Lavra e Sergiev Posad. Eyona inkulu oyindoda obudala monastery stauropegic

Lavra Sergiyev Posad njengenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo Orthodox ngcwele eRashiya. unqulo wayo ngokuba intliziyo ihlabathi Orthodox, njengokuba kuyo yonke imbali yayo, le weemonki wabonisa nokuqina inkululeko kunye nokholo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho woonongendi inkulu Orthodox.

Imbali elivela kuzo Lavra

Ukuvela Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra, uya kude emva kwexesha, oko kukuthi ngowe-1337, xa kufutshane nedolophu Radonezh abazalwana ababini, noBhartolomeyu kunye uStefano wakha iseli kunye nebandla elincinane. Le yokugqibela yamiselwa egameni kaBathathu Emnye oyiNgcwele.

Emva kwethutyana, uStefan wagqiba ekubeni afudukele Monastery of the Epiphany, noBhartolomeyu wahlala. Last Wathabatha izifungo emishini waza wabizwa ngegama uSergiyo (kamva eyaziwa ngokuba Radonezh). Le Ilolo wayeyedwa malunga neminyaka emibini, ngoko kufuphi iseli bakhe baqalisa ukuhlala abo babefuna ukufumana imiyalelo. Xa iyonke kukho ezilishumi iiseli, emva kwexesha elithile Babengqongwe kocingo, wabeka namasango.

Emva kwethutyana, wamiselwa umphathi Mitrofan, ezahlala ofisi de 1344. Emva kokuba post waya eSt uSergiyo of Radonezh. Yena ngomona ndabaphaphelayo ngokugcinwa komyalelo yenkonzo, nangona kwakungekho umbingeleli ngokusisigxina. Ngoko ukuba ukubumba Lavra elizayo Sergiev Posad.

Enye ibandla elikhulu ngomthi imali Archimandrite Simon yakhiwa ngexesha ubomi uSergiyo. Kwakhona kulungiswa iiseli kubazalwana.

Ukuhlaselwa loo mkhosi mkhulu kunene ezweni Russian kunye kwexesha elitsha kubomi Laura

Isehlakalo obalulekileyo kwimbali Russia waba idyokhwe Tatar-Mongol. Elo yaba lixesha elinzima wonke. Ngowe-1380, Abbot uSergiyo, ngesicelo Prince nguDmitry, ngubani ndambeka, wema emthandazweni lonke ixesha, ngoxa kwakukho idabi. Ngenxa isipho sakhe clairvoyance, wabona yonk 'into kwenzeka edabini.

Ngowe-1392, elizayo Lavra Sergiyev Posad St. uSergiyo ebilahlekile. Wenyuka waya kwenye indawo. Yena elandelwa Nikon. iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu emva kokuqeshwa weemonki yatshiswa ekuhlaselweni olingana aweza. Kwakufuneka ukuba yakhiwe.

Ngowe-1422 kwathi omnye ummangaliso eyayibenza zezinto open yaseSt Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni zokwakha entsha, isiphumo elakhiwa Emnye Cathedral. Yaba etempileni ziziphumo izinto ezingcwele saint.

Le ndlu yecawa ukusuka ngamatye. Ngenxa yokudweba yakhe wacelwa ukuba ngumzobi icon odumileyo Andrei Rublev. Kakade ke, ekupeyinteni ekwimo yayo yoqobo ukuya namhlanje khange walondolozwa ukususela sele zihlaziyiwe izihlandlo eziliqela, yaye ezinye zemiqulu ngokuqhelekileyo eyenziwa kwakhona.

Liberation Ummangaliso usebenzisa Sergiya Radonezhskogo emva kokufa kwakhe

Ndingathanda ukuthetha amazwi ambalwa malunga xesha ebomini woonongendi, apho imali imiqobo kunye Lithuanians. Waqala ngo-1608, kwaqhubeka de 1610. Wahlala ezenze umkhosi omkhulu, kodwa abavikeli babo amaxesha ngaphantsi. Ngeli xesha yonke Lavra e Sergiev Posad uyathandaza. Ngenxa kuMoses, lo umxhasi saint Sergiya Radonezhskogo weemonki basinda.

Ngeli xesha, imimangaliso abaninzi kwenzeka, yaye nangona ukugqithisela iqela, abazalwana abazange izakunikezela kwaye nikholwe. iiveki ezintandathu iindonga eMonastri emsebenzini imipu, kodwa uhlaselo aluphumelelanga. Emva koko, kule khosi baya womisa utshaba, naye wancedisa bayagqobhoza, bayangena ukuziphendulela.

Ukukhuselwa woonongendi - ke namhlanje sisalathisi sobudoda. Ngelo xesha le feat kuye waphefumlela abantu abaninzi izakunikezela kwaye siqhubeke kulwa zabahlaseli.

Isigodlo ngexesha lokulawula uPetros Laura bafumana isihloko

Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra ngexesha elifanelekileyo izihlandlo eziliqela waba ligwiba Royals. Iiholo - ngenxa yokuba utyelelo ngokusoloko amagumbi ezikhethekileyo kwakhiwa. Esi sakhiwo siye amalungiselelo ingakumbi kuhambela.

Woonongendi uyazifihla ukususela kwimvukelo Peter I ngowe-1682. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe kamva, waba kwakhona apho, kodwa ukubaleka yelenqe. Kulapha weza uncedo yokumkani elizayo, "kusonwabisa" iishelfu yakhe, wamvumela ukuba ukumelana nabavukeli. Ukususela kule isigodlo, kwaye iqala ibali elitsha kaPetros I.

Ngo-1742 kule woonongendi wavula workshop, yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva woonongendi wafumana iwonga Lavra. Ukususela 1747 iqala ukwakhiwa kwiCawa ESmolensk Icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Wawuqala de 1767. Style ibandla - ezimbejembeje, oko ngokumila ajikelezayo, kwakunye balcony ezininzi kunye balustrades.

Formation of Sergiev Posad

Esi sixeko kukuba uqale ekubekeni nkqu 1610, xa weemonki yaba ikampu yasemkhosini. Ngelo xesha nye yaqala ukubonakala ngeenxa zonke zokuhlala kuqala. Umhlaba isigodlo waba iinzuzo ezinkulu, nto leyo ebe negalelo kuphuhliso zobugcisa nendyebo yorhwebo. Ngenxa yoko, le ndawo wakhula, kwakunye nokwanda kwenani labantu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni lokusekwa isixeko Sergiev Posad kwixesha elizayo. Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra ngokubonakalayo negalelo kule nezakhiwo zawo.

Ukufumana isihloko weemonki Lavra, kwaye ukuvela kwizikolo zonqulo, ukukhulisa yona isikhundla esikhethekileyo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XVIII ngeenxa woonongendi kwakukho iqela elikhulu zokuhlala ezinabantu abaninzi. Ngowe-1782, bamkela igama Sergiev Posad. Kubhaliwe usebenza ngokupheleleyo kwiimfuno woonongendi - inkonzo ifika kwinani elikhulu zabanquli, urhwebo, kamva Hospitality, njl Yonke into enxulumene kunye neemfuno woonongendi .. Sinokuthi isixeko Sergiev Posad, ummandla eMoscow - yaba nokuqhubekeka omkhulu weemonki.

Lavra ngexesha kolawulo Amaqumrhu

Ngexesha lokusekwa ngamandla Soviet Laurus utshintshile. Kuye kwathathwa asethi ezininzi woonongendi. Ngowe-1918 woonongendi zadliwa uhulumeni, kunye nonyaka kamva eyaphunyezwa isenzo onyeliso - ukuvulwa izinto ezingcwele Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Esi siganeko wenza Ulihlanganisele woonongendi e Sergiev Posad, ummandla eMoscow abantu abaninzi. Abasemagunyeni ezintsha wenza umnyinyiva ukuba amakholwa - zange abatshabalalise amandla, kodwa nje ukuvulwa oku.

NgoNovemba 1919, zonke esakhiweni woonongendi ngoku bakhutshwa kwaye ithunyelwe Hermitage waseGetsemane, yaye ngoMeyi 1920 ivaliwe ngokupheleleyo yaye yavalwa.

Emva kwezi ziganeko, woonongendi yaba ezininzi amaziko: i Museum, kwaye iklabhu kunye noluhlu ukudubula, kwaye nkqu zokufundisa Institute. Ezinye izakhiwo ziye ezihlalwa ngabaqeshi.

kwiminyaka elandelayo baye bema ngaphandle kakhulu kunzima. Church Filaret yatshatyalaliswa, apho amangcwaba ezinye abangcwele. Le yokugqibela ziphangwe, kwaye amandla makaphoswe emngxunyeni udoti.

Omisa unqulo kwenzeka ngo-1946 e-Easter. Wabuyisela ezinye izinto ezingcwele abangcwele, kwaye kananjalo wavula sobufundisi kunye neAkhademi. Yaba enye yoonongendi esebenzayo ezimbalwa kwelo xesha nzima Orthodox.

A Ixesha elitsha emva kokuwa USSR

Kakade ke, emva kokuba iSoviet wemka ukususela kwezopolitiko, i-Orthodox akwazi ukuzifihla ukholo lwabo. Ngaphandle yaqalwa ngo-1948, umsebenzi Academy kunye Seminary, kungoku nje kukho izikolo ezibini - iconographic kunye Regency. Kwakhona, kukho kwakhona imyuziyam.

Baqala ke ukuba ukuvuselela echithiwe yoonongendi Monastery, emva koko baqhubeka inkonzo engcwele. Kuvuselelwa ehotele, ekungoku wonke kunye eziluncedo.

Ngoku ke isigodlo ukumgama amalunga namakhulu amathathu neemonki, akhokelayo ezahlukeneyo. Oku, umzekelo, ukupapasha umsebenzi wobuvangeli, bona okarmlivayut amabanjwa, kwakunye uthabathe bahambi izono.

Imimangaliso eyenzeke apha

Zintathu Ongcwele Monastery (Sergiev Posad) ichaphazela yonke imimangaliso wathabatha indawo apho ukuthanda kukaThixo. Umxhasi woonongendi Sergiy Radonezhsky iye ngokuphindaphindiweyo walumkisa lihe. Okokuqala ngqa oko kwathi ngo-1408. Weza ephupheni ezihlangwini zakhe, Nikon, yaye walumkisa ngengozi. Bonke abazalwana baya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, kwaye kufanele kunjalo, ekubeni woonongendi yatshiswa emhlabeni.

Omnye umbono okufanayo kwenzeka 1611. Yena izihlandlo ezithathu Kuzma Minin kunye umnxeba lokufumba umkhosi ndiye akhulule eMoscow.

Architecture kunye Ukwakhiwa weemonki

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukwakhiwa woonongendi, leyo yakhiwa kwi XV-XIX weminyaka izibonelelo ezithile ngezakhiwo Russian ngelo xesha. Umzekelo, i-Pyatnitskaya Tower, owayebonakele ngo-1640. Le yenye enamandla kakhulu, kwaye izinto eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo asixhenxe anesixhenxe.

Log e uLaura singavuselelwa kwiSango oyiNgcwele, efumaneka kwi-Red iSango inqaba, uye eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo amahlanu anesibhozo. amasango Sami ihonjiswe esekelwe ezahlukeneyo ezithetha ngobomi St. uSergiyo of Radonezh.

Kwakhona kuqamba yezakhiwo umdla i kwiCawa Yokuzalwa of St. Ioanna Predtechi. Oku Zazihonjiswe kwi indlela eMoscow sobuciko yaye zavunyelwa ungeno ebalaseleyo kwi Lavra.

Ngowe-1422 yayakhiwe Emnye Cathedral behlonipha St. Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Oku ngenene isakhiwo umdla leyo edlulisela ezinye iinkalo lwezakhiwo elo xesha.

Ezingcwele izinto e Laurel

Zintathu Ongcwele Laurus (Sergiyev Posad) igcina eninzi ka-Ashera, kuzo kubalulekile ukuze obudala. Makhe siqwalasele ngamnye kubo:

• zezinto ezingcwele Sergiya Radonezhskogo (ise Emnye Lavra Cathedral, phantse lonke ixesha ukusukela ukuba bafumana kwi woonongendi);
• ezingcwele Antoniya Radonezhskogo (zigcinwe kwi Dukhovskoi Lavra Cathedral);
• ezingcwele Maksima Greka (zigcinwa kwi Refectory Church of the Monastery, zaye yabutyhila kutsha nje, ngo-1996);
• Tikhvin Icon ye nguMama kaThixo (zigcinwe Emnye Lavra Cathedral);
• Chernigov Icon ye nguMama kaThixo (ibid);
• Icon of St Nicholas, nto leyo ozukileyo kakhulu (zigcinwe ibandla St. uSergiyo).

Nceda izigulane Laura

Ekusebenzeni izifo Laura unyango ukuba iyeza ubiza kwengqondo. In Orthodox - eli umonakalo ukuba kukugeza. Ngoko ke, abaninzi buhlungu kufika ngokomoya apha, apho isixeko Sergiev Posad, Lavra. Otchitka kwenziwa imithandazo, nto leyo ilifa ekhethekileyo le ukususela ngenkulungwane yesine. Kwakhona ibuya yokuthambisa ioli engcwele, wafefa amanzi angcwele yaye umnqamlezo ithinzi.

Kakade ke, izigulane ngokwabo kwangaxeshanye musa aziphathe ngendlela ngokwanelisayo. Bebanjwe needemon ezahlukeneyo umzimba womntu yenza ezinye izimbo engaqhelekanga. Izigulane kwakhona ihlaba izandi ezahlukeneyo, ilizwi ngokungenabuntu, kwaye croak, bedanduluka, ehleka. Ezinye izigulane savela kwezinye iindawo ezinxulumene.

Enye abhadulayo anamandla Sergiev Posad (Laurus) - Bawo Herman (KFile). Ubeke impatho enjalo. Hi ndlela leyi, oku a joke, kwaye kungcono ukuba akakho. Esi siganeko kuyingozi ngenxa yokuba umntu ongenamava kwaye ababuthathaka ukuba sifumane enye idemon. Emva koko kufuneka otchitka kufuneka yena, naye.

Uphi na oyiNgcwele Emnye St. uSergiyo Lavra?

Ngoku makhe sibone indlela ukuya kwisixeko Sergiev Posad (Laurus). Idilesi Akukho nzima. Le ise kummandla eMoscow. Apho unako ukuqhuba ukusuka kwisikhululo Yaroslavl koololiwe ezisezidolophini nelandela ngqo ngakwifowulda efunekayo. ixesha lokuqhuba Uthelekelelo - isiqingatha seyure. Emva koko, ngaphambi nje kokuba woonongendi ukusuka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe uyakwazi ukuhamba okanye enye apho ebhasini.

Ukongezelela abazeleyo ukuba oololiwe Sergiev Posad ibhasi elandelayo. Baqhubeka ENEA rhoqo kakhulu. Ibhasi yokuqala ushiya ngecala emva kwentsimbi yesithandathu kusasa nowokugqibela - amabini ukuya elinanye ebusuku. Ukusuka Sergiev Posad ibhasi yokuqala ngentsimbi yesihlanu imizuzu elishumi kusasa nowokugqibela - ngentsimbi yethoba ngokuhlwa.

Ukuze ukuhamba lula ngakumbi ngemoto ukuya kwidolophu Sergiev Posad (Laurus), imephu yendawo uya kuba nomncedisi. Yithenge phambi uhambo, kwaye kulula ukufikelela.