir, eyona nto idume ngayo le documentary film "Sirius", elingcwele nabameli ingqondo komhlaba. Stiven Grir uyazi njani ukuba uqhagamshelana njengabaphambukeli. Amaxesha aliqela ngonyaka, eli qela labantu ukuqokelela amavolontiya, aze athathe ezo ngasemagumbini esitheleyo. Ubanika iiseshoni ukucamngca, leyo kuthiwa inxaxheba izidalwa evela emajukujukwini.

Kakade ke, oko akuthethi kubonisa ukuba ukudibana nabo yabasemzini. Noko ke, Greer uthi, ukuba bayakwazi ukuseka uqhagamshelwano kunye nabameli lempucuko komhlaba. Kwezi seshoni, amavolontiya ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu osezingqondweni, kangangokuba ukuqonda nje indlela ukufumana wadibana njengabaphambukeli, kodwa khumbula ukuba ngokutsha lokugqibela. Ngethemba, Greer kunye neqela lakhe kanye ukuba kukoyikisa abameli ubukrelekrele komhlaba, ngubani ngokwenene ukunxibelelana nabantu.