Gender identity - yintoni na le nto?

Ubuntu zinokuthathwa ibe yingqokelela zonke iimpawu ngamnye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo eluntwini ukuba bachonge umntu njengelungu lombutho woluntu kwaye nokuchaza iimpawu zakhe zobuqu. Kweli nqanaba uqalisa mazingabhidaniswa ngokwalo, exela ukuba singobani isini umntu avareji - na isini kakhulu, kwaye ukuba yahlukile umgamgatho, ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuya alungiswe. Enyanisweni, yonke into ngake xaka ngakumbi, kunye nabantu abaninzi bayamangaliswa ukufumanisa iimpawu wesini esahlukileyo, niqonda na eqhelekileyo.

Ukumisela isini yesazisi omnye

Kuqala kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ngokwesini - akukho nto ngesondo, kodwa iseti iimpawu ukuba zincedise ngesondo self-determination. Ngoko ke, yesazisi ngokwesondo kuthiwa inkunzi nemazi, kunye nesini, ngokulandelelana, ngobudoda kunye ubufazi. Ngokuqinisekileyo sex is not: ibizwa kumiselwa neempawu komzimba, iseti zofuzo, kunye uhlobo olufanelekileyo amalungu esini, kanti yesazisi nesini - ezi mpawu ukuba akabotshelelwe kwiimpawu zebhayoloji.

Xa ecinga simplistically, oko linoxanduva lokumisela isini "abafazi yokwenene 'okanye' amadoda wokwenene." Ngokutsho yokucinga eqhelekileyo ukungaphangalali, sex ngamnye kufuneka ihlangane iingcinga ezithile ifanelekileyo yoluntu ngokwayo. Umfazi ubotshiwe kuba ethe-ethe, ezintle, unomtsalane ngesondo, ingakumbi abanomdla yokukhuliswa kwabantwana zoku-, yaye umntu lo ngokwemveli owayebonakala wasemgodini, ixhoba, njengegorha, nkqu inkosi, ubukho "ekunene" Imbonakalo kuyimfuneko. Apho ngamnye kukho imbono isini?

Yimfuzo okanye bathenga?

Abaxhasi le ngcamango "eziphilayo njengoko Isiphelo 'nimane isini vrozhdonnosti zonke iimpawu eziyimfuneko umntwana ngamnye. Naziphi na izinto ezinxaxhileyo ipateni waqonda njengoko ubugqwetha okanye izifo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwakhiwa yesazisi isini kuxhomekeke kuluntu, kunye nokuba umntwana eziswayo phezulu kuphela entsatsheni, uyakubona ukuziphatha efanelekileyo abazali kunye nezinye izalamane.

Ukuba abazali badanile ukuba umntwana akazange azalwe ngayo ngokulalana Ndinephupha, kusenokubakho umnqweno semi-abazi ukuba 'remake "inzala phantsi ipatheni ezikhoyo ngamaphupha. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuvandlakanywa kuphela koncwadi, kodwa ebomini. Formation of identity isini kwenzeka phantsi koxinzelelo, kunye namantombazana kusenokwenzeka ukuba kufundiswe amakhwenkwe ngaphezu vice versa. Oku kubangelwa ubukhulu becala isiko kuluntu lwethu ekubekeni ukuba indoda yokwenene kufuneka azalwe nonyana. Ukungabikho umntwana wesini efunekayo ikhuthaza oomama nootata ukuba sublimate, ngokulungelanisa imeko-"umzukulwana ayiphumelelanga" phantsi kwezinye isampuli lentelekelelo.

Ubuntwana ngokusebenzisa prizim isini

Kwabantwana abancinane, kukho abantwana Aniyiva na yesazisi ngokwesondo okanye isini, kuphela kwiminyaka emibini efunxa umahluko phakathi amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana. ukufunyanwa ngesiquphe uba ubukho okanye ukungabikho lobudoda. Oku kulandelwa ingcaciso lwabazali kutheni iziketi nezaphetha nga zinganxitywa kuphela ukuba akukho ipipi zidlale iimoto zokudlala kunye ngompu, ukuba kukho omnye. Kakade ke, yesazisi isini womntwana isoloko isekelwe imiyalezo efunyenwe ngaphandle kwemvume okanye ukulahlwa lukhuselekile kumgangatho ienjini. Oku waqaphela ukuba abantwana abancinane yasasazwa oontanga ufakelo nkxu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zokudlala akhethe ukuba kukhetho lwakho, kodwa siseko ukuchaneka ukuba isini sabo.

Kutheni, ke ngoko, uqalisa 'afe' yesazisi isini of abafikisayo? Lokufikisa kuphawulwa kuphela ezicacileyo utshintsho bayo. Iqala i uphendlo esebenzayo ngokwakho, ubuntu, yaye oku kufuna ukuba ikubuze izimvo onegunya. bathi yokuhlambalaza, "uyintombazana" okanye "uyinkwenkwe," ubiza ukuba indlela ethile ngokwesini indlela yokwemvelo ngokupheleleyo. Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba abazali befuna ngaloo nantoni na iindleko ukuze zikhule i "ekunene" usana esigingqini a kakhulu etyeni. Umzekelo, Makube lee, unyana wakhe, ukudanisa okanye umculo, ucinga ukuba izinto kuphela budoda.

Iintlobo bobulili

Ngokutsho nemigangatho zebhayoloji, abantu yahlulwe ngokungqongqo zibe nabafazi ababini - inkunzi nemazi. Naluphi na utshintsho kule ndawo kubangelwa kahle yemfuza. Ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, oku alungiswe ngeendlela zonyango zale mihla. Okulandelayo ukuqalisa iimpawu kuphela ezentlalo nenkcubeko, leyo kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke lizwe kunye nezithethe zasekuhlaleni. Babizwa ngokuba "kumgangatho wesithathu" - hermaphrodites (kunye nokufumaneka bemvelo iimpawu zesini amadoda namabhinqa) kunye nabantu abane yesazisi isini engaqhelekanga yomntu ibonakaliswa amazwe ngokusemthethweni ishumi kuphela: Canada, Australia, United Kingdom, kunye bamathidala, eJamani, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, India, Nepal kunye Bangladesh. A emazweni ambalwa bayavuma ubukho somgangatho wesithathu zamasiko enkcubeko, kodwa ukususela kwinqanaba umbono lo mthetho luhlobo kwicala ungcwalazi lobomi, leyo bakhetha ukuba bajolise ingqalelo.

Ekuqaleni zabelwe iintlobo ezimbini isini: oyindoda ezendeleyo amadoda, kunye nababhinqileyo, besini efanelekileyo. Owaziswa androgynous esanda elidlulileyo ngokusesikweni imela uhlobo oluthile "avareji yokalo emileyo" phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini ezisisiseko yesini. Izazi neengcali kananjalo kwahlule bigenderov, izitabane, Queer kunye nesini-agenderov kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Mhlawumbi lo mnqweno ukuba amsunduze isakhelo aqhelekileyo phambi Ukunyamalala kwabo ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukuba nokunyamezelana ngokwesini ukuya kukuzibophelela alinakuzuzwa. Kubomi eziqhelekileyo, oko nje amagama ambalwa, ngaphandle kokuya kwi iinkcukacha.

ubudoda

Yindoda yesazisi isini - indibaniselwano wayigxininisa nokuma inkunzi ukusebenza indima yentlalo inkunzi, kwakunye nezinye iimpawu ezifanelekileyo, imikhwa, ozikhethayo kunye nokuziphatha. Kwakhona iimpawu ngendlela eyakhayo, ingqalelo eqhelekileyo ndlongo njengendoda, umngcipheko nokunyamezelana. Ngamanye amazwi, xa lomfana athi "yindoda" libhekisela lomdlalo ngokwemfuneko umzekelo, njengako apho abantu Abakhalanga, njengoko siku ilungelo labasetyhini.

ubufazi

Femina yesazisi isini - sisichasi obudoda, indibanisela nokuma esobukhomokazi kunye nemisebenzi zentlalo ababhinqileyo bemveli, kuquka ezaziqhele "libhinqa" neempawu, imikhwa notyekelo. Kunika umdla ukuba kuluntu ngokusebenzisa bemilo kwisini ithathwa ngokoqobo yonke into ukusuka kwizilayida zokugqibela umbala kwi usana.

Ukuba lo mfana ukuba mabanxibe iithayithi ezipinki, inani eliphezulu labantu abadala okanye ukudida ngayo nenye intombazana, okanye licaphukile ukuba abazali bafuna ukuba amvuse ntombazana. uphawu Visual yesazisi esobukhomokazi - ezinxulumene sex obhinqileyo styles isambatho okanye imibala. Ilungelo ukunxiba ihempe eliqaqambileyo zidubule umntu oliduna kuya kufuneka ukuba ubonise amanqindi. Ngethamsanqa, ekuthandazeni kwakhe amaxesha ngamaxesha unyanzelisa ukunyanyezelwa ingundoqo kunye nezithintelo kwisini ligqobha ukhetho impahla.

androgyny

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kukodwa androgyny ezazikhona onke amaxesha, kodwa ingqalelo zazingenakuxoleleka, ukuba lo msebenzi yesazisi isini - umnqweno ngolunya ukungena androgyne abanye zingalahlekanga. Ngokomthetho androgyny uxhomekeke ezibukwayo - Ukuba umntu akanayo ubudoda zomlomo okanye ubufazi, kunzima ukumisela ngokulula, intombazana phambi kwakho okanye inkwenkwe. Iteyiphu yephepha yandiswa inzipho "ingafundwa" isimbo kunye nokuziphatha.

Umzekelo omkhulu kuqwalaselwa Brune, Heroine yenoveli ngabazalwana Strugatsky "Ihotele" Abafileyo yedwa ", nto leyo uchazwa ngokuthi 'umntwana zikamfi du Barnstokra". Ukuziphatha nenkangeleko Brune akukwazeki ukufumanisa oko, enyanisweni, sex is a isidalwa, ngoko ke Neu wabhala ngaye neuter, kwada kwacaca ukuba oku ngokwenene intombazana.

Isini kunye nesini

Ngokwahlukileyo inkolelo ethandwayo, isigama yesazisi isini ayikho ngenxa ngokupheleleyo ngokwesini. Ngamanye amazwi, umntu esobukhomokazi ukubonakala kakhulu ndikhohlakele akuhlali ubufanasini, kunye bodybuilders ezimfutshane unwele afihle lesbian ubonisa akukho utyekelo.

Ingcamango isini kubangelwa ikakhulu ukuba ukuziphatha kunye nendima kwezentlalo, kwaye ngokungangqalanga kuphela ngokusekelwe ngesondo. Ngoko ke, ukuzama ukucinezela "ngezesini engalunganga" indlela uxinzelelo uchazo icandelo isini olubonakalayo engazisi nasonasiphi na isiphumo. Asimele zingalujongi kungenzeka ziziphumo ezidibeneyo iimeko zangaphandle kuphuhliso ngesini. Sexologists bathi yokuqhelwaniswa acacisa ngokuthe ngcembe, umntu ngamnye uya ngokusebenzisa ngendlela eyodwa lokusekwa umntu, eziquka ukhetho banye.

Ngubani bigendery kunye kobakhe

Bigender kungathathwa omnye ezahlukeneyo lokuwina kwisini toleratnosti enkqayini umntu othile ngayo. Xa umntu ethatha kwi umsebenzi ethile kwezentlalo, ngaphandle acandacanda kucazululo lokubona ngaso linye, sifumana umntu noko ivumelane ne self-ngokwaneleyo. Xa inkcaso kwisini yesazisi / yesazisi zentlalo e bigenderov iphumelele ufundo abanengqondo isicelo leetalente notyekelo. Umntu uyakwazi ukuba indima yentlalo yabafazi, ngaphandle kulo mzekelo lixhoba iimeko, uhlangabezana njani nazo kunye nendima eyindoda. Kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, imihlaba kwisini eliqela bucinyiwe, "omkhulu kuzingela" incwadi amapasi ngakumbi nangakumbi ukusuka kumsebenzi ngokwasemzimbeni emigudwini engqondweni, kunye abam- abanezakhono iba umnini imisipha testosterone abangaphezu kwemfuneko, njengoko umntu ngezinga eliphezulu ingqondo. umniki identity ngokwesondo kulo mba awungeni ndawo.

Omnye umbuzo na, ukuba kukho kobakhe - yinto ukungafani eziphilayo kunye nesini self-ziqhele. Xa ndicinga nje, oko kubizwa ngokuba amadoda kobakhe abakhetha indima yabafazi loluntu, kuquka ezinye iimpawu ezibonwayo. Ukuba ngokwenene uziva ngathi umfazi 'ithambo ", kwaye umzimba wenyama ayingqinelani self-determination, ngoko sithetha transsexuality. Ngokwalo isini, lo mntu. Umntu ucinga umfazi njengoko navakalelwa ebona ihlabathi ngokwakhe kuphela izinto zobufazi. sex ukungafani eziphilayo kucetyiswa ukuba alungise ngokuthi transitioning. Noko ke, asingabo bonke abantu batshintshe ngesondo eziphilayo, oko kukuthi kobakhe uzive. Le meko kunokuba edidayo apho izigqibo abaninzi.

Akakenzi ongase yempela ngokwesini

Ukuba ukuyilwa yesazisi isini yaba ukungafani zebhayoloji parameters, ibizwa ngokuba ongase ngokwesini. Le ibandakanya zonke yesazisi isini disorder, nto leyo kwi-International Classification yezifo, nama-2018 (ICD-11) izakususwa candelo ukuphazamiseka engqondweni kudidi ngesini. Le meko ikhe yaye zinzulu, ngokuxhomekeke iqondo ukulahlwa ngesondo kwabo wegazi.

Kwezentlalo kunye sexologists bathi kuphakamise ongase ngokwesini kancinane ukuze ngokwesini, ingakumbi xa bathe bawa phezu komntwana okanye elivisayo. Hi xikombiso, le ubuqhawe, njengokuba ifomu ezinkulu kwaye ngxwaba iimodeli obudoda unako ukubonisa misogyny ezikwekwayo - indawo yokudlala ingcamango yokuba yonke into ezendeleyo kwabasetyhini, ayilunganga. Badanile ukuba umfazi abe ngumfazi - kuba kubi kakhulu. iingxelo ngokwesini kungakhokelela umntwana kwitsheyini ubhalo: "Andifuni ukuba into odelekileyo, ungumntu nje kakuhle, neentloni ukuba abe ngumfazi." Lo mgaqo usebenza umva: Ukuba kwindawo alawulwa yi inkwenkwe characterizations ethoba isidima sabantu, yena engaqondanga uqalisa abanqwenela kwakucingwa ukuba udidi "nelungelo" lwabantu. sex biological kuthintela oku, ukuphuhlisa yesazisi isini disorder.

amarhamente izixholoxholo Eza imodeli yemveli yoluntu amadoda, ukunyamezelana isini ingakhokeleli wesiphithiphithi kunye nelahleko kwemihlaba zentlalo nenkcubeko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukungabikho ngokwesini ezinkulu kunye ndlongo kunciphisa ingcinezelo kuluntu, kunciphisa amathuba ongase kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhula lomntu ngamnye.